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 CABLE GLAND SECTION CHART
FOR BS 6346 TYPE SWA CABLES

600/1000 V copper Conductor PVC Insulated with Steel Wire Armour Cable
Cable Conductor Size Number of Cores
Area mm2 Neutral 1 2 3 3½ 4 5 7 10 12 19 27 37 48
1.5 20s 20s 20s 20s 20s 20 20 25 25 32 32
2.5 20s 20s 20s 20s 20 25 25 25 32 32 40
4 20s 20s 20 20 25 25 25 32 40 40 50
6 20s 20 20
10 25 25 25
16 25 25 25
25 16 25 25 32 32
35 16 25 32 32 32
50 25 25 32 32 32 40
70 35 25 32 40 40 40
95 50 25 40 40 50 50
120 70 25 40 50 50 50
150 70 32 40 50 50 50
185 95 32 50 50 63 63
240 120 40 50 63 63 63
300 150 40 63 63 75 75
300 185 75
400 185 50 63 75 75 75
500 50
630 50
800 63
1000 63
Glands manufactured as per BS 6121 PT 1 : 1989 for use with PVC SWA PVC 600/1000 V cables to BS
6346 : 1989

NOTE : This selection chart is given for guidance only Actual cable dimensions must be considered
before making final selections as these may vary due to manufacturing tolerances provided in BS 6346 :
1989

CABLE GLAND SECTION GUIDELINES

CABLE TYPE
UNARMOURED SINGLE WIRE ARMOUR
INNER & OUTER
CONDITION SEAL NO SEAL OUTER SEAL
SEAL
Clear & Dry A2 BW CW E1W
External Moisture A2 CW E1W
Internal Moisture A2 E1W
Dust & Oil A2 CW E1W
BW General purpose indoor application.
A2, CW, E1W indoor and outdoor application.

ENTRY THREAD :
Normally glands have metric entry thread forms.
Metric threads 1.5 mm pitch are standard upto 75 mm.
Other thread forms like IMPERIAL, PG, NPT are also available on request.
 (PEARL Standard / NETA MTS-1997 Table 10.1)

Max.Voltage Rating Of Equipment Megger Size Min.IR Value

250 Volts 500 Volts 25 MΩ

600 Volts 1,000 Volts 100 MΩ

5 KV 2,500 Volts 1,000 MΩ

8 KV 2,500 Volts 2,000 MΩ

15 KV 2,500 Volts 5,000 MΩ

25 KV 5,000 Volts 20,000 MΩ

35 KV 15,000 Volts 100,000 MΩ

46 KV 15,000 Volts 100,000 MΩ

69 KV 15,000 Volts 100,000 MΩ

One Meg ohm Rule for IR Value for Equipment:

 Based upon equipment rating:
 < 1K V = 1 MΩ minimum
 >1KV = 1 MΩ /1KV
As per IE Rules-1956:
 At a pressure of 1000 V applied between each live conductor and earth for a period of one minute the insulation resistance of HV installations shall
be at least 1 Mega ohm or as specified by the Bureau of Indian Standards.
 Medium and Low Voltage Installations- At a pressure of 500 V applied between each live conductor and earth for a period of one minute, the
insulation resistance of medium and low voltage installations shall be at least 1 Mega ohm or as specified by the Bureau of Indian Standards] from
time to time.
As per CBIP specifications the acceptable values are 2 Mega ohms per KV
(2) IR Value for Transformer:
 Insulation resistance tests are made to determine insulation resistance from individual windings to ground or between individual windings.
Insulation resistance tests are commonly measured directly in megohms or may be calculated from measurements of applied voltage and leakage
current.
 The recommended practice in measuring insulation resistance is to always ground the tank (and the core). Short circuit each winding of the
transformer at the bushing terminals. Resistance measurements are then made between each winding and all other windings grounded.

 Windings are never left floating for insulation resistance measurements. Solidly grounded winding must have the ground removed in order to
measure the insulation resistance of the winding grounded. If the ground cannot be removed, as in the case of some windings with solidly
grounded neutrals, the insulation resistance of the winding cannot be measured. Treat it as part of the grounded section of the circuit.
 We need to test winding to winding and winding to ground ( E ).For three phase transformers, We need to test winding ( L1,L2,L3 ) with substitute
Earthing for Delta transformer or winding ( L1,L2,L3 ) with earthing ( E ) and neutral ( N ) for wye transformers.

IR Value for Transformer

(Ref: A Guide to Transformer Maintenance by. JJ. Kelly. S.D Myer)

Transformer Formula
 1 Phase Transformer IR Value (MΩ) = C X E / (√KVA)

3 Phase Transformer (Star) IR Value (MΩ) = C X E (P-n) / (√KVA)

3 Phase Transformer (Delta) IR Value (MΩ) = C X E (P-P) / (√KVA)

Where C= 1.5 for Oil filled T/C with Oil Tank, 30 for Oil filled T/C without Oil Tank or Dry Type T/C.

