1st Quarter Reviewer
require moderate amount of
ICT 10
COMPUTER SYSTEM
INTODUCTION
Computer
- An electronic device, operating under
the control of instructions stored in its
own memory until that can accept data
and also information
System
- A regular interacting or
interdependent group of items forming
a unified information
CLASSIFICATION OF
COMPUTERS
Supercomputer
- Very expensive and very fast, and
most powerful computers in the world
- Ex: Scientific research centers
Mainframe Computer
- Powerful multi – users computer that
capable of supporting many of
hundreds of thousands of users
simultaneously
- Ex: Governments or Large
organization for bulk data processing
Minicomputer
- Are midsized multi – users computer
that are capable of supporting 4-200
users simultaneously
- Ex: Corporation
Workstation
- Are single users but powerful
computer, run by more powerful
microprocessor & monitor
engineering applications (CAD,
DESKTOP, PUBLISHING) that
computing power
Personal Computers
- Are also called microcomputers
because of their micro processors
- They are single user computers that
have a keyboard
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
STORE
Computer system
- Can be defined as a group of related
components of a computer that
interact to perform a task
- Tangible – can be touch
Hardware
- Is the physical aspect of computers
that you can actually touched
- Computer hardware typically consist
mainly of all the peripheral devices or
any piece that is attached to a
computer
COMPUTER HARDWARE
COMPONENTS
1. Input Devices
- An input device is any hardware
computer component that allows you
to enter data and instruction into a
computer
- Ex: keyboard, mouse, joystick
2. Output devices
- Conveys information to one or more
people who uses the computer
 - A hardware component that conveys
information
- Ex: projector, printer
3. Input/output Devices
- Are hardware devices that have the
capability to accept data and if
information and at the same time, send
them
- Ex: mobile devices, MP4
4. System Unit
- The system unit is a case that contains
electronics components of the
computer that are used to process data
5. Storage & Media Devices
- A computer keeps data, instructions &
information on storage media
- Keeps data & information
6. Communication Devices
- A communication devices is a
hardware components that enable a
computer to send (Transmit) and
receive data, instructions/ information
to form one or more computers
COMPUTER SYSTEM
COMPONENTS
HARDWARE
SOFTWARE
LIVEWARE
TABLEWARE
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
Computer Software
- The collection of computer programs
& related data that provide the
instructions telling a computer what to
do
Software components
- Graphical Users Interface (GUI)
- A person may interact with the
software using text graphics and usual
images such as icon
TYPES OF SOFTWARE
System Software
- Is a computer software that controls or
manages computer hardware so that
application software can perform
- Serves as the interface between the
users application software
Application software
- Design to carry out specialized task
for users
- A widely used type of application
software related to communication
- Web browser which allows users with
an internet connection to allow access
& view web page
- Popular application includes: world
processing software, presentation
graphing software
Word Processing Software
- Allows users to manipulate text, it is
used to create & edit test documemts
sample word
- Ex: Microsoft office word, adobe
acrobat, word perfect, open office,
ability write
Desktop Publishing Software
- Allows the user to create publication
documents on a computer
- Ex: microsoft office P.,
 Quark Expression, serif page plus,
print master, adobe page maker
Spreadsheet Software
- Is a computer application that
simulates a paper sheet
- Paper worksheet displays multiple
