Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
SPACE ADMINISTRATION
Washington, D. C. 20546
202-755-8370
FOR RELEASE:
RELEASE NO: 74-292 November 19, 1974
P R O J E C T ^ PIONEER 11 JUPITER
P ENCOUNTER
R
E contents
ENCOUNTER PROFILE
1-9
10-16
25-26
THE SPACECRAFT
44-45
46-55
THE EXPERIMENTERS
....56-59
60-64
(HASA-News-Release-74-292)
JOPITBB ENCOUNTER (NASA) 70 p H75-10123
22C
Unclas
G3/J2 53037
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND
SPACE ADMINISTRATION
Washington, D. C. 20546
(Phone: 202/755-8370)
FOR RELEASE:
Peter Waller
Ames Research Center, Mountain View, Calif.
(Phone: 415/965-5091)
- more -
November 4, 1974
The 260-kilogram (570-pound) robot from Earth will
sweep over the face of Jupiter at more than 171,000 kilo-
meters (107,000 miles) an hour—the highest speed ever
achieved by a manmade object.
The close polar pass also will permit the first scien
tific measurements in high polar latitudes of both the
planet and its outer environment. And it will allow the
first deep probe of the inner radiation belt which girdles
the planet like a doughnut.
- more -
\ Since radiation increases rapidly with nearness to
*
pass through the weaker outer part of the belt last December,
Pioneer then will loop around behind the planet and depart—'
radiation zone.
- more -
The trajectory will also take the spacecraft around /
the planet against Jupiter's direction of rotation--per-
mitting for the first time a look at a complete revolu-
tion of the planet's magnetic field, radiation belt and
surface.
- more -
If Pioneer 11 survives, it has a reasonable chance of
semi-circular bands.
- more -
After encounter, Pioneer 11 will fly into an uncharted /\
/ \
/
region of space about 160 million kilometers (100 million
miles) above the orbit planes of most of the planets.
There it can provide information on a new portion of
the heliosphere. This is the region surrounding the
- more -
Like its predecessor, Pioneer 11 carries a plaque
it came from.
- more -
Pioneer's 2.75-meter (9-foot) dish antenna looks
$100 million.
industry.
- more -
Tracking and data acquisition is the responsibility
ENCOUNTER PROFILE
Radiation Danger
Encounter Sequence
The two-month Pioneer encounter period, Nov. 2, 1974
to Jan. 3, 1975, breaks down as follows:
• During the three weeks, Nov. 3 to 24, the spacecraft
(still in interplanetary space) will move in from about 27
million km (17 million miles) from the planet to about 10
million km (6.2 million miles).
On Nov. 25 or 26, Pioneer is expected to pass through the
bow shock wave in the solar wind created by Jupiter's magnetic
field and enter Jupiter's magnetosphere, approaching to about
7.5 million km (4.7 million miles).
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Between Nov. 27 and Dec. 1, Pioneer 10 will fly to within
1.6 million km (1.1 million miles) of Jupiter and will pass
through the outer magnetosphere/ while viewing the planet
from a distance.
During the last day and a half (38 hours), before closest
approach on Dec. 3, Pioneer will move in to its closest dis-
tance of 42,800 km (26,600 miles) above the planet's cloud
tops (pericenter). During this last 38 hours, it will make
its most important planet measurements and pictures, and will
pass through the most intense parts of the radiation belts
(between six hours before and six after pericenter). It also
will traverse regions of dust concentrations near the planet.
The spacecraft will repeat this sequence as it exits the
planet environment.
Post Encounter
Journey to Saturn
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16B
1972
3/2 — PIONEER 10 LAUNCH
1973
2/15 PIONEER 10 EXITS ASERIOD BELT
4/5 PIONEER 11 LAUNCH
PIONEER 10 OCCULATION BY lo
12/3 _PIONEER 10 JUPITER ENCOUNTER
1974
3/18 PIONEER 11 EXITS ASTEROID BELT
4/19 PIONEER 11 COURSE CHANGED FOR
JUPITER SWING-BY AND FLIGHT TO
SATURN
1976
3/1 -— PIONEER 10 CROSSES SATURN ORBIT
1977
"4/20 PIONEER 11 RECROSSES JUPITER
ORBIT AND HEADS OUT TO SATURN
1978
1979
NOTES:
During the 52 hours centered on periapsis, Pioneer will take 25 pictures of Jupiter, one each
of Ollisto, Ganymede, and lo.