 Temperature correction Factor (Base 20°C):

Temperature correction Factor

O O
C F Correction Factor

0 32 0.25

5 41 0.36

10 50 0.50

15 59 0.720

20 68 1.00

30 86 1.98

40 104 3.95

50 122 7.85

 Example: For 1600KVA, 20KV/400V,Three Phase Transformer

 IR Value at HV Side= (1.5 x 20000) / √ 1600 =16000 / 40 = 750 MΩ at 200C
 IR Value at LV Side = (1.5 x 400 ) / √ 1600= 320 / 40 = 15 MΩ at 200C
 IR Value at 300C =15X1.98= 29.7 MΩ
Insulation Resistance of Transformer Coil

Transformer Megger Size Min.IR Value Liquid Min.IR Value

Coil Voltage Filled T/C Dry Type T/C

0 – 600 V 1KV 100 MΩ 500 MΩ

600 V To 5KV 2.5KV 1,000 MΩ 5,000 MΩ

5KV To 15KV 5KV 5,000 MΩ 25,000 MΩ

15KV To 69KV 5KV 10,000 MΩ 50,000 MΩ

IR Value of Transformers:

Voltage Test Voltage (DC) Test Voltage (DC) HV Min IR Value

LV side side

415V 500V 2.5KV 100MΩ

Up to 6.6KV 500V 2.5KV 200MΩ

6.6KV to 11KV 500V 2.5KV 400MΩ

11KV to 33KV 1000V 5KV 500MΩ

33KV to 66KV 1000V 5KV 600MΩ

66KV to 132KV 1000V 5KV 600MΩ

132KV to 220KV 1000V 5KV 650MΩ

 Steps for measuring the IR of Transformer:
 Shut down the transformer and disconnect the jumpers and lightning arrestors.
 Discharge the winding capacitance.
 Thoroughly clean all bushings
 Short circuit the windings.
 Guard the terminals to eliminate surface leakage over terminal bushings.
 Record the temperature.
 Connect the test leads (avoid joints).
 Apply the test voltage and note the reading. The IR. Value at 60 seconds after application of the test voltage is referred to as the Insulation
Resistance of the transformer at the test temperature.
 The transformer Neutral bushing is to be disconnected from earth during the test.
 All LV surge diverter earth connections are to be disconnected during the test.
 Due to the inductive characteristics of transformers, the insulation resistance reading shall not be taken until the test current stabilizes.
 Avoid meggering when the transformer is under vacuum.
Test Connections of Transformer for IR Test (Not Less than 200 MΩ):
 Two winding transformer:
1. (HV + LV) – GND
2. HV – (LV + GND)
3. LV – (HV + GND)
 Three winding transformer:
1. HV – (LV + TV + GND)
2. LV – (HV + TV + GND)
3. (HV + LV + TV) – GND
4. TV – (HV + LV + GND)
 Auto transformer (two winding):
1. (HV + LV) – GND
 Auto Transformer (three winding):
1. (HV + LV) – (TV + GND)
2. (HV + LV + TV) – GND
3. TV – (HV + LV + GND)
For any installation, the insulation resistance measured shall not be less than:
 HV – Earth 200 M Ω
 LV – Earth 100 M Ω
 HV – LV 200 M Ω
Factors affecting on IR value of Transformer
The IR value of transformers are influenced by
 surface condition of the terminal bushing
 quality of oil
 quality of winding insulation
 temperature of oil
 duration of application and value of test voltage
(3) IR Value for Tap Changer:
 IR between HV and LV as well as windings to earth.
 Minimum IR value for Tap changer is 1000 ohm per volt service voltage
(4) IR Value for Electric motor:
For electric motor, we used a insulation tester to measure the resistance of motor winding with earthing ( E ).
 For rated voltage below 1KV, measured with a 500VDC Megger.
 For rated voltage above 1KV, measured with a 1000VDC Megger.
 In accordance with IEEE 43, clause 9.3, the following formula should be applied.
 Min IR Value (For Rotating Machine) =(Rated voltage (v) /1000) + 1
 As per IEEE 43 Standard 1974,2000

IR Value in MΩ

IR (Min) = kV+1 For most windings made before about 1970, all field windings, and
others not described below

IR (Min) = 100 MΩ For most dc armature and ac windings built after about 1970 (form
wound coils)

IR (Min) = 5 MΩ For most machines with random -wound stator coils and form-wound
coils rated below 1kV

 Example-1: For 11KV, Three Phase Motor.