cells that together make up a grid
consisting of rows & columns, each
cells containing either alpha numeric
values samples
- Ex: Microsoft office excel, visicle,
apple numbers, open office org., G
numeric
Liveware/ Peopleware
- Refers to anything that has to do with
the role of people in the development
or use of computer software &
hardware system
ELECTRONIC DATA
PROCESSIG DEPARTMENT
Programmer
- Preparing the programs for entire
system
Computer Operator
- Involved in ensuring the proper
operations & setting up of processor
Data Entry Operator
- Converts data from source document
into a magnetic media for suitable for
input into a computer system
Database Administrator
- Creates a data dictionary that records
organization wide data definition &
standard
System Analyst
- In charge of system analysis, how
computer data processing can be
applied to specific used problems
Information system manager
- Focuses on internal activitio=es such
as system alanlysis & program
preparations
- Planning, organizing, implementing &
controlling
Dataware
- Data warehouse & central repository
of data which is created by
intergrafting data from multiple
disparate sources
2 TPYES OF SYSTEM
SOFTWARE
1. Operating System
- Is a set of programs that coordinates
all the activities among computer
hardware devices
- Provides communication with the
computer & other software
- Ex of windows series: windows CE,
eCOs Pro, Android
FOLLOWING TASK FOR
OPERATING SYSTEM:
 Booting
 Managing the storage media
 Providing user interface
 Managing computer resources
 Managing files
 Managing task
2. Utility Program
- Is a program that allows user to
perform maintenance type task usually
related to managing computer, its
device or its program
 FOLLOWING TASK FOR UTILITY - Image scanner, webcam, Graphics
PROGRAM tablet, barcode, printer
 Back up Audio
 Data recovery
- Microphone, speakers
 File defragmentation
 Disk repair Storage Devices
 Virus protection - Hard Disk, Solid – sate drive, raid
 Data compression array Controller, removable media
 Memory management
Communication Devices
- Modem, router, switch, hub
EXTERNAL &
INTERNALCOMPONENTS OF
THE COMPUTER SYSTEM UNIT
- The part of the computer that houses
Keyboard the primary devices that perform
- One of the primary input devices, it operation & produce results for
allows a computer to input letters, complex calculations
numbers & other symbols into a - Known as a chassis
computer
CPU
- It can also execute commands such as
saving or printing files - Central Processing Unit, or processor
as it is sometimes called
- Keys:
 Typing keypad - The main chip of the computer and
 Numeric keypad located on the mother board
 Function keys - Known as the “Brain of the
 Navigation keys Computer”
 Special keys
Motherboard
 Escape keys
- Logic board as it is known in
Monitor Macintosh computer
- A monitor or screen display - Contains RAM, CPU, expansion slots
information from the computer & the heat sink
- Ex: CRT, LCD, plasma, touch screen - Motherboard connects all
Mouse RAM
- Senses your motion and your clicks & - Random Access Memory, the main
send them to the computer so it can memory that stores data on the
respond appropriately computer
- GAMING DEVICES: joystick, - Type of volatile memory which means
gamepad, Game controller it requires electricity to store data,
Image & video Devices
 when the computer is powered down - Main hard drive is the master, slaves
all the memory is wiped out can be alternated by the switch known
- SRAM, DRAM & SO-DIMM RAM as jumper
has a similar ob like the RAM
Optical Devices
- 2 types DVD & CD ROM
ROM
- DVD: player that built into the base
- Read Only Memory, a computer unit. Allows the computer to run
memory which data has been DVD’s
prerecorded
- CD ROM: pressed optical compact
- Can’t remove only can read disc that contains data type of read
Power Supply only memory

