Historical Cultural Author Works Themes Motifs Symbols Main Narrator Literary

Period and Characters /Point of Form &

Literary view/Style Genre
context
Renaissanc William 154 Sonnets 1.The flight of time 1. Art versus 1. flowers The speaker Shakesperean
e Renaissanc Shakespear 1593-1594 2. the immortality time/art’s and trees (voice of the sonnet is Poetry
1485-1625 e e (published in of art struggle to 2. Stars sonnets) different from
Baroque 1564-1616 1509) 3. Love: different overcome time 3. Weather The Young the Petrarchan Figures of
types of love 2. Stopping the and Man (s 1- sonnet; speech:
Sonnets 18 4. The dangers of march towards seasons 126) It is made up similes,
dedicated to a lust and love death/children The Dark of 3 quatrains metaphor
young man 5. The as an antidote Lady (127- and a rhymed s,
(love/immorta responsibility of to death 150) couplet. personific
lity of art) being beautiful 3. the –uses the ation
Sonnet 130 to 6. Real beauty significance of Iambic (pathetic
a woman versus clichéd sight pentameter fallacy)
(love, parody, beauty (five pairs of
mocks the unstressed/str
Petrarchan essed
sonnet) syllables)

37 plays 1.Love (different 1. Light and 1.Poison Romeo Point of view Tragedy
Romeo and types of love)/The darkness 2.Queen Juliet doesn’t apply
Juliet forcefulness of love 2. Opposite Maab Mercutio to drama.
1597 2. Love as a cause points of view Friar
of violence 3. Nighttime Lawrence
3. The individual The Nurse
versus society
4. Identity
5. Fate
6. Sex
7. Violence
8. Youth
 9. Meaning of
Gender
10. Value and
doubleness

1.Love’s difficulty 1. Contrast 1. Theseus Theseus Comedy

Midsummer 2. Magic and Puck
Night’s Dream 3. Dreams Hypollita Titania
1600 2. The Love Oberon
Potion Hermia
3.The Helena
Craftsmen’ Demetrius
s Play Nick Bottom
Actors

Hamlet 1.The impossibility 1. Incest and 1. Yorrick’s Hamlet Revenge

1603 of certainty incestuous skull stands Claudius Tragedy
2. The complexity desire for death’s Gertrude
of action 2. Misoginy inevitability Ophelia
3. The mystery of 3. Ears and and the
death hearing disintegrati
4. The nation as a on of the
diseased body body
5. Performance
6. Madness
7. Doubt
Macbeth 1.The corrupting 1.Hallucinations 1.Blood – Macbeth Tragedy in
1608 power of 2. Violence stands for Lady the Greek
unchecked 3. Prophecy the guilt Macbeth style
ambition 2. The Banquo
2. The relationship weather – Macduff
between cruelty chaos The Three
and masculinity brought by Witches
3. The difference murder
between kingship 3. The
and tyranny three
4. Order/Chaos witches-
5. Guilt stand for
6. Children evil
The Enlightenm Daniel Robinson 1.The ambivalence 1.Counting and 1. The Robinson C 1st person Novel
Puritan ent/Neocla Defoe Crusoe of mastery measuring footprint Friday narrative
Restoratio ssicism 1719 2.The necessity of 2. Eating 2. The cross The
n and repentance 3. Ordeals at sea 3. Crusoe’s Portuguese
Augustan 3. The importance Bower Captain
Age of self-awareness
1625-1776
Jonathan Gulliver’s 1.Might versus right 1. Excrement 1.Lilliputian Lemuel 1st person Novel
Swift Travels 2.The individual 2. Foreign s Gulliver narrative-
1726 versus society Languages 2.Brobding unreliable
3.The limits of 3.Clothing nagians narrator
human 3.Laputans
understanding 4.Houyhnh
nms
5. England
The Romanticis John Keats 1.Ode on a 1. The conflict 1. Beauty 1.The Poetry:
Romantic m 1795-1821 Grecian Urn between the real 2.Death Grecian urn 1&2 Ode
Age 1818 world of suffering, 3. Nature – perfect 3. Sonnet
1776-1837 2.Ode to a death and decay never 5. Ballad.
Nightingale and the ideal world changing
3.When I have of beauty, world of art
fear imagination and 2. The night
4.To Autumn youth. sky –
5. La Belle 2.love symbol of
Dame sans 3.nature and artistic
Merci 1819 seasons inspiration
3. autumn
–maturity
and
plenitude
Jane Pride and 1.Love 1. Courtship 1. 1.Elizabeth Third person Novel of
Austen Prejudice 2.Reputation 2. Journeys Pemberley Bennet omniscient manners
1775-1817 1813 3.Class 2. Fitzwilliam
Darcy
3. Jane B.
and Charles
Bingley
4. Mr Bennet
5. Mrs
Bennet
North Edgar Allan The Tell-tale 1. Love and hate 1. The Evil Eye 1.Unamed First person Short
American Romanticis Poe (1809- heart 2. Madness 2. Animals narrator Narrative story
History m 1849) 1843 3. Hearing (the 2. Old man Detective
Gothic old man’s heart and horror
beating) story
The Post
Revolution
Period

