PERSONAL

JURISDICTION

Personal Service Consent Minimum Contacts

In Forum State

Does Claim Arise

from a contact of 
with the Forum State?
Personal Jurisdiction Post-Dispute Pre-Dispute
EXISTS Consent Consent
Pennoyer & Burnham

Personal Personal
Jurisdiction Jurisdiction
EXISTS EXISTS
If YES . . . If NO . . .
Pennoyer Pennoyer &
Carnival Cruise Specific General
Lines Jurisdiction Jurisdiction

 At Home

Broad, Deep
Long Term
Contacts
Goodyear, Major
Effects Test Stream of
Helicol Presence
Contacts
Jones; Commerce
Pavolvich
Quality &
Nature of
At least 1 Contacts
PURPOSEFUL Contact (continuous &
Internet
Contacts:
AVAILMENT World-Wide systematic v.
Intentional isolated and casual)
Business?
Tort
Passive?
Interactive? Purposeful
Product Placed in Availment Purposeful
- Level of
Inter. Stream (Distributorship Availment
Effect in - Comm. Steam ONLY)
Forum Nature
State
State’s
Interest Reasonable?
Product Removed From Stream
by CUSTOMER in Forum State
State’s
World-Wide, Asahi, Nicastro Plaintiff’s
Interest
Specific Interest
Target in
Forum
Asahi &
Reasonable? Plaintiff’s
Purposefully Directed Activity
at Forum State
Interest
Asahi & Nicastro
No
Unilateral
Activity

Foreseeability/Fairness