54

►General:

I. The design of slab is undertaken considering one panel at time. ►Loads to be consider:
Each panel is supported on all four sides with beams/girders.
→ Weight of slab
II. The Analysis two-way slab systems are established using Coefficient → Weight of ceilling
design method wherein a set of coefficiets is used to determine the → Weight tiles
design moments at critical sections. → Weight due to live load
→ Weight of covering
Case Description
1 All four edges discontinuous ►For Dead load
2 All four edges continuous
3 Two long edges discontinuous Material
4 One long and short edges discontinuous Reinforced Concrete (Table 2
5 Two short edges discontinuous Ceramic or quarry tile (Table 2
6 Two short and one long discontinuous Fibrous Glass (Table 204-2
7 Two long and one short discontinuos Bituminous gravel-covered (Tabl
8 One long edges discontinuous
9 One short edges discontinuous ►For Live load

III. Section 408.10.2.5 All loads shall be due to gravity only CATEGORY
and uniformly distributed over entire panel. Dinning rooms and Restaurants
(Table 205-1)
IV. Section 408.10.2.6 Unfactored live load shall not exceed Office ( Table 205-1)
two times the unfactored dead load.
Determination of Cover:
2.1 Design Data:
Assumed diameter of main reinforc
Assumed concrete compressive strength fć = 21 MPa Minimum cover for slab from Sect
Steel yield strength A955, fy = 280 MPa
Effective depth, da = thickness of s
Effective depth, db = thickness of s

2.2 Analysis and Design Positive Moment at Midspan, Ms:

In section 408.10.2.3 provides that the panel shall �_𝑠= 𝐶_𝐷𝐿 𝑊_𝑈𝐷𝐿 𝐿^2+ 𝐶
be rectangular with the ratio longer to shorter panel dimension,
measured center to center of supports not to exceed 2. where: CDL = Coefficient will
CLL = Coefficient will
Check the slab if it's One way slab or Two way slab.
Negative Moment at Discontinupus
[𝐿𝑙/𝐿𝑤=𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜" " ] <2.0
Two way slab :
�_𝑑 = −1/3
�_𝑠
[𝐿𝑙/𝐿𝑤=𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜" " ] >2.0
 55

[𝐿𝑙/𝐿𝑤=𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜" " ] >2.0

One way slab : 2.2.3 Design of Reinforcement

where: Minimum Thickness, t:

LL= Length of panel
Lw = Width of panel t=
𝑃/180
2.2.1 Panel Analysis where: P = 2LL + 2LW

Effective span, LL = 8m Steel Ratio, ρ

Effective span, LW = 7m
�_𝑚𝑖� = 1.4/𝑓�
[𝐿𝑙/𝐿𝑤=1.14" " ] <2.0

�_� = 0.85𝑓ć𝛽600/
∴ Thus, the panel is two-way slab system. (𝑓�(600+𝑓�))
�_𝑚𝑎� = 3/7
Negative Moment at Continuous Edges, Mc: [0.85𝑓ć𝛽/𝑓�]

Wu = 1.2DL + 1.6LL
Mc = -CWuL²
Where:
C = Coefficient will be obtained from the table

Top bars at continuous edges for Area of reinforcement steel

�_𝑠=��𝑑
compute tension reinforcement index
��=𝜙𝑓^′ 𝑐�𝑑^2 𝜔(1−0.59𝜔) Spacing at middle and column strip
�_𝑠=(𝜋/4 𝐷^2 𝐿)/�_𝑠
where:
Mu=can be calculated at 4.2 ;Mc
𝜙=0.90 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒�𝑠𝑖𝑜� 𝑐𝑜�𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 Cs = 1.5Ms

for steel ratio Top bars at discontinuous edges

�=𝜔 (𝑓^′ 𝑐)/𝑓� Use � if
�_𝑚𝑖�<�<�_𝑚𝑎� compute tension reinforcement ind
��=𝜙𝑓^′ 𝑐�𝑑^2 𝜔(1−0.59𝜔
for Area of reinforcement steel
�_𝑠=��𝑑 where: Mu=can be calculated a

Spacing at middle and column strip for steel ratio

where: �=𝜔 (𝑓^′ 𝑐)/𝑓�
�_𝑠=(𝜋/4 𝐷^2 𝐿)/�_𝑠
D=assumed steel diameter to be used
L=1000 mm
Cs = 1.5Ms for Area of reinforcement steel
�_𝑠=��𝑑
 56