PST Image of
3:02 - 3:51 p.m. Jupiter
7:00 - 8:00 p.m. Jupiter
8:00 - 8:25 p.m. Jupiter
11:00 - 11:20 p.m. Jupiter
JUPITER-BASIC CHARACTERISTICS
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IMAGING PHOTOPOLARIMETER
METEOROID DETECTOR
SENSOR PANEL
ASTEROID - METEOROID
DETECTOR SENSOR HELIUM VECTOR
MAGNETOMETER
PLASMA ANALYZER
TRAPPED RADIATION
DETECTOR
COSMIC RAV
TELESCOPE
FLUX GATE
MAGNETOMETER
INFRARED RADIOMETER
CHARGED PARTICLE
INSTRUMENT
33
-more-
36
-more-
37
CELESTIAL MECHANICS
-more-
Doppler tracking determines spacecraft 'velocity along
the Earth-spacecraft line down to a fraction of a millimeter
per second, once per minute. These data are further augmented
by optical and radar position measurements of the planets.
Computer calculations using -the spacecraft trajectory and
known planet and satellite orbital characteristics should
verify Pioneer 10 findings on: Jupiter's mass, the masses
of its' four large moons, the planet's polar flattening and
mass of its surface layers.
Jupiter's Atmosphere, Temperature, Moons, Interplanetary
Hydrogen/ Helium and Dust
Ultraviolet Photometer (University of Southern California),
During flyby the ultraviolet photometer will measure scatter-
ing of ultraviolet (UV) light from the Sun by Jupiter's moons
in two wavelengths, one for hydrogen and one for helium.
Radiotelescope measurements show that the solar system is
immersed in an interstellar gas of cold neutral hydrogen. By
measuring the scattering of the Sun's ultraviolet light the
instrument can measure amounts of this neutral hydrogen within
the heliosphere.
The instrument has two detectors, one which measures ultra-
violet radiation at 1216 angstroms, the other at 584 angstroms
-- the wavelengths at which hydrogen and helium scatter solar
ultraviolet.
The instrument has a fixed viewing angle and will use the
spacecraft spin to scan the planet. It weighs 0.7 kg (1.5
Ibs.; and uses 0.7 watts of power.
Pictures of Jupiter and Moons, the Planet's Atmosphere
Imaging Photopolarimeter (University of Arizona). This
instrument provides data in a "number of areas using photometry
(measurement of light intensity) and polarimetry (photometry
measurements of the linear polarization of light), and imaging.
The instrument will take pictures of Jupiter as the space-
craft approaches the planet.
Images will be made in both red and blue light, and these
will be superimposed, providing "color pictures" using red and
blue data plus amounts of green based on Earth telescope
pictures.
-more-
38A
SCAN LIMIT
14deg
WIDTH OF SCAN
DATA BEAM 0.5 BY
0.5 milliradian
DIRECTION OF
SCAN DATA BEAM
CLOSEST TELESCOPE
POSITION TO SPIN
AXIS
39
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40
-more-
41
ENCOUNTER OPERATIONS
-more-
42
-more-
43
-more-
44
-more-
45
-more-
46
THE SPACECRAFT
-more-
47
Pioneer 11 Description
Pioneer's Earth-facing dish antenna is in effect the
forward end of the spacecraft. Pioneer 11 is 2.9-m
(9.5 ft) long, measuring from its farthest forward component,
the medium-gain antenna horn to its farthest rearward point,
the tip of the aft-facing omnidirectional antenna. Exclusive
of booms, its widest crosswise dimension is the 2.7-m
(9 ft) diameter of the dish antenna.
-more-
48
-more-
49
-more-
51
-more-
52
-more-
53
Command System
Data Handling
-more-
54
Timing
Temperature Control
-more-
55
-more-
56
THE EXPERIMENTERS
Instrument: Magnetometer
Anthony J. Tuzzolino
University of Chicago
NASA Headquarters
Office of Associate
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