KANCI RETAINING WALL

RETAINING WALL DESIGN

Gardu Induk Kanci

ANALYZED BY

AGUS PANDUA MEHA, S.T.

29/10/2018 DESIGN BY AGUS PANDUA

KANCI RETAINING WALL

ANALYSIS STABILITY AND FOUNDATION OF RETAINING WALL

h1

DIMENSIONING
h1 = 2 m
h2 = 0.8 m
b1 = 0.3 m
h2
b2 = 0.5 m
b3 = 0.4 m

b1 b2 b3

MATERIAL PROPERTIES
3
Weight density of retaining wall, γstone = = 2200 kg/m
3
= 22 kN/m
3
Weight density of pile, γwood = = 560 kg/m
3
= 5.6 kN/m
3
Weight density of soil, γsoil = = 1400 kg/m
3
= 14 kN/m
3
Weight density of water, γwater = = 1000 kg/m
3
= 10 kN/m
3
Unit weight of brick, γbrick = = 1700 kg/m
= 17 kN/m3
Unit weight of concrete, γconcrete = = 25 kN/m3
Frustum angle, ф = 5 degree
Cohession of soil, C = 4 kN/m2
δb = 15 deg

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KANCI RETAINING WALL

CALCULATION ACTIVE AND PASSIVE EARTH PREASURE BASED ON RANKINE'S THEORY

Active Earth Preasure

−2𝐶 𝐾

𝑧
𝑃

ℎ +ℎ 𝑃
ℎ +ℎ −𝑧
𝑅 𝑃

𝐾 𝜎 −2𝐶 𝐾 𝐾 𝜎 − 2𝐶 𝐾

Active earth pressure coefficient, Ka = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 45 −

ф
= 0.84
2

2
σv = γsoil (h1+h2) = 39.20 kN/m
2
σa = 𝐾 𝜎 = 25.58 kN/m
zc = 2𝐶 = 0.62 m
𝛾 𝐾

Pa1 =𝜎 ℎ + ℎ − = 27.84 kN/m

2
Pa2 = 2𝐶 𝐾 𝑧 = 2.29 kN/m
2
Active earth pressure, Pa = a1 Pa2
P + = 30.13 kN/m

Passive Earth Preasure

𝑃
ℎ
𝑃
𝑃

𝐾 𝜎 2𝐶 𝐾 𝐾 𝜎 + 2𝐶 𝐾

Passive earth pressure coefficient, Kp = ф = 1.19

𝑡𝑎𝑛 45 +
2
2
Passive soil stress, σv' = γsoil h2 = 11.20 kN/m

Pp1 = 2𝐶 𝐾 ℎ = 6.98 kN/m

Pp2 =𝐾 𝜎 ℎ = 5.34 kN/m

2
Passive earth pressure, Pp = Pp1 + Pp2 = 12.32 kN/m

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KANCI RETAINING WALL

CALCULATION STABILITY OF RETAINING WALL AGAINTS OVERTURNING

Overturning Moment
Lever arm for active pressure, La =𝑃 ℎ + ℎ − 𝑧 + 𝑃 ℎ +ℎ = 2.26 m
3
𝑃
Moment for active earth preassure,Ma = Pa L a = 68.04 kN.m/m

Lever arm for active pressure, Lp =𝑃 ℎ + 𝑃 ℎ = 0.32 m

3 2
𝑃
Mp
Moment for passive earth preassure, = PpLp = 4.00 kN.m/m

Movr
Moment for passive earth preassure, = Ma - Mp = 64.04 kN.m/m

Resisting Moment of Existing Retaining Wall

W brick

W4

W5
h1

W1 W2

h2 W3

b1 b2 b3

Vertical force due to selfweight of retaining wall, soil, and brick wall above the retaining wall
Wbrick = γbrick (0.15x2) = 5.1 kN/m
W1 = γstone (b1h1) = 13.2 kN/m
W2 = γstone (0.5 b2h1) = 11 kN/m
W3 = γstone ((b1+b2+b3)h2) = 21.12 kN/m
W4 = γsoil (0.5b2h1) = 11 kN/m
W5 = γsoil (b3h1) = 17.6 kN/m

Moment due to brick wall above Mbrick = 𝑏 = 0.765 kN.m/m

retaining wall, 𝑊
2
Moment due to selfweight of Mretaining wall= 𝑏 𝑏 = 19.79 kN.m/m
retaining wall, 𝑊 + 𝑊 𝑏 +

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KANCI RETAINING WALL

𝑏 𝑏
retaining wall, 𝑊 + 𝑊 𝑏 +
2 3
Moment due to selfweight of soil, Msoil = 2𝑏 𝑏 = 24.57 kN.m/m
𝑊 𝑏 + + 𝑊 𝑏 +𝑏 +
3 2

Moment resisting, Mresist = Mbrick+Mretaining wall + Msoil = 45.12 kN.m/m

Overturning Check for Existing Retaining Wall

Safety factor SF = Mresist / Movr = 0.70

SF<1 NG
Re-dimensioning
W brick

W5

W6
h1

W1 W2

h2 W3 W4

A'

b1 b2 b3 b4

h1 = 2 m
h2 = 0.8 m
b1 = 0.4 m
b2 = 0.4 m
b3 = 0.4 m
b4 = 0.4 m

Control of Dimension

For cantilever retaining wall :

Height of retaining wall, H = h1 + h 2 = 2.8 m
Base slab, B = ∑bi = 1.6 m
Toe projecjion, tp = b4 = 0.4 m
Slab thickness, = h2 = 0.8 m