Bottom bars at midspan Spacing at middle and column strip

�_𝑠=(𝜋/4 𝐷^2 𝐿)/�_𝑠
compute tension reinforcement index
��=𝜙𝑓^′ 𝑐�𝑑^2 𝜔(1−0.59𝜔)
Cs = 1.5Ms
where: Limitation of spacing for reinforce
Mu=can be calculated at 4.2 ;Ms
𝜙=0.90 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒�𝑠𝑖𝑜� 𝑐𝑜�𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 �<2𝑡<450
�<2𝑡<450
for steel ratio
�=𝜔 (𝑓^′ 𝑐)/𝑓� Use � if the spacing of the reinforcement of
�_𝑚𝑖�<�<�_𝑚𝑎� the Section 408.7.2.2 provided by
 57

Shear and Moment coefficient

to be consider:
Negative Moments at continues edges:
Table 2-1
Case # 1 2
la/Lb Cs Cl Cs
t due to live load 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.045
0.950 0.000 0.000 0.050
0.900 0.000 0.000 0.055
0.850 0.000 0.000 0.060
0.800 0.000 0.000 0.065
Material Unit Density Units 0.750 0.000 0.000 0.069
forced Concrete (Table 204-1) 23.6 kN/m³ 0.700 0.000 0.000 0.074
mic or quarry tile (Table 204-2) 1.1 kN/m² 0.650 0.000 0.000 0.077
Fibrous Glass (Table 204-2) 0.0021 kN/m² 0.600 0.000 0.000 0.081
nous gravel-covered (Table 204-2) 0.26 kN/m² 0.550 0.000 0.000 0.084
0.500 0.000 0.000 0.086

Dead load Positve Moments

CATEGORY DESCRIPTION Uniform Loads Table 2-3
rooms and Restaurants Case # 1 2
- 4.80 kN/m²
(Table 205-1) la/Lb Cs Cl Cs
ice ( Table 205-1) Lobbies and ground floor corridors 4.80 kN/m² 1.00 0.036 0.036 0.018
0.95 0.040 0.033 0.02
ation of Cover: 0.90 0.045 0.029 0.022
0.85 0.050 0.026 0.024
diameter of main reinforcement: 16 mm 0.80 0.056 0.023 0.026
m cover for slab from Section 420.6.120 mm 0.75 0.061 0.019 0.028
0.70 0.068 0.016 0.030
depth, da = thickness of slab - Concrete cover - half of diameter bar 0.65 0.074 0.013 0.032
depth, db = thickness of slab - Concrete cover - half of diameter bar - diameter ba 0.60 0.081 0.010 0.034
0.55 0.068 0.008 0.035
0.50 0.095 0.006 0.037
Moment at Midspan, Ms:
Live load Positve Moments
𝑠= 𝐶_𝐷𝐿 𝑊_𝑈𝐷𝐿 𝐿^2+ 𝐶_𝐿𝐿 𝑊_𝑈𝐷𝐿 𝐿^2 Table 2-4
Case # 1 2
CDL = Coefficient will be obtained from the table la/Lb Cs Cl Cs
CLL = Coefficient will be obtained from the table 1.000 0.036 0.036 0.027
0.950 0.040 0.033 0.030
Moment at Discontinupus Edges, Md: 0.900 0.045 0.029 0.034
0.850 0.050 0.026 0.037
�_𝑑 = −1/3 0.800 0.056 0.023 0.041
�_𝑠
0.750 0.061 0.019 0.045
 58

ign of Reinforcement 0.700 0.068 0.016 0.049

0.650 0.074 0.013 0.053
Thickness, t: 0.600 0.081 0.010 0.058
0.550 0.088 0.008 0.062
0.500 0.095 0.006 0.066

Shear coefficients
Table 2-5
where: Case no.: 1 2
β (NSCP 2015 Table 422.2.2.4.3) Ratio Wa Wb Wa
𝑚𝑖� = 1.4/𝑓� 1.000 0.500 0.500 0.500
if 17 ≤ f'c ≤ 28 use β=0.85 0.950 0.550 0.450 0.550
�_� = 0.85𝑓ć𝛽600/ 0.900 0.600 0.400 0.600
(𝑓�(600+𝑓�)) if 28 < f'c < 55 ((0.05(𝑓^′ 𝑐−28))/7) 0.850 0.660 0.340 0.660
use β=0.85
�_𝑚𝑎� = 3/7 0.800 0.710 0.290 0.710
[0.85𝑓ć𝛽/𝑓�] if f'c ≥ 55 use β=0.65 0.750 0.760 0.240 0.760
0.700 0.810 0.190 0.810
0.650 0.850 0.150 0.850
0.600 0.890 0.110 0.890
0.550 0.920 0.080 0.920
0.500 0.940 0.060 0.940

of reinforcement steel
SLAB CASE

t middle and column strip

Case 1
where: D=assumed steel diameter to be used all four edges discontinuous
L=1000 mm

at discontinuous edges

ension reinforcement index

𝜙𝑓^′ 𝑐�𝑑^2 𝜔(1−0.59𝜔)