Up to 1823
The
Monroe
Doctrine

North Dark Nathaniel The Scarlet 1.Sin, knowledge 1. Civilization 1. The 1.Hester Omniscient Romance
American Romanticis Hawthorne Letter and the human versus the Scarlet Prynne narraror 3rd Historical
History m 1804-1864 1850 condition wilderness letter 2. Arthur person novel
2.The nature of evil2. Night versus 2. The Dimmesdale
1823-1900 3.Identity and day Meteor 3. Pearl
Civil War society 3.Evocative 3. Pearl 4.
names Chillingworth
Herman Moby Dick 1.The limits of 1.Whiteness 1.The 1. Ishmael 1st person Epic
Melville 1851 knowledge 2.Surfaces and Pequod 2. Captain narrator Adventure
1819-1891 2. The depths 2. Moby Ahab Ishmael story
deceptiveness of Dick 3. Queequeg Quest tale
fate 3.Queeque 4. The three Allegory
3.The exploitative g’s coffin mates Tragedy
nature of whaling 5. Fedallah
6. Tashtego/
Dagoo

Transceden Walt Leaves of 1.Democracy as a 1. Lists 1. Plants Whitman- Poetry

talism Whitman Grass way of life (catalogues) 2. The self Song of Free verse
1819-1892 1855 2.The cycle of 2.The human myself Repetition,
Father of growth and death body Alliteration
American 3. The beauty of the 3. Rhythm and Assonance
Poetry individual incantation Lists
 Emily 1.The Individual’s 1. The Speaker’s 1. Feet ED style is Poetry
Dickinson Poetry struggle with God unique poetic 2.Stone startling Almost
1830-1866 (Around 1800 2. The Assertion of voice 3. Birds original : 2000
poems) the Self 2.The dramatic poems
First edition 3.The Power of Connection opening,
published words and Poetry between Sight striking visual
posthumously 4. Nature as a and Self images,
in 1890 ‘haunted house’ widespread
personification
, dense
metaphors
and a great
economy of
language

REALISM Mark The 1.Racism and 1. Childhood 1. The 1. Huck Finn First person Picaresqu
Twain Adventures of slavery 2.Lies and Cons Mississippi 2. Jim narrator- Huck e
Huckleberry 2.Intellectual and 3.Superstitions River, 3. Tom Bildungsro
Finn moral education and Folk beliefs floods, Sawyer man
1884 3.The hypocrisy of 4. Parody of shipwrecks
‘civilized’ society popular
romance novels
 David 1.The Plight of the 1.Mothers and 1.The sea 1.David First person Novel
REALISM Charles Copperfield weak mothers figures 2. Flowers Copperfield narrative Bildungsro
THE NATURALIS Dickens Serial 2. Equality in 2.Accented 3. Mr Dick’s 2. Uriah man
VICTORIAN M 1812-1870 publication marriage speech kite Heep Subjective
AGE AESTHETICI May 1849-Nov 3. Wealth and class 3. Physical 3. James narrator:
1837-1901 SM 1850 beauty Steerforth David C
4. Mr & Mrs
Micawber
5. Clara
Pegotty
6.The
Murdstones

