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Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
and services are exchanged for one another or for money. Business means an
manufacturing and rendering auxiliary services to trade. The formula for business
success requires two elements the individual and the environment. The term
business exists.
brings together all the uncontrollable factors with a global impact, and it is related
managed to avoid the severe fall out from the regional financial crisis partly
because it has barely recovered from the past spending and investment binge
and banking crisis of the 1970s and 1980s. The short-term stabilization program
(1986–1991) have begun to bear fruit. Trade, investment, and financial sector
policy reform and the privatization program (more vigorously implemented during
the administration of President Fidel V. Ramos who came to office in May 1992)
have revived private sector investment because the reforms have significantly cut
the costs of doing business and raised productivity and efficiency. The new public
and private sector investment helped ease the infrastructure constraints in the
economy, including the power crisis during 1992–1993. This and the restoration
of peace and order and political stability have improved the investment climate.
In addition with his study, “The economic reform has been designed to
international markets for goods and services, labor markets, and financial
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suppress aggregate demand, economy wide reforms in all three markets, and
real peso appreciation has helped control inflation rate. The reforms in the
market for goods and services included the phasing out of price and quantitative
policies to reduce levels and variance of levies and taxes on domestic trade and
exports. “
Every business operates in an environment and each business unit has its
regulations. The business environment can include factors such as clients and
government activities and market, social and economic trends. Another expert
has defined business environment as the forces, factors and institutions with
supplier, competitor and the government. There are two more factors, which
keep pace with it, businessmen should be ever alert to adopt changed
its economic environment. Business obtains all its needed inputs from the
The researchers found out that Uhaw is a Filipino term means thirst
because before, this place has no water supply and the place was describe as a
dessert like one. Due to this the people living in Uhaw used to go in far places
just to get water. Before, this place was part of Barangay Tambler of the same
city. Years later, it was isolated from the former barangay and stood as an
independent one which made it one of the most develop place in General Santos
City. Many big and one of a kind institutions were built on the said barangay
By these claims, the researchers is eager to find out what are the Macro-
Uhaw, General Santos City, what are the impact of these macro issues to the
businesses and how do business owners deal with these issues or what are the
business environment does the Barangay Fatima, Uhaw, General Santos City
Fatima, Uhaw, General Santos City. There would be twenty (40) business owners
The following are the beneficiaries of the study and their benefits.
to put up a business and investment where they can ensure a lot of consumers
Residents. It can promote their community to the business man who has
a plan on having a business in their area. A lot of establishment in their area, a lot
be widen. Through this study, the researchers would know the possible factors
that can affect in building a business in the said barangay. They can also justify
Definition of Terms
To better understand the terms used in this study, the following are
significant impact on how an organization does business and also how profitable they
are. Factors include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates, inflation, disposable
the firm, conceptually, it refers to certain external factors that affect a firm
and its business. Such factors are not a part of the firm’s immediate
These are all about how and to what degree a government intervenes in the economy.
This can include – government policy, political stability or instability in overseas markets,
foreign trade policy, tax policy, labour law, environmental law, trade restrictions and so on.
Technology. It affect marketing and the management thereof in three distinct ways
such as new ways of producing goods and services, new ways of distributing goods and services,
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and new ways of communicating with target markets. Conceptually, refers to methods,
systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being
Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
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sharing and intranets. It introduces the framework for the case study that
comprises the main focus of the research described in this thesis. This chapter
introduces some of this literature, its theories and findings in a way that will
inform the reading of the empirical work presented in the following chapters. This
review was written after the field study and analysis, so the comment and
development of the ideas is not only a reflection on the literature, but also on
A. Theoretical Framework
The theoretical framework adapted for this study is (Johnson et al., (2008)
made up of macro external factors, industry factors and competitors and markets.