𝜙=0.90 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒�𝑠𝑖𝑜� 𝑐𝑜�𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑

Mu=can be calculated at 4.2 ;Md
Case 5
two short edges
discontinuous
Use � if
�_𝑚𝑖�<�<�_𝑚𝑎�

of reinforcement steel
 discontinuous

59

t middle and column strip

where: D=assumed steel diameter to be used

L=1000 mm

n of spacing for reinforcement S

at critical section
at other section

ng of the reinforcement of the slab must satisfy the

on 408.7.2.2 provided by the NSCP 2015
 60

continues edges:

2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Cl Cs Cl Cs Cl Cs Cl Cs Cl Cs Cl Cs
0.045 0.000 0.076 0.050 0.050 0.075 0.000 0.071 0.000 0.000 0.071 0.033
0.041 0.000 0.072 0.055 0.045 0.079 0.000 0.075 0.000 0.000 0.067 0.038
0.037 0.000 0.070 0.060 0.040 0.800 0.000 0.079 0.000 0.000 0.062 0.043
0.031 0.000 0.065 0.066 0.034 0.082 0.000 0.083 0.000 0.000 0.057 0.049
0.027 0.000 0.061 0.071 0.029 0.083 0.000 0.086 0.000 0.000 0.051 0.055
0.022 0.000 0.056 0.076 0.024 0.085 0.000 0.088 0.000 0.000 0.044 0.061
0.017 0.000 0.050 0.081 0.019 0.086 0.000 0.091 0.000 0.000 0.038 0.068
0.014 0.000 0.043 0.085 0.015 0.087 0.000 0.093 0.000 0.000 0.031 0.074
0.010 0.000 0.035 0.089 0.011 0.088 0.000 0.095 0.000 0.000 0.024 0.080
0.007 0.000 0.028 0.092 0.008 0.089 0.000 0.096 0.000 0.000 0.019 0.085
0.006 0.000 0.022 0.094 0.006 0.090 0.000 0.097 0.000 0.000 0.014 0.089

ve Moments

2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Cl Cs Cl Cs Cl Cs Cl Cs Cl Cs Cl Cs
0.018 0.018 0.027 0.027 0.027 0.027 0.018 0.033 0.027 0.027 0.033 0.020
0.016 0.021 0.025 0.03 0.024 0.028 0.015 0.036 0.024 0.031 0.031 0.022
0.014 0.025 0.024 0.033 0.022 0.029 0.013 0.039 0.021 0.035 0.028 0.025
0.012 0.029 0.022 0.036 0.019 0.031 0.011 0.042 0.017 0.040 0.025 0.029
0.011 0.034 0.02 0.039 0.016 0.032 0.009 0.045 0.015 0.045 0.022 0.032
0.009 0.040 0.018 0.043 0.013 0.033 0.007 0.048 0.012 0.051 0.020 0.036
0.007 0.046 0.016 0.046 0.011 0.035 0.005 0.051 0.009 0.058 0.017 0.040
0.006 0.054 0.014 0.05 0.009 0.036 0.004 0.054 0.007 0.065 0.014 0.044
0.004 0.062 0.011 0.053 0.007 0.037 0.003 0.056 0.006 0.073 0.012 0.048
0.003 0.071 0.009 0.056 0.005 0.038 0.002 0.058 0.004 0.081 0.009 0.052
0.002 0.080 0.007 0.059 0.004 0.039 0.001 0.061 0.003 0.089 0.007 0.056

ve Moments

2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Cl Cs Cl Cs Cl Cs Cl Cs Cl Cs Cl Cs
0.027 0.027 0.032 0.032 0.032 0.032 0.027 0.035 0.032 0.032 0.035 0.028
0.025 0.031 0.029 0.035 0.029 0.034 0.024 0.038 0.029 0.036 0.032 0.031
0.022 0.035 0.027 0.039 0.026 0.037 0.021 0.042 0.025 0.040 0.029 0.035
0.019 0.040 0.024 0.043 0.023 0.041 0.019 0.046 0.022 0.045 0.026 0.040
0.017 0.045 0.022 0.048 0.020 0.044 0.016 0.051 0.019 0.051 0.023 0.044
0.014 0.051 0.019 0.052 0.016 0.047 0.013 0.055 0.016 0.056 0.020 0.049
 61