Re-calculate of Resisting Moment with Modification of Footing

Wbrick = = 5.1 kN/m

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KANCI RETAINING WALL

W1 = = 17.6 kN/m
W2 = = 8.8 kN/m
W3 = = 21.12 kN/m
W4 = = 7.04 kN/m
W5 = = 5.6 kN/m
W6 = = 22.4 kN/m

Moment due to brick wall above Mbrick = = 1.02 kN.m/m

retaining wall,
Moment due to selfweight of Mretaining wall= = 37.78 kN.m/m
retaining wall,
Moment due to selfweight of soil, Msoil = = 21.65 kN.m/m

Moment due to selfweight of Madd = = 9.856 kN.m/m

concrete,

Moment resisting, Mresist = Mbrick+Mretaining wall + Msoil = 70.31 kN.m/m

Overturning Check for Modified Footing of Retaining Wall

Safety factor SF = Mresist / Movr = 1.10

SF≥1 OK
CALCULATION STABILITY OF RETAINING WALL AGAINTS SLIDING

R = ∑Wi + Pa'
Pa ' = Pa sin β

because β=0 , so R = ∑Wi = 87.66 kN/m

Fr R tan δb + ca B = 29.89

𝐹 +𝑃
Safety factor, SF = = 1.40
𝑃
SF≥1 OK

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KANCI RETAINING WALL

CALCULATION BEARING CAPACITY

Vertical Load, Vtotal = ∑Wi = 87.66 kN/m

𝑉 2
Pressure at the bottom of retainingqwall,
max = = 54.79 kN/m
𝑏 +𝑏 +𝑏 +𝑏

Allowable Bearing Capacity

Calculatin of bearing capacity is using equation of Hansen (1970)
qult = cN c d c i c + γDN q d q i q + 0.5γB'N γ i γ

Width of footing, B = ∑bi = 1.6 m

Distance "O" point to center gravityx of wall = 0.711 m
x ≤ B/3 OK
e = (B/2)-x = 0.089 m
B' = B-2e = 1.422
Depth of base slab, D = 0.8 m

because, D/B = 0.5 m

D/B≤1
so,
Depth factor : dc = 𝐷 = 1.2
1 + 0.4
𝐵
𝐷
dq = 1 + 2𝑡𝑎𝑛ф 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛ф = 0.728
𝐵

α1 = = 2
α2 = = 3

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KANCI RETAINING WALL

Hi = Pa = 30.13 kN/m

Inclination factor : ic = 1−𝑖 = 0.507

𝑖 −
𝑁 −1

iq = 0.5𝐻 = 0.821
1−
𝑉 + 𝐴 𝑐 cot ф
iγ = 0.7𝐻 = 0.656
1−
𝑉 + 𝐴 𝑐 cot ф

Nq = 𝑒 ф
𝑡𝑎𝑛 45 +
ф = 1.568
2
Nc = (Nq-1) cot ф = 6.489

Nγ = 1.5(N q -1)tan ф = 0.075

Safety factor, SF = 3
for cohesive soil

2
Ultimate bearing capacity, qult = cN c d c i c + γDN q d q i q + 0.5γB'N γ i γ = 26.77 kN/m
2
Allowable bearing capacity, qall = qult / SF = 8.925 kN/m

Check Bearing Capacity

qall / qmax = 0.163
NG

Because based of footing capacity qall / qmax > 1, then need wood pile foundation to increase the allowable capacity

θ = 4.933
m = 2
0.5 m n = 3
= 0.055
B

0.5 m

0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m

Pile Properties
Diameter pile, Øpile = 0.1 m
Spacing of pile, Spile = 0.5 m
Depth of pile, Dpile = 4.8 m
Length of pile, Lpile = Dpile - h2 = 4m
Circumference of pile, Cpile = π Øpile = 0.314 m
2
Area of pile, Apile = 1/4 π Øpile2 = 0.008 m
Weigth of pile, Wpile = γwood Apile Lpile = 0.176 kN

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KANCI RETAINING WALL

Number of pile in 1 meter, npile = 6

Efficiency group
θ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
Ø = 11.31
𝑠
Number of piles in 1 m: m = 2
n = 3

Efficiency of group pile, ηgroup 1−

𝜃 𝑛−1 𝑚+ 𝑚−1 𝑛 = 0.85
90 𝑚𝑛
Conus data in depth of pile
2
qcp1 = 1 kg/cm
2
= 100 kN/m
2
qcp2 = 1 kg/cm
𝑄 +𝑄 + 𝑞 𝐵. 1𝑚 2
= 100 kN/m
fr1 𝐹 = 28 kg/cm
= 28 kN/m
fr2 = 37 kg/cm
= 37 kN/m

Allowable bearing capacity pile,

Qpile comp =
Allowable bearing capacity for compression, 𝑞 +𝑞 𝑓 +𝑓 = 1.966 kN
𝐴 𝐴
𝜂 2 + 2
3 5

Qpile fric
Allowable bearing capacity for tension, = 𝑓 +𝑓 = 1.743 kN
𝐴
𝜂 2
5

Re-Check Bearing Capacity

Maximum load applied to pile, Fmax = 𝑉 . 1𝑚 = 14.61 kN

𝑛

Safety factor, SF = 𝑄 +𝑄 + 𝑞 𝐵. 1𝑚 = 1.231 kN

𝐹 OK

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KANCI RETAINING WALL

SUMMARY

h1 = 2 m
h2 = 0.8 m
b1 = 0.4 m
h1 b2 = 0.4 m
b3 = 0.4 m
b4 = 0.4 m

h2 b1 b2 b3 b4
500 mm

500 mm
300 mm

300 mm

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