- A unit that supplies all the computer Connectors

components which power (Electricity) - Connects to a peripheral device to a
- AC (Alternative Current) from the drive/ hardware component
main supply into DC - Mains today: USB, Fire wire & PS12
Fans Ports
- One of the main problems with - Viga
computer
- HDMI – video projector
- To cool down computer
- USB PORT – Standard cable
Adapter Cards connection
- Responsible of the sound: Sound card
- Displays show graphics: Video or
PC ASSEMBLY
Graphic Card - Tools:
1. Screw drivers
NIC Card 2. Brush
- Network interface Card, an adapter 3. Pliers
card that allows the computer to 4. Wire cutter
connect to a network 5. Soldering iron

FDD
PC ASSEMBLY GUIDELINES
- Floppy Disk Drive is a drive that can o In PC assemble and troubleshooting, one
read & write on a removable must prepare
magnetically coated Floppy disk 1. Screw drivers- to tighten/loosen the screws
2. Brush- to remove dust
- The rectangular disk 3. Pliers & wire cutter- use to bend and cut wires
4. Soldering iron- to attach some components
HDD
- Hard Disk Drive, is a drive that can
read and write on a magnetically
coated platter that spins at a high SECURITY & SAFETY IN PC
speed ASSEMBLY
 1) Keep your work area clean & proper
lighting
2) Wear non conductive apparel
3) Check for damaged parts
4) Unplug computers before opening the
case
5) Do not force the computer components
ports
6) Discharge electricity from your body by
touching grounded metal
7) Read the components for appropriate
handling
8) Return covering after installation
9) Remember that electronic components
should never be hot. If it turned hot, it
means that there is the problem with
the circuit & you need to disconnect the
power immediately
PC ASSEMBLY
PRECAUTIONS
1. Fully shutdown & unplug the computer
before you make any attempts to
disassemble the system unit
2. Take of any metal object on your arms or
finger such as bracelets, rings or watches.
Even your unit is unplugged there may be
still some remaining charge
3. Make sure your hands are completely dry
4. Work in a cool area to avoid perspiration
5. Before touching any parts within the power
put your hands against another metal surface
( such as the computer casing) to remove
static charge
6. Prepare a space to keep your screws to avoid
confusion of the same type of screws
7. Handle parts with care
8. If a component does not come out, don’t
forcefully remove it
9. Be careful in handling the motherboard
10. Never attempt to remove the power
source/supply
11. When removing cables/wires make sure to
hold the wire at the edge to avoid out
breakage
12. Be careful not to drop any small parts into
unreachable areas
13. Take note the 3 of the most damaging things
to a computer
- Moisture (sweat, drinking water)
- Shuck (electric/ from being dropped
- Dust (debris from household)
KEYPOINTS ON HADLING
COMPONENTS SAFETLY
1. Draw off electricity that may build up on
your hands before touching a sensitive part
2. Touch parts where they’re least sensitive
3. Always plan where you’ll set a component
before removing its electrostatic protection
pouch
COMPUTER ASSEMBLY
1. Open the Case
2. Install the power supply
3. Attach the components to the motherboard
4. Install the Motherboard
5. Install the Internal Drives
6. Install the drives from the External Bays
7. Install the Adapter Cards
8. Connect the Internal Cables
9. Attach the side panels
10. Connect all external cables from the
computer
COMPUTER DISASSEMBLY
1. Power off the System
2. Unplug the power cable
3. Disconnect all external cables from the
computer
4. Detach the side panels/ Open the case
5. Disconnect all internal cables
6. Uninstall the adapter cards
7. Uninstall the drives from the external bays
8. Uninstall the internal drives
9. Uninstall the Motherboard
10. Detach the components from the
Motherboard
11. Uninstall the Power Supply
OPERATING SYSTEM
- Integrated set of programs that
controls the resources of a computer
system
- Provides users with an interface/
virtual machine
- Makes a computer to actually work
- Enables all the programs we use
- Acts as an interface between the
application programs
STRUCTURE OF OS
1. Make sure a computer easier to use
- Holds details of hardware resources
from programmers and other users &
provides them with a convenient
interface for using a computer system
2. Manage the resources of a computer
system
- Manages all the resources of a