 IR Value =11+1=12 MΩ but as per IEEE43 It should be 100 MΩ
 Example-2: For 415V,Three Phase Motor
 IR Value =0.415+1=1.41 MΩ but as per IEEE43 It should be 5 MΩ.
 As per IS 732 Min IR Value of Motor=(20XVoltage(p-p/(1000+2XKW))
IR Value of Motor as per NETA ATS 2007. Section 7.15.1

Motor Name Plate (V) Test Voltage Min IR Value

250V 500V DC 25 MΩ

600V 1000V DC 100MΩ

1000V 1000V DC 100MΩ

2500V 1000V DC 500MΩ

5000V 2500V DC 1000MΩ

8000V 2500V DC 2000MΩ

15000V 2500V DC 5000MΩ

25000V 5000V DC 20000MΩ

34500V 15000V DC 100000MΩ

IR Value of Submersible Motor:

IR Value of Submersible Motor

Motor Out off Well (Without Cable) IR Value

New Motor 20 MΩ

A used motor which can be reinstalled 10 MΩ

Motor Installed in Well (With Cable)

 New Motor 2 MΩ

A used motor which can be reinstalled 0.5 MΩ

(5) IR Value for Electrical cable and wiring:

 For insulation testing, we need to disconnect from panel or equipment and keep them isolated from power supply. The wiring and cables need to
test for each other ( phase to phase ) with a ground ( E ) cable. The Insulated Power Cable Engineers Association (IPCEA) provides the formula to
determine minimum insulation resistance values.
 R = K x Log 10 (D/d)
 R =IR Value in MΩs per 1000 feet (305 meters) of cable.
 K =Insulation material constant.( Varnished Cambric=2460, Thermoplastic Polyethlene=50000,Composite Polyethylene=30000)
D =Outside diameter of conductor insulation for single conductor wire and cable
 ( D = d + 2c + 2b diameter of single conductor cable )
d – Diameter of conductor
c – Thickness of conductor insulation
b – Thickness of jacket insulation
HV test on new XLPE cable (As per ETSA Standard)

Application Test Voltage Min IR Value

New cables – Sheath 1KV DC 100 MΩ

New cables – Insulation 10KV DC 1000 MΩ

After repairs – Sheath 1KV DC 10 MΩ

After repairs – Insulation 5KV DC 1000MΩ

11kV and 33kV Cables between Cores and Earth (As per ETSA Standard)

Application Test Voltage Min IR Value

11KV New cables – Sheath 5KV DC 1000 MΩ

11KV After repairs – Sheath 5KV DC 100 MΩ

33KV no TF’s connected 5KV DC 1000 MΩ

33KV with TF’s connected. 5KV DC 15MΩ

IR Value Measurement (Conductors to conductor (Cross Insulation))

 The first conductor for which cross insulation is being measured shall be connected to Line terminal of the megger. The remaining conductors
looped together (with the help of crocodile clips) i. e. Conductor 2 and onwards, are connected to Earth terminal of megger. Conductors at the
other end are left free.
 Now rotate the handle of megger or press push button of megger. The reading of meter will show the cross Insulation between conductor 1 and
rest of the conductors. Insulation reading shall be recorded.
 Now connect next conductor to Line terminal of the megger & connect the remaining conductors to earth terminal of the megger and take
measurements.
IR Value Measurement (Conductor to Earth Insulation)
 Connect conductor under test to the Line terminal of the megger.
 Connect earth terminal of the megger to the earth.
 Rotate the handle of megger or press push button of megger. The reading of meter will show the insulation resistance of the conductors. Insulation
reading shall be recorded after applying the test voltage for about a minute till a steady reading is obtained.
IR Value Measurements:
 If during periodical testing, insulation resistance of cable is found between 5 and 1 MΩ /km at buried temperature, the subject cable should be
programmed for replacement.
 If insulation resistance of the cable is found between 1000 and 100 KΩ /km, at buried temperature, the subject cable should be replaced urgently
within a year.
 If the insulation resistance of the cable is found less than 100 kilo ohm/km., the subject cable must be replaced immediately on emergency basis.
(6) IR Value for Transmission / Distribution Line:

Equipment. Megger Size Min IR Value

S/S .Equipments 5 KV 5000MΩ

EHVLines. 5 KV 10MΩ

H.T. Lines. 1 KV 5MΩ

LT / Service Lines. 0.5 KV 5MΩ

(7) IR Value for Panel Bus:

 IR Value for Panel = 2 x KV rating of the panel.
 Example, for a 5 KV panel, the minimum insulation is 2 x 5 = 10 MΩ.
(8) IR Value for Substation Equipment:
Generally meggering Values of Substation Equipments are.