The Great 1.Ambition and the 1.Doubles 1.The 1. Pip First person Novel
Expectations desire for self- 2. Comparison stopped 2.Estella Narrative Bildungsro
Published improvement of characters to clock at 3.Miss Narrator: Pip man social
serially 2. Social class inanimate Satis house Havisham criticism,
between 3. Guilt, criminality,
objects 2.The Mists 4.Abel autobiogr
1860-1861 and innocence; 3. Disappointed of the Magwitch aphical
4. Sophistication expectations Marshes (the convict) fiction
5. Education 4. The 3. Bentley 5. Joe
connection Drummle Gargery
between
weather and
dramatic events
Lewis Alice’s 1.The Tragic and 1.Dream 1.The 1.Alice Third person Nonsense
Carroll Adventures in inevitable loss of 2.Subversion Garden 2.The narrator literature
1832-1898 Wonderland childhood 3.Language 2. The Cheshire Cat Children ‘s
1865 innocence 4. Curious, Caterpillar’ 3.The Queen fiction
2. Life as a nonsense and s of Hearts Satire
meaningless puzzle confusion mushroom 4. The White Allegory
3. Death as a Rabbit Story of
constant and 19th
underlying menace century
Oxford-
key novel
 Thomas Tess of the 1.The injustice of 1.Birds 1.Prince 1.Tess Omniscient Regional
Hardy d’Urberville existence 2.The Book of 2.The Durbeyfield third person novel/Nov
1840-1928 1891 2.Changing ideas of Genesis d’Urberville 2. Alec el of
social class in 3.Variant names family vault d’Urberville character
Late Victorian England 3. Brazil 3. Angel and
Victorian 3. Men dominating Clare environm
women ent
/Naturalist
novel

Henry The Portrait of 1.American versus 1.The conflict America – 1.Isabel Third person Novel/Psy
James a Lady European character between optimism 2.Gilbert narrator/Multi chological
1843-1916 Serial 2.The conflict American and Osmond ple point of Realism
publication between the individualism innocence/ 3.Ralph views
1880/1908 individual and and European Europe- Touchett technique/elli
American revised society social decadence ptical
naturalized edition 2.Social and convention/cust &social technique
British emotional om sophisticati
maturation on

End of 19th Late Joseph Heart of 1.The hypocrisy of 1.Observation 1. Fog 1.Marlowe Two Novel/Sy
century Victorian/E Conrad Darkness colonialism and 2. The 2.Kurtz narrators/one mbolism,
arly 1857-1924 1899 2.Madness as a eavesdropping White of which colonial
Modernisn result of capitalism 2.Ironic Sepulchre Marlowe -1st literature,
3.The absurdity of understatement 3. Women person adventure
evil , hyperbolic 4.The River tale,
language frame
4.Interiors and story
exteriors
5. Darkness
 Lord Jim 1.The sun never 1.Lord Jim 3rd person Novel/Ad
1900 sets the British 2.Marlowe limited venture,
Empire omniscient/1st Modernis
person m,
Marlowe Psycholog
ical
Thriller
and
Suspense

Edwardian 1.Deglamourizing 1.Caesar- Long preface, Anti-

England George Cesar and history Emperor of describing romantic
Bernard Cleopatra 2. Reinterpreting Rome characters, drama
Shaw 1898 historical 2.Cleopatra giving stage
1856-1950 personalities Queen of directions.
Egypt Shaw’s plays
3. Ftatateeta are meant to
Cleopatra's be read as well
chief nurse as played.

