BY

S.Sumalatha

G.Lakshmi prasanna
Introduction:
 In some countries nearly 65% of the total electric
energy produced is consumed by electric motors.

 DC motors play a significant role in modern industrial

drives.

 DC motors can provide a high starting torque.

ELECTRIC DRIVES - A DEFINITION

About 50% of electrical energy produced is used in

electric drives today.Electric drives may run at
constant speed or at variable speed
Block diagram of Electrical drive:

• Small
• Efficient
• Flexible
Components in electric drives
 Motors
• DC motors - permanent magnet – wound field
• AC motors – induction, synchronous , brushless DC

 Power sources
• DC – batteries, fuel cell, photovoltaic - unregulated
• AC – Single- three- phase utility, wind generator -
unregulated
• DC drives can be classified, in general, into three types:

 1. Single-phase drives
 2. Three-phase drives

 single-phase drives may be subdivided into:

 Single-phase half-wave-converter drives.

 Single-phase full-converter drives.
 Single-phase dual-converter drives.
Single-Phase Half-Wave-Converter Drives:

The applications of this drive are limited to the 0.5 kW

power level.
Single-Phase Full-Wave-Converter Drives
 It is a two-quadrant drive, and is limited to
applications up to 15 kW.
• Three-phase drives may also be subdivided
into:
-Three-phase half-wave-converter drives.
– Three-phase full-converter drives.
 A three phase half wave converter drive operates in
first quardant and is limited to applications upto
40kw.

 A three-phase full-wave-converter drive is a two-

quadrant drive without any field reversal, and is
limited to applications up to 1500 kW.
Introduction: AC Motor Drives

• There are two types of ac drives:

– Induction motor drives

– Synchronous motor drives

• Ac drives are replacing dc drives and are used in

many industrial and domestic applications
• The speed and torque of induction motors can be
controlled by

– Stator voltage control

– Rotor voltage control
– Frequency control
Stator Voltage Control:
• The stator voltage can be varied by three-phase

– ac voltage controllers,
– pulse-width modulation (PWM) inverters

• They are used mainly in low-power applications, such as

fans, blowers, and centrifugal pumps, where the starting
torque is low.
Rotor Voltage Control:

• The typical torque-speed characteristics for variations

in rotor resistance
Frequency Control:
 The torque and speed of induction motors can be
controlled by changing the supply frequency.

 At low frequency, the reactances decrease and the

motor current may be too high. This type of frequency
control is not normally used.
Energy/Cost Savings
 System efficiency can be increased from 15% to 27% by
introducing variable-speed drive operation in place of
constant-speed operation.

 For a large pump variable-speed drive, payback period

~ 3-5 years whereas operating life is ~ 20 years
DC DRIVES Vs AC DRIVES
Advantages:
 Ac motors are less expensive as compared to dc
motors.
 Ac motors require low maintenance as compared to dc
motors.
Disadvantages:
 Power converters for ac drives are complex.
 Power converters for ac drives generates harmonics in
the supply system & load circuit
Conclusion:
 In India, we are using three phase,50hz ac supply as an
input. There so many applications that require higher
frequency and phases for better operations of
industrial equipments. Even though we are with same
frequency for particular applications keeping economy
in point of view.