B. Related Literature
Macro-Business Environment
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research. However, while institutional theory has proven highly useful, its use
institutional theory to both understand the current status of the field, its
summarize and discuss the articles in this special issue and how they
literature to understand the current status of the field and preparation for the
regards with the organization to scan their marketing environment t deal with
explain the external factor including: PESTEL analysis and internal factor
intermediaries.
and future implications. The structure of the analytical tools employed to view
that the macro environment implies that organizations are reactive to their
analysis can be biased in terms of the level of focus given to different factors
for businesses in analyzing the macro environment for the developments and
where business process and activities are implemented the quality of the
Vallejo (2008), “During the last 30 years, environmental issues have become
Socio-Economic Status
claim that these businesses definitely improve the quality of life of the
people, there is a need not only to determine both the positive impact, but
should also identify means to mitigate adverse effects the balance between
the economic gains and negative effects to the community. The local
the local government’s business plan for Balagtas that will promote long term
Political
Despite these efforts, decades of scientific monitoring indicate that the words
domestic and foreign affects the business as a result from the policies of
became hyper-competitive.
Economic
(2010), “The world experienced a dramatic increase in food and fuel prices
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during the first half of 2008. International nominal prices of all major food
commodities reached their highest levels while prices in real terms were
highest. The FAO food price index increased by 53% for the first three
months of 2008 compared to the same three months in the previous year.
The rising prices of food is led by vegetable oils, which increased by more
than 97%, followed by grains, which increased by about 87%. The current
not just a few but of nearly all major food and feed commodities. The
worrisome precisely because it is expected to hurt the poor the most.” A rise
consumers with low income. On the other hand, inflation has a positive
business' profit.
maintained and improve to retain old ones and attract new customers
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According to Zoran Jovanovic (2015), “Managers must pursue what they already
know which means, refer in existing knowledge in order to develop the capabilities and
competencies that will provide to there firms a competitive advantage. “. Manager must
chased there plans in order to develop the capabilities and competencies of the business
systems to ensure that they reflect their current environment and strategies.
ensure that their performances continue to give help and reflect in their
B. Related Studies
Foreign Studies
inflation rate can positively influence the stock price growth among
and stock prices, whether or not income can survive the effect of inflation ,
rate they are the factors why investors took as a hedge against their
John Kitching, Mark Hart and Nick Wilson (2015). “This study
indirectly via relationships with the wide range of close and distant
taxpayer in relation to the tax authorities, other public bodies and their
relations with other taxpayers. Not only techniques or can be aligned and
effort is what counts the most sensitive indicator reactions taxpayers. the
factors amidst which it functions. Three features are common to this web of
competition. Yet it is easy to view competition too narrowly and too pessimistically. While
Local Studies
developing countries in southern Asia. Such city confront more pressing problem than
those in the developed world and have fewer source to deal with them. The study first
consider the urban issues, property alleviation, industry, transportation, energy, water,
sewage and sanitation, finance and the purposes of 5 year plan to help solve the urban
provide solution in real problems in major developing city in southern Asia countries.
Such city confront more pressing problems than those in the developed world and
dealing fewer sources. It consider the urban issues first, property alleviation, industry,
transportation, energy, water, sewage and sanitation, finance and the purpose of 5 years
plan to solve the urban environmental problem in metro manila where over 24 million
people inhabited.
of larger strategic changes, although they sometimes take place on their own.
C. Research Gap
The researchers studied the economic status of a certain place based on demographic,
needs of people, and the status of their living. On the contrary, Saini (2010) focused on the
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) which only discussed about the investment of the foreign
Dou (2015), the central point of the study is on employees. For the study of Diaz (2015),
it only about on the organizational change occurs when a company makes a transition from its
The study of David J. Edelman (2016) is based only on contemporaneous thinking and
Chapter III
METHODOLOGY
scheme. It presents the methods that have been used in this study. It is also the
problem.