computer system. Efficient and fair
sharing of system resources among
users and/or programs is key goal of
all operating system
Structure of operating system
- 2 primary objectives of an operating
system
1. Make a computer system
easier to use
2. Manage the resources of the
computer system
Users
Other System
Operating System
Computer Hardware
MAIN FUNCTIONOF OS
Process Management
- Takes care of creation & deletion of
process & providing mechanism for
synchronization and communication
among processes
Memory Management
- Takes care of allocation & de –
allocation of memory spaces to
programs
File management
- Takes care of file related activities
such as organizing, storage, retrieval,
names sharing, and protection of files
Security
- Protects resources the resources and
information of a computer system
against destruction and unauthorized
access
Command Interpretation
- Interpreting user commands, and
directing system resources to process
the commands
- 2 types of user interface:
1. Command Line: user interacts to
the OS by typing command to
specific task
2. Graphical User Interface:
interacts by using a mouse to
access windows, icons and menu
POPULAR OPERATING
SYSTEM
Single User System
- Associated with desk top operating
system which run on scandal one
systems where no user accounts are
required
 - Ex: DOS
Multi User System
- Provides access for a number of users
by maintaining a database of known
users
- Can support 2 or more simultaneous
users
- Ex: Microsoft windows
INSTALLING OPERATING
SYSTEM
1. Turn on your computer press Del/F2
(system bios)
2. Go to boot menu and choose boot from
CD/DVD
3. Press F10 to save the setting of BIOS
4. Insert windows DVD into your DVD
Drive then start up your computer
“windows 7 will be loading Files
5. Select your language, time & currency
formal, keyboard/ input method and
click NEXT
6. Click install Now
7. Check “I accept the license terms &
click next”
8. Click upgrade if you already have a
previous windows version, custom if
you want to make any partitions
9. Skip step if you choose upgrade. If you
want to make any partitions. Click drive
options, make partitions and click next
10. It will now start installing windows 7
copying windows file
11. Expanding windows file
12. The 3rd installing features, 4th installing
updates will be done
13. Computer will restart
14. Computer will continue the set up
(completing Windows Installation
15. Computer will restart
16. Set desired computer/ user name
17. Set password
18. Type your product key of your OS
19. Select windows update – recommended
setting
20. Set the time & network connection
COMPUTER HARDWARE
TROUBLESHOOTING
GUIDES:
1. Don’t panic. Relax. Take a breath
2. Make sure there is really a problem.
Check the basics if it doesn’t open:
Check the cables, connectors
and some cords
If you are using a power
strips/Surge protector, make
sure it’s on & working
Try plugging something else
into the electrical outlet
Make sure monitor is
open/turned on
3. Can’t connect to internet?
Check to see if anyone is also
having the similar problem. If
so, there may be a service
outage
Check to make sure network
cable is connected
Try to restart modem/ router
Try to switch cables from
monitor to router
4. Error Messages- Write them down
Error code/ messages displayed
on screen
5. Think about what changed recently
on your computer
Try to pinpoint the trouble first
You might changed the setting
6. The computer is on but frozen
screen?
Press num lock key, if not
working, restart computer
7. The “Blue Screen” has appeared
 Reboot computer - Adjust the H-Size, H-Phase or V-Size,
Reformat system V-Center controls. Check if the
8. The computer is on, but no sound signal timing of the computer
system is within the specification of
Try to check settings & speaker
the monitor.
cord/s
9. Computer is on but Keyboard does 4. The screen is too bright or too dark
not work
- Check if the Brightness or contrast
Check cord/s control is at the appropriate
10. CTRL – ALT – DEL (Restart keys) position, not at the maximum or
11. Rebooting can do wonders, do not just minimum.
pull the plug - Check if the specified voltage is
applied
- Check if the signal timing of the
BEEP CODES computer system is within the
- The beep pattern is telling you what specification of the monitor.
part of the hardware is failing. - Especially, check the horizontal
1 Short Beep – computer is ok frequency.