.Typical IR Value of S/S Equipments

Equipment Megger Size IR Value(Min)

(Phase-Earth) 5KV,10 KV 1000 MΩ

Circuit Breaker (Phase-Phase) 5KV,10 KV 1000 MΩ

Control Circuit 0.5KV 50 MΩ

(Pri-Earth) 5KV,10 KV 1000 MΩ

CT/PT (Sec-Phase) 5KV,10 KV 50 MΩ

Control Circuit 0.5KV 50 MΩ

(Phase-Earth) 5KV,10 KV 1000 MΩ

Isolator (Phase-Phase) 5KV,10 KV 1000 MΩ

Control Circuit 0.5KV 50 MΩ

L.A (Phase-Earth) 5KV,10 KV 1000 MΩ

Electrical Motor (Phase-Earth) 0.5KV 50 MΩ

LT Switchgear (Phase-Earth) 0.5KV 100 MΩ

LT Transformer (Phase-Earth) 0.5KV 100 MΩ

IR Value of S/S Equipments As per DEP Standard

IR Value at IR Value at
Equipment Meggering Commissioning Maintenance
Time (MΩ) Time(MΩ)
 HV Bus 200 MΩ 100 MΩ

Switchgear LV Bus 20 MΩ 10 MΩ

LV wiring 5 MΩ 0.5 MΩ

Cable(min 100 Meter) HV & LV (10XKV) / KM (KV) / KM

Motor & Generator Phase-Earth 10(KV+1) 2(KV+1)

Transformer Oil immersed HV & LV 75 MΩ 30 MΩ

HV 100 MΩ 25 MΩ
Transformer Dry Type
LV 10 MΩ 2 MΩ

Fixed Equipments/Tools Phase-Earth 5KΩ / Volt 1KΩ / Volt

Movable Equipments Phase-Earth 5 MΩ 1MΩ

Distribution Equipments Phase-Earth 5 MΩ 1MΩ

Main Circuit 2 MΩ / KV
Circuit Breaker
Control Circuit 5MΩ

D.C Circuit-Earth 40MΩ

LT Circuit-Earth 50MΩ
Relay
LT-D.C Circuit 40MΩ

LT-LT 70MΩ

(9) IR Value for Domestic /Industrial Wiring:

 A low resistance between phase and neutral conductors, or from live conductors to earth, will result in a leakage current. This cause deterioration
of the insulation, as well as involving a waste of energy which would increase the running costs of the installation.
 The resistance between Phase-Phase-Neutral-Earth must never be less than 0.5 M Ohms for the usual supply voltages.
 In addition to the leakage current due to insulation resistance, there is a further current leakage in the reactance of the insulation, because it acts
as the dielectric of a capacitor. This current dissipates no energy and is not harmful, but we wish to measure the resistance of the insulation, so
DC Voltage is used to prevent reactance from being included in the measurement.
1 Phase Wiring:
 The IR test between Phase-Natural to earth must be carried out on the complete installation with the main switch off, with phase and neutral
connected together, with lamps and other equipment disconnected, but with fuses in, circuit breakers closed and all circuit switches closed.
 Where two-way switching is wired, only one of the two stripper wires will be tested. To test the other, both two-way switches should be operated
and the system retested. If desired, the installation can be tested as a whole, when a value of at least 0.5 M Ohms should be achieved.

3 Phase Wiring:
 In the case of a very large installation where there are many earth paths in parallel, the reading would be expected to be lower. If this happens, the
installation should be subdivided and retested, when each part must meet the minimum requirement.
 The IR tests must be carried out between Phase-Phase-Neutral-Earth with a minimum acceptable value for each test of 0.5 M Ohms.

IR Testing for Low voltage

circuit voltage Test voltage IR Value(Min)

Extra Low Voltage 250V DC 0.25MΩ

Up to 500 V except for above 500 V DC 0.5MΩ

500 V To 1KV 1000 V DC 1.0MΩ

 Min IR Value = 50 MΩ / No of Electrical outlet. (All Electrical Points with fitting & Plugs).
 Min IR Value = 100 MΩ / No of Electrical outlet. (All Electrical Points without fitting & Plugs).
Required Precautions:
 Electronic equipment like electronic fluorescent starter switches, touch switches, dimmer switches, power controllers, delay timers could be
damaged by the application of the high test voltage should be disconnected.
 Capacitors and indicator or pilot lamps must be disconnected or an inaccurate test reading will result.
 Where any equipment is disconnected for testing purposes, it must be subjected to its own insulation test, using a voltage which is not likely to
result in damage. The result must conform with that specified in the British Standard concerned, or be at least 0.5 M Ohms if there is no Standard.