Research Design
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concerns itself with understanding and interpreting the meaning that participants
give to their everyday life. This design deals with data that is primarily verbal and
City. The researchers made a questionnaire for the collection of data and data
the importance of the study, purpose of the study and a confidentiality. After the
questions regarding with their business. As a result, the researchers will analyze,
interpret and gather the information and data obtain from business owners or
Participants
managers and the citizens of Barangay Fatima, Uhaw, General Santos City.
managers is that, at least handled a business for two(2) consecutive years. And
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the age must range only from 30 years old to 55 years old. Second it does not
matter if the gender is male or female. But what matter, participants with current
alcohol or drug problem were excluded. The participant is only forty (40)
individuals. The same criteria and requirement for the citizens of the barangay
Southernmost and 15th -most populous city in the Philippines. Its geographical
Santos City because it is one of the urbanized barangay in the city. The
researchers come up with this location because there are lots of establishments
and businesses there that they could refer on and where they could gather
Sampling Design
because of their convenient accessibility and proximity to the researcher and it is made up of
Interview Scheme
Interviews are particularly useful for setting the story behind a participants’
problems using the information gathered in the interview. Here are the
accomplishment of the study and what are the main objectives of the said
study.
oriented. The important informations that are not applicable to public must
be concealed.
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order for them to spend their time the researchers is responsible for the
time management.
eatery owners. They take responsibility that someone bring along with
taking notes.
Data Collection
This section, outlines some of the key considerations that may arise
during various steps in the data collection process. Data collection is a process
Regardless of the field of the study or preference of defining data, accurate data
answer. Before the questionnaire was given to the participants of the study, these
questionnaire was being signed and validated by the professionals. Then the
letter of validation for us the researchers to conduct the data collection. Then in
choosing who would be the participant, the researchers uses convenience sampling
which is a non-probability sampling technique where subjects are selected because of their
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convenient accessibility and proximity to the researcher and it is made up of people who are
easy to reach.
give the questionnaires, before giving the questionnaires, the participants signed
first the cover letter of the questionnaire which stated the purpose, the
importance and the confidentiality of the letter and study. Then after, the
Lastly, after answering the questionnaire, the researchers will read their
answers and then, based on their answers, the researchers will ask some follow
researchers.
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Ethical Consideration
Research studies are not easy to conduct because these activities also
researchers for aiming and securing the reliability and validity of the researcher
findings. These can undergo various forms depending on the forms of particular
research activity.
taking appropriate steps. They will also take formal permission from the owners
ethical form provided by the owner. Moreover, the researchers establish approval
forms in the questionnaire. The academic nature of this study is to maintain the
The researchers also state value in writing this study. They took steps to
ensure that accurate information from the respondents perceptions are written. A
responsibility to use the data for the purpose of society change. There is a
consent that obtain through personal interaction of eatery owners. Those details
that is confidential must be in the researchers and not to disseminate with other
Instrumentation
For this study, a questionnaire instrument was used to achieve the main
Santos City. The questionnaire given to them aimed to access the relevant and
Method of Analysis
When the answering of questionnaire has done, the that were collected
has been analyzed carefully. The researchers gather the responses of each of
the respondents, and then these important information that the researcher have
gathered, has been filtered to get the significant responses or answer of the
the theme. And, out of this message, the researchers have been also determine
the concept of that message or the idea coincide in that particular message.
the participant of the study. Analyzing the data is relevant to come up with such
Chapter IV
Results and Discussions
owners in Barangay Fatima, Uhaw, General Santos City, this chapter presented,
analyzed, and interpret the data in view of the problem of the study.
data gathered by the researchers, it was been observed that the information
about the experiences of the business owners are mostly dealing with difficulties.
The business owners are commonly struggling on macro issues like government
policies, increase on prices and taxes, and the efficiency of their technologies.
