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STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF A CASTELLATED BEAM

Given data:
• Span of simply supported beam = 16.0 m
• Imposed load = 4 kN / m
• Dead load = 4 kN / m
• Grade of steel = Fe 410 (Yield stress = 250 N / mm2)
IS:226-1975

Calculation of loads and reactions

 Assume the self-weight of the castellated beam = 0.75 kN / m
 Total load,
o Dead load = (0.75 + 4) = 4.75 kN / m
o Imposed load = 4 kN / m
 Factored load = 1.5 (4.75 + 4) = 13.12 kN / m

= 420 ݇ܰ݉
ଵଷ.ଵଶ(ଵ଺మ )
 Bending moment = ଼

= 105 ݇ܰ
ଵଷ.ଵଶ(ଵ଺)
 Shear force = ଶ

The capacity of castellated beam reduces because of the secondary effects. A

trial section may be assumed by taking Z = 1.05 times the net plastic section.
1.05ሺ420 × 10଺ ሻ1.1
ܼ௣ = = 11.83 × 10଺ ݉݉ଷ
1.05ሺ‫ܯ‬ሻߛ௠଴
݂
=
250
Select ISMB 450 @ 0.714 kN/m
ܼ௭ = 2113.27 × 10ଷ ݉݉ଷ
Approximate ܼ௣ = 1.2 × 2113.27 × 10ଷ ݉݉ଷ

Castellated beam M V Bhogone

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Calculation of properties of the section

 Area of T chord = 9.4(109-17.4) + 17.4(150) = 3471.04 mm2

 Position of centroid of castellated T section, Cz

ቂ91.6 × 9.4 ቀ17.4 + 2 ቁ + 17.4 × 150 × 2 ቃ

91.6 17.4
‫ܥ‬௭ = = 22.22 ݉݉
3471.04
 Distance between centre of T chords, h
h = D - 2 Cz = 675 – 2(22.2) = 630.6 mm

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Length of top opening = 114.25 mm

Area of web (T section), AT, web
AT, web = 9.4(109-17.4) = 861.04 mm2

Table 2

 Section classification with ϵ = 1

Flange outstand,
೑

75
  4.3  9.4
 17.4


Web slenderness,


 675  217.4  15

  64.91  84
 9.4
Hence the section is plastic

Stem of T section:

   18.9    18.9  9.4  177.66   91.6 
 
Hence the section is plastic
 Check for shear

The maximum shear occurs at section z-z as shown in Fig. b
௏ொ
The elastic shear stress is
ூ೥ ௧
where,
V = 105 kN
675 17.4 457 91.6
  !  150  17.4     9.4  91.6   
2 2 2 2
 1094.3  10 
Iz = 71,693X104 mm4
t = 9.4 mm
Hence shear stress
# 105  10  1094.3  10
  17.05 %&'  0.7(
0.7  250  175 %&'
$  71693  10  9.4
Hence the section is safe

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Check for moment and shear

Consider any section at a distance x from the support. The maximum
moment and shear effects are combined to give the worst combination at
this section.
௫మ
o Moment at x = 105‫ ݔ‬− 13.125 = 105‫ ݔ‬− 6.56‫ ݔ‬ଶ
ଶ

o Shear at x = 105 − 13.125‫ݔ‬

o Stress due to bending taking the T sections as booms
ெ
= ሺ௔௥௘௔ ௢௙ ் ×ௗ௜௦௧௔௡௖௘ ௕௘௧௪௘௘௡ ௖௘௡௧௥௢௜ௗ௦ሻ

‫ × ܯ‬10଺
= 0.4568‫ܽܲܯ ܯ‬
ሺ3471.06 × 630.6ሻ
=

o Direct stress due to shear taking bending on the T section

‫ݏ‬ℎ݁ܽ‫ݎ‬ ‫ݐ݀݅ݓ‬ℎ ܽܿ‫݃݊݅݊݁݌݋ ݂݋ ݌݋ݐ ݏݏ݋ݎ‬
൤ቀ 2 ቁ×൬ 2 ൰൨
ܼ௧
=

‫ݏ‬ℎ݁ܽ‫ݎ‬
ቂቀ ቁ×ቀ ቁቃ
114.25
= 2 2 = 1.5275ܸ ‫ܽܲܯ‬
18699
0.01 ܸ‫ܽܲܯ‬
o Combined stress
= ሺ105‫ ݔ‬− 6.56‫ ݔ‬ଶ ሻ × 0.4568 + 1.5275ሺ105 − 13.125‫ݔ‬ሻ
= −3‫ ݔ‬ଶ + 27.9‫ ݔ‬+ 160.4
Differentiating and setting to zero, we get
6‫ = ݔ‬27.9 ‫ = ݔ ݎ݋‬4.65 ݉
Hence maximum stress
݂௬
= −3ሺ4.65ሻଶ + 27.9ሺ4.65ሻ + 160.4 = 225.3 ‫ < ܽܲܯ‬ቆ ቇ=൬ ൰ = 227.3 ‫ܽܲܯ‬
250
ߛ௠଴ 1.1
Hence the section is safe

Bearing check
Bearing stiffeners should be provided for webs where forces applied
through a flange by loads or reactions exceeding the local capacity of the
web at its connection to the flange, FW, given by:
ሺܾଵ + ݊ଶ ሻ‫ݐ‬௪ ݂௬௪
‫ܨ‬ௐ =
cl. 8.7.4
ߛ௠଴
where,

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b1 = stiff length
n2 = length obtained by dispersion through the flange to the web junction
at a slope of 1:2.5 to the plane of the flange
tw = thickness of the web
fyw = yield stress of the web
n2 = 2.5(17.4 + 15) = 81 mm
Assuming stiff bearing length b1 = 0
‫ܨ‬ௐ = ሺ0 + 81ሻ9.4 × 250 = 19035 ܰ ‫ ݎ݋‬190.35 ݇ܰ > ݁݊݀ ‫( ݊݋݅ݐܿܽ݁ݎ‬105 ݇ܰ)
This check is satisfied without utilising any stiff bearing length.

Web buckling at the ends
In practice, the end opening is filled, which are considered as good
cl. 8.7.1.3
detailing practice. In addition a stiffener is provided for added security at
the ends of the beam.
Check for buckling without end stiffeners

cl. 8.7.3.1

ሺܾଵ + ݊ଵ ሻ‫ݐ‬௪ ݂௖ௗ

‫ܨ‬ௐ௘௕ =
ߛ௠଴
where,
b