0.012 0.057 0.014 0.057 0.014 0.051 0.011 0.060 0.013 0.063 0.017 0.054
0.010 0.064 0.016 0.062 0.011 0.055 0.009 0.064 0.010 0.070 0.014 0.059
0.007 0.071 0.011 0.067 0.009 0.059 0.007 0.068 0.008 0.077 0.011 0.065
0.006 0.080 0.009 0.072 0.007 0.063 0.005 0.073 0.006 0.085 0.009 0.070
0.004 0.088 0.007 0.077 0.005 0.067 0.004 0.078 0.005 0.092 0.007 0.076

ficients

3 4 5 6 7 8
Wb Wa Wb Wa Wb Wa Wb Wa Wb Wa Wb Wa
0.500 0.170 0.830 0.500 0.500 0.830 0.170 0.710 0.290 0.290 0.710 0.330
0.450 0.200 0.800 0.550 0.450 0.860 0.140 0.750 0.250 0.330 0.670 0.380
0.400 0.230 0.770 0.600 0.400 0.880 0.120 0.790 0.210 0.380 0.620 0.430
0.340 0.280 0.720 0.660 0.340 0.900 0.100 0.830 0.170 0.430 0.570 0.490
0.290 0.330 0.670 0.710 0.290 0.920 0.080 0.860 0.140 0.490 0.510 0.550
0.240 0.390 0.610 0.760 0.240 0.940 0.060 0.880 0.120 0.560 0.440 0.610
0.190 0.450 0.550 0.810 0.190 0.950 0.050 0.910 0.090 0.620 0.380 0.680
0.150 0.530 0.470 0.850 0.150 0.960 0.040 0.930 0.070 0.690 0.310 0.740
0.110 0.610 0.390 0.890 0.110 0.970 0.030 0.950 0.050 0.760 0.240 0.800
0.080 0.690 0.310 0.920 0.080 0.980 0.020 0.960 0.040 0.810 0.190 0.850
0.060 0.760 0.240 0.940 0.060 0.990 0.010 0.970 0.030 0.860 0.140 0.890

se 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4

discontinuous all four edges continuous two long edges one long and one short
discontinuous edges discontinuous

se 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8

rt edges two short and one long two long and one short one long edge discontinuo
tinuous discontinuous discontinuous
tinuous discontinuous discontinuous

62

Case 9
one short edge discontinous
 63

8 9
Cl Cs Cl
0.061 0.061 0.033
0.056 0.065 0.029
0.052 0.068 0.025
0.046 0.072 0.021
0.041 0.075 0.017
0.036 0.078 0.014
0.029 0.081 0.011
0.024 0.083 0.008
0.018 0.085 0.006
0.014 0.086 0.005
0.010 0.088 0.003

8 9
Cl Cs Cl
0.023 0.023 0.020
0.021 0.024 0.017
0.019 0.026 0.015
0.017 0.028 0.013
0.015 0.029 0.010
0.013 0.031 0.007
0.011 0.033 0.006
0.009 0.034 0.005
0.007 0.036 0.004
0.005 0.037 0.003
0.004 0.038 0.002

8 9
Cl Cs Cl
0.030 0.030 0.028
0.027 0.032 0.025
0.024 0.036 0.022
0.022 0.039 0.020
0.019 0.042 0.017
0.016 0.046 0.013
 64

0.014 0.050 0.011

0.011 0.054 0.009
0.009 0.059 0.007
0.007 0.063 0.006
0.005 0.067 0.004

9
Wb Wa Wb
0.670 0.670 0.330
0.620 0.710 0.290
0.570 0.750 0.250
0.510 0.790 0.210
0.450 0.830 0.170
0.390 0.860 0.140
0.320 0.890 0.110
0.260 0.920 0.080
0.200 0.940 0.060
0.150 0.950 0.050
0.110 0.970 0.030

Case 4
ne long and one short
edges discontinuous

Case 8
long edge discontinuous
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