1.1 Economic
the consumers with low income. On the other hand, inflation has a
1.2 Political
1.3 Technological
least one (1) CCTV. Also the business cannot adapt directly new
2.1 Economic
Honeybee Bakeshope stated that with this factors, it’s hard for
them to gain again the capital that they had been invested
selling prices. Also, people who has enough money can afford only
with their products. Business owners increase their prices but they
competitors. The people might not buy their products because their
2.2 Political
Projects like the relocation of the public market and the vendors
decrease almost half of the slaes in the large part of barangay Fatima,
Government policies like smoking ban and plastic ban had a big
Although these policies has a negative impact, as days goes by, it will
2.3 Technological
least one (1) CCTV. Also the business cannot adapt directly new
negative impact, mostly are negative. With these factors, the business owners
at least sold their products and to avoid bankruptcy. Some owners decrease the
wages of their employees and make other employees as a regular and others are
in on-call and part timers. But some owners just follow the rules implemented,
and shoulder the excess fees because they cannot do anything with it. Business
for better operation. They also finding another product to sell, those products that
are highly salable. Some business owners are just prioritizing products that are
Zoran Jovanovic (2015), “Managers must pursue what they already know which means,
refer in existing knowledge in order to develop the capabilities and competencies that will
provide to there firms a competitive advantage. “. Manager must chased there plans in order to
develop the capabilities and competencies of the business that provide there firms competitive
and improve to retain old ones and attract new customers especially in
firm performance.”
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Chapter V
Reflection and Recommendations
This chapter presents the summary or the research work undertaken, the
conclusion are drawn and the recommendation are made as an outgrowth of this
study.
5.1 Summary
government policies, increase on prices and taxes, and the efficiency of their
technologies. The inflation rate or the price increase, the TRAIN Law or the tax
businesses or firms. The respondents stated that projects of the newly elected
store and other small-scaled businesses. The competitors also had more
Their sales is decreasing so they are forced to increase also their selling
prices. Also, people who has enough money can afford only with their products.
Business owners increase their prices but they decrease their customers
the public market and the vendors decrease almost half of the slaes in the large
part of barangay Fatima, Uhaw, General Santos City. Government policies like
smoking ban and plastic ban had a big impact to these businesses. These
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businesses. These political, economic and technological factors has positive and
negative impact, mostly are negative. With these factors, the business owners
5.2. Reflection
affects the business to increase their selling price. Because of this, most of the
expensive products aside from the basic needs of the people. There are times
that the product of the businesses specially those products that are unsalable will
left unmoved. The product might lose it’s good quality and there is a possibility
that the product will reach it’s expiration date if it is a consumable product. By
showed that most of the profession of the people living in the area is belong to
the blue collar jobs. Because the business decrease their sales and customers
so the people had only that brocket of jobs. Instead of buying goods near their
place, the people would rather go in the city proper like malls and public markets
because they are considered low price of the product and goods they want are
technology use by the business. For technology can give so much interest in
business they have been interacting with. For some reason, legality of the firm
give so much impact o their sales. There are consumers or customers who are
very careful in buying goods in stores who do not comply the requirements of the
city due to the responsibilities it bring. This possibilities would be the safety of the
business as well as the products, the quality and the proper mark-up of the
prices.
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5.3 Recommendation
The results of the analyses in this study are concluded, and the discussion
further outgrowth.
Sales promotion’s concern is not only for businesses growth and profitability
but also to its customers. It is not only to give awareness to the firm’s
achieved when firms identify their target markets, select promotional tools
and plan the sales promotional, and implement the sales promotion.
the firms, that they should ensure a good quality of their products/services
since most of the businesses right now depends their selling price into
price and that affects the consumers and the sales of the businesses. This
leaders of the barangay as well as the government in order for their business
impact to the operation of your business, but this is not an excuse to exercise
Fatima, to visit all business in the barangay to know who are the illegal
business. To make sure also that all business in barangay are legally
businesses are operating legally and third, they should maintain the once a
month operation.
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salable products their capital will be back right away,and if they minimize
because there are possibilities that the unsaleable product wont be sale.
Inflation is one of the biggest problem of the business owners today, They
might loss their business if they do not think or decide carefully for their
Purchasing those salable product can be one of the best thing to do,they
can avoid losses if they just avoid purchasing those unsaleable product
and there's a big possibilities that they capital will be back incontinently.
The first step that they can do to achieve it, of course they must list those
the most needed or demand of the customers, second step is choice the
most convenient price so that their customer can afford the product. And