Continuous Beep – RAM Problem 5. The screen is shaking

- Move all objects that emit a
1 Long & 3 Short Beep – Video error
magnetic field, such as a motor or
transformer, away from the
monitor.
TROUBLESHOOTING TIPS - Check if the specified voltage is
FOR NEW MONITORS applied.
1. The picture does not appear - Check if the signal timing of the
- Check to make sure the signal cable computer system is within the
is firmly connected in the socket specification of the monitor.
- Check to see if the computer
system’s power is ON
- Check that the Brightness Control is TROUBLESHOOTING TIPS
at the appropriate position, not at
the minimum
FOR NEW MONITOR
System has no power at all. Power light
2. The screen is not synchronized does not illuminate, fan inside the
- Check to make sure the signal cable power supplydoes not turn on, and
is firmly connected in the socket indicator light on keyboard does not
- Check that the output level matches turn on.
the input level of your computer PROBABLE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
- Make sure the signal timing of the CAUSE
computer system is within the Power cable Visually Make sure
specification of the monitor is unplugged inspect power cable
power cable is securely
3. The position is not in the center plugged in
Defective Visual Replace
power cable inspection, cable normally
try another Repeat
cable until you
Power supply Power cable Contact have
failure and wall technical located
Contact support defective
technical unit
socket are
OK, but
support
system is still
dead. Defective Turn Make sure
Faulty wall Plug device Use different expansion computer expansion card
outlet;circuit into socket socket, card off is secure in
breaker or know to repair outlet, Remove an expansion
fuse blown work and reset circuit expansion socket
test. breakeror card
replace fuse. System does not boot from hard disk
System inoperative. Keyboard lights drive, can be booted from floppy disk
are on, power indicator lights are lit, drive.
and hard drive is spinning.
PROBABLE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
PROBABLE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION CAUSE
CAUSE Connector When Check cable
Expansion Turn off Using even between attempting to running form
card is your prssure on both hard drive run the FDISK disk to disk
partially computer ends of the and system utility controller on
dislodge Take cover expanssioncard, board described in the board.
from off system press down unplugged the HARD DISK Make sure
expansion unit firmly on section of the both ends
slot on the Check all expansion card manual you get are securely
motherboard expansion a message, plugged in;
cards INVALID DRIVE check the
ensure they SPECIFICATION drive type in
are the Standard
securely CMOS Setup
seated card (in your
Defective Turn Contact motherboard
floppy disk system off technical manual)
drive or tape Disconnect support Damaged Format hard Contact
drive the cables hard disk disk; if unable technical
from one of or disk to do so, the support
the floppy controller hard disk may
drives be defective
Turn on the Hard disk Run the FDISK Backing up
system, directory of program, the hard
check if the FAT is format the hard drive is
keyboard scrambled drive (see extremely
operates HARD DRIVE important.
 section All hard disk (see hard disk
manual). Copy are capable section of
your backup of breaking your manual
data back onto down at any for
hard drive time instructions).
Re-install all
System only boots from Floppy Disk. saved data
Hard Disk can be read and when
applicationscan be used, but booting competed
from Hard Disk is impossible.
Disk formatted on IBM PS/2 will
Error message reading "SECTOR NOT not operate with this system.
FOUND" or other error
messagesindication certain data is not PROBABLE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
allowed to be retrieved. CAUSE
The IBM IBM PS/2 Format disk
PROBABLE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
PS/2 uses a format will in the AT
CAUSE
dipperent not work at type
Hard disk A number of Back up data format that AT type computer
boot causes could and othe computer insert disk
program has be behind application computer into the IBM
been this files. PS/2 and
destroyed Reformat the copy the files
hard drive as you wish
described in
the hard After install an expansion card
drive section (network card, tape drive card,
of the etc.) the system no longer works
manual. Re- properly
install
application PROBABLE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
and data CAUSE
using backup No power to All or part of Change the
disks monitor the system interrupt or
may be RAM address
Error message reading "SECTOR inoperable. on the new
NOT FOUND" or other error The new expansion
messages indication certain data is card may card. See the
not allowed to be retrieved. work but a documentation
mouse or that came with
PROBABLE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
COM port the new card
CAUSE
may not in order to
A number of Usa a file by Back up any work change pin
causes could file backup salvageable settings many
be behind instead of an data. Then do expansion
this image a low level devises come
backup to format, with
backup the partition, and proprietery
hard disk high level software that
format of the will assis you
hard drive in doing this
 Memory Reboot
Screen message says “invalid
Problem, computer ,
configuration” or “CMOS failure”
display card re-install
PROBABLE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION jumpers are not memory
CAUSE set correctly
Incorrect Check the Review Computer virus Use anti-
information configuration system’s virus
entered into program. equipment. program
the Replace any Make sure Screen goes blank periodically
configuratuon incorrect correct
program information information PROABLE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
is in setup CAUSE
Screen saver Disable screen
Screen is blank
enabled saver
PROBABLE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION Keyboard failure
CAUSE
No power to Power Plug the power PROBABLE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
monitor connectors connectors. CAUSE
may be Make sure the Keyboard is Make sure Connect the
loose or not monitor is disconnected the keyboard keyboard
plugged in connected to is connected properly
display card,
change I/O No color on screen
address on
PROBABLE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
network card
CAUSE
Monitor not See instruction
Faulty Connect the
connceted to above
monitor monitor to
computer
another system
Network See instruction
CMOS Call technical
card I/O above
incorrectly support
address
set up
conflict
Error reading drive A
System does not boot from hard
dsk drive, can be booted from PROBABLE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
floppy disk drive CAUSE
PROBABLE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION Bad floppy Try new
CAUSE disk floppy disk
Connector Invalid drive Make sure Floppy disk Format floppy
between specification they are not formatted disk
hard drive securely C: drive failure
and system plugged in
board PROBABLE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
unplugged CAUSE
SETUP Boot from
Problem program does drive A
not have correct
PROBABLE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
info.
CAUSE
 Hard drive Connect the
cable not cable properly
connected
properly
Cannot boot system after installing
second hard drive

PROBABLE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

CAUSE
Master/slave Set
jumpers not master/slave
set correctly jumpers
correctly
Hard Drives Run SETUP
not compatible program and
select correct
drive types
Missing operating system on hard
drive

PROBABLE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

CAUSE
CMOS setup Run setup and
has been select correct
changed drive type
Keyboard is locked, no keys
functions

PROBABLE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

CAUSE
Keys jammed Replace
or defective keyboard
Keyboard is locked, no keys
function

PROBABLE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

CAUSE
Keyboard is Unlock
locked keyboard