Urban Planning in relation to Infrastructure Development

Infra- means "below;" so the infrastructure is the "underlying structure" of a country and its
economy, the fixed installations that it needs in order to function.

Characteristics that are popularly associated with infrastructure :

 Infrastructure facilities are generally available to large groups of people
 Infrastructure helps deliver essential services for the functioning of an organization or society
 Infrastructure helps achieve economic and social objectives
 Infrastructure is the base upon which society and its activities rest
The Role of Infrastructure
 Infrastructure is instrumental in promoting economic growth
 Infrastructure also plays a role in alleviating poverty
Infrastructure, Economic Growth and poverty reduction

Economic Poverty
Growth Reduction

Transportation Faster access to destinations, More reliable access to markets

increase in productivity so that fresher goods can be
sold at lower wastage levels

Water and Sanitation Incentives for construction of Improved health, reduction in

facilities, infrastructure and health related spending,
residential infrastructure, which potential increase in income
in turn promote economic savings
growth

Telecommunications Improved access and transfer of Increased access to information

data, leading to reduced travel leading to improved ability to
times and increases in make decisions on issues like
productivity selling price of produce etc

Energy Reliable and abundant power 24 hour electricity increase the

enables setting up of industries duration of the productive
and residences that create jobs, working day, thereby
manufacture products and augmenting income, increasing
promote economic growth agricultural yields etc.
The Infrastructure Crisis :
 Lack of funds
 Lack of implementation and management capabilities
 Corruption, bureaucracy and unfair competition
 Land acquisition issues involving dealing with displaced people and special interest groups

TYPES OF INFRASTRUCTURE
1. Transportation Infrastructure (Roads, Bridges, Airports, Ports, Waterways )
2. Water and Sanitation Infrastructure (Water Supply Systems, Sewage treatment systems)
3.Energy Infrastructure (Dams, power plants, power distribution and transmission facilities, pipelines)
4.Telecommunication Infrastructure
5.Housing, Facilities and Recreation
WATER AND SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE
Water sources :
 Surface water : stream, river, lake, reservoir
 Ground water : wells
 Source water protection : watersheds
Top 10 watersheds in the Philippines:
1. Loboc River - Bohol
2. Aklan River - Aklan
3. Doña Remedios- General Tinio - Bulacan
4. Catanduanes river- Catanduanes
5. Lower Agno - Benguet
6. Libungan - Cotabato
7. Lake Lanao – Lanao Del Sur
8. Pantabangan -Caranglan
9. Allah- South Cotabato
(a.) WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
- infrastructure for the collection, transmission, treatment, storage, and distribution of water for homes,
commercial establishments, industry, and irrigation, as well as for such public needs as firefighting
and street flushing.

Importance of water supply system:

• The purpose of distribution system is to deliver water to consumer with appropriate quality,
quantity and pressure.
• Distribution system is used to describe collectively the facilities used to supply water from its
source to the point of usage.

Requirements of good distribution system

• Water quality should not get deteriorated in the distribution pipes.
• It should be capable of supplying water at all the intended places with sufficient pressure head.
• It should be capable of supplying the requisite amount of water during fire lighting

Water Distribution Systems

• Dead End System – suitable for old towns and cities having no definite pattern of roads
• Radial system - the water is pumped into the distribution reservoir kept in the middle of each
zone. Supply pipes are laid radially ending towards the periphery.
• Grid Iron System – suitable for cities with rectangular layout, where the water mains and
branches are laid in rectangles
• Ring System – supply main is laid all along the peripheral roads and sub mains branch out from
the mains.
Classification of water systems in the Philippines:
• Level I - hand pumps, shallow wells, rainwater collectors
• Level II - bore wells, spring systems
• Level III - household service connection

(b.) SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM

SEWERAGE PROVISIONS (PROVINCIAL WATER UTILITIES ACT)
Sec. 29. Sewerage. - A district may require, construct, operate and furnish facilities and services, within
or without the district, for the collection, treatment and disposal of sewage, waste and storm water. The
district may only furnish such services outside the district by means of facilities designed primarily to
serve inside the district. Upon providing a sewer system in any area of the district, the district may require
all buildings used by human beings to be connected to the sewer system within such reasonable
time as maybe prescribed by the district, provided that the property upon which such building to be
connected stands is located within 35 meters of an existing main of the district's sewer system. After due
notice thereof and refusal on the part of the property owner to so connect with the district's sewer system,
the district may declare the further maintenance or use of cesspools, septic tanks, or other local means of
sewerage disposal in such area to be a public nuisance and, after notice and writing of at least
10 days, deprive said property owner of any and all services provided by the district, which sanction may
be co-extensive with the period during which the property owner persists in refusing to connect with the
district's sewer system.

WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESS

- Waste water treatment can involve physical, chemical or biological processes or combinations of
these processes depending on the required outflow standards.

Primary (mechanical) treatment

- designed to remove gross, suspended and floating solids from raw sewage.
Secondary (biological) treatment
- removes the dissolved organic matter that escapes primary treatment. This is achieved by microbes
consuming the organic matter as food, and converting it to carbon dioxide, water, and energy for
their own growth and reproduction.
Tertiary treatment
- Tertiary treatment can remove more than 99 percent of all the impurities from sewage, producing
an effluent of almost drinking water quality. The related technology can be very expensive,
requiring a high level of technical knowhow and well trained treatment plant operators, a steady
energy supply, and chemicals and specific equipment which may not be readily available.
Urban Design
the process of giving form, shape, and character to groups of buildings, to whole neighborhood, and the
city. it is a framework that orders the elements into a network of streets, squares, and blocks.

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (NBCP)

Section 102 Declaration of Policy
It is hereby declared to be the policy of the State to safeguard life, health, property, and public welfare,
consistent with the principles of sound environmental management and control; and to this end, make it
the prurpose of this code to provide for all buildings and structures, a framework of minimum standards
and equirements to regulate and control their location, site, design quality of materials, construction, use,
occupancy, and maintenance.

CHAPTER II ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT

Section 201. Responsibility for Administration and Enforcement.
The administration and enforcement of the provisions of this Code including the imposition of penalties
for administrative violations thereof is hereby vested in the Secretary of Public Works, Transportation and
Communications, hereinafter referred to as the “Secretary”.
Section 205. Building Officials
Except as otherwise provided herein, the Building Officials shall be responsible for carrying out the
provisions of this Code in the field as well as the enforcements of the orders and decisions made pursuant
thereto.
...
Government Sectors Responsible for Housing Projects:

Issues on Location:
 ECONOMIC ASPECTS
 CULTURAL ASPECTS
 TERRAIN
 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
 AVAILABILITY OF FACILITIES
 HISTORICAL VALUE
 NATURAL PHENOMENA
 PURPOSE OF STRUCTURE
 GOVERNMENT LAWS (NBCP)
Agricultural Buildings
Resolution No. R-674 Series of 2000
Rule III, Section 4
 Piggery and poultry farms shall be located outside urban areas.
 Shall be located within 25 meters radius from sources of ground and surface drinking water.
 Medium to large scale piggery and poultry farms shall be atleast 1000 meters away from built up
areas.
 Shall be 500 meters away from major roads or highways.
 1 Kilometer away from one another.
When we have a well-planned community, we can…
 Create spaces for relaxation and healthy living
 Improve property values
 Provide space for sports and recreation
 Build connections with nature
 Create necessary facilities to sustain living
 Generate incentives for investment
 Provide distinctive working environment and employment opportunities
 Help flourish wildlife
 Promote tourism