Pygmalion 1.Pygmalion and 1.Professor Romance/

1912 Galatea Henry Comedy
2. Language and Higgins
class 2.Eliza
Doolittle
3.Colonel
Pickering
4.Alfred
Doolittle
5. Mrs.
Higgins
Modernism Virginia Mrs Dalloway 1.Communication 1.Time 1.The 1.Clarissa Anonymous Novel/Mo
Woolf 1925 versus privacy 2.Shakespeare Prime Dalloway omniscient dernist/fo
England 1882-1941 2.Disillusionment 3.Trees and Minister 2. Septimus narrator/multi rmalist/Fe
1901-1950 with the British flowers 2.Peter Warren ple points of minist
Empire 4.Waves and Walsh’s Smith view-stream
3.The Fear of Death water Pocketknife 3.Peter of
4. The Threat of and Other Walsh consciousness
Opression Weapons 4.Sally
Setton
 3.The Old 5. Richard
woman in Dalloway
the
window
4.The Old
woman
singing an
ancient
song
E.M.FORST A Passage to 1.The difficulty of 1.The Echo 1.The 1.Dr Aziz Third person Modernist
ER India English-Indian 2. Eastern and Marabar 2.Cyril omniscient novel/psy
1879-1970 1924 friendship Western caves Fielding narrator chological
2.The Unity of All Architecture 2.The 3.Adela novel
Living Things 3. Godbole’s Green Bird Quested
3.The ‘Muddle’ of song 3. The 4.Mrs Moore
India Wasp
4.The Negligence of
British Colonial
Government
Modernism T.S. ELIOT The 1.The damaged 1.Fragmentatio 1.Water Modernist
1888-1965 Wasteland psyche of humanity n 2.The poem
1922 2.The power of 2.Mythic and Fisher King
literary history Religious Ritual 3.Music
Five sections 3.The changing 3.Infertility and singing
1.The Burial of nature of gender
the Dead roles
2.A Game of
Chess
3. The Fire
Sermon
4.Death by
Water
5.What the
Thunder said

Modernism James A Portrait of 1.The Development 1. Music 1. Green 1.Stephen Anonymous Bildungsro
Joyce the Artist as a of Individual 2.Flight and Dedalus 3rd person man/Auto
1882-1841 young man Consciousness 3.Prayers, Maroon 2.Simon biographic
1916 secular songs 2.Emma Dedalus al novel
 2.The Pitfalls of and Latin 3.The Girl 3.Emma
Religious phrases on the Clery
Extremism Beach
3.The Role of the
Artist
4.The Need for Irish
Autonomy
Ulysses ·1. The quest for 1. Lightness and 1.Plumtree’ 1.Leopold Several Modernist
First serially in paternity; Darkness s Potted Bloom narrators: novel;
1918 2. The remorse of 2.The Home Meet 2.Molly anonymous 3rd comic
As a book in conscience; Usurped 2.The Gold Bloom person novel;
1922 3. Compassion as 3.The East Cup Horse 3.Stephen narrator/interi quest
heroic; Race Dedalus or monologue novel
4.Parallax or the 3.Stephen’s 3rd person
necessity of Latin Stephen
multiple Quarter /interior
perspectives Hat monologue 1st
4. Bloom’s person
Potato Molly
Talisman Episode 15 no
narrator
The F. Scott The Great 1.The Decline of the 1.Geography 1.The 1.Jay Gatsby 1st person Jazz Age
American Roaring Fitzgerald Gatsby American Dream in 2.Weather Green Light 2.Nick narrator/limite Novel
Modern 20s /The 1896-1940 1925 the 1920s 2.The Caraway d about the
Age Jazz Age 2.The hollowness of Valley of 3.Daisy impossibili
1900-1950 the upperclass the ashes Buchanan ty of
3.The eyes recapturin
of Dr g the past
T.J.Ecklebur
g
William The Sound 1.The corruption of 1. Time 1. Water The four 4 narrators: Modernist
Faulkner and the Fury Southern 2.Order and 2.Quentin’s Compson Benjy,Quentin, Novel
1897-1962 1929 aristocratic values chaos watch children: Jason 1st
2. Resurrection and 3.Shadows 3.Caddy’s Caddy, person
renewal; 4.Objectivity muddy Quentin, narrators-
3. The failure of and subjectivity undercloth Benjy, and participants-
language and es Jason stream of
narrative 4.Caddy’s consciousness
perfume style. final
chapter by
 Faulkner
himself-
omniscient 3rd
person
narrator
Eugene Mourning 1.Oedipus (Myth 1.The Blessed 1.The 1. Lavinia Tragedy/P
O’Neil Becomes and archetype) Islands Mannon Mannon sychologic
1888-1953 Electra 2.Fate, repetition 2.The Natives House 2. Christine al
1931 and substitution M. drama/Ex
3.The Double/the 3. Orin M. pressionis
Rival 4. Brigadier m
4.The Law of the General Ezra
Father Mannon

Ernest The Old Man 1.The honour in 1.Crucifixion 1.The 1.Santiago 3rd person Novella/p
Hemingwa and the Sea struggle, defeat and imagery Marlin 2. Manolin objective arable;
y 1952 death 2.Life from 2.The narrator tragedy
1899-1961 (Postmodernis 2.Pride as the death Shovel-
t age- source of greatness 3. The lions on nosed
modernist and determination the beach sharks
elements)

CONTEMP POSTMOD William Lord of the 1.Civlization versus 1.Biblical 1. The 1.Ralph Omniscient/A Novel/Alle
ORARY ERNISM Golding Flies savagery parallels Conch shell 2. Jack nonymous 3rd gory/Dyst
AGE PM 1911-1993 1954 2.The loss of 2.Natural 2. Piggy’s 3.Piggy person opian
1950- innocence Beauty glasses 4.Roger narrator fiction
onwards BRITISH 3. Innate human 3. The Bullying 3.The 5. Simon
evil of the weak by signal fire 6.The Lord of
the strong 4. The the Flies
4.The outward Beast
trappings of 5.The Lord
savagery (face of the Flies
paint, 6.Ralph,
spears,totems Piggy, Jack,
etc) Simon and
Roger
BRITISH John The French 1.The relationship 1.Sexual 1.Fossils 1.Charles Fowles uses PM
Fowles Lieutenant’s between life and repression of (symbols of Smithson different historical
1926-2005 Woman art the past) voices, several novel/
 1969 2. Fiction and the Victorian 2. The 2. Sarah narrative Historiogr
history versus age Brooch Woodruff presences aphic
reality 2.Loss of faith in (symbol of (Tragedy) ambiguous metafictio
3.Story telling and authority deceit) 3. Ernestina story-teller n
morality Freeman sometimes. (Pastiche
4. Social convention Familiar of 19th
versus Freedom style/epigraph century
5. Class differences s Victorian
6.Sexuality and novel)
gender
7. Religion science
and evolution

The Magus 1.Search for 1. Trials and 1.Nicolas First person Novel-
1965/revised identity rituals Urfe subjective magic
1977 2. The uncertainty 2. Role-playing 2. Maurice narrator – realism/ex
of existence (open 3. Performances Conchis Nicholas Urfe istentialis
ending) (Greek m
3. Freedom and millionaire,
choice acts a
modern
Prospero)
3.Alison
4. Lily
Kurt Slaughterhous 1.The 1.”So it goes” 1.The bird 1.Billy The author Antiwar
AMERICAN Vonnegut e 5; or, The destructiveness of 2. The presence who says Pilgrim narrates both novel;
POSTMOD 1922-2007 Children’s war of the narrator ‘Poo-tee- in 1st and 3rd historical
ERNISM Crusade: A 2. The illusion of as a character weet’ person fiction;
Duty-Dance free will 2. The Pov: science-
with Death 3. The importance colours Omniscient fiction;
1969 of sight blue and narration semi-
ivory autobiogr
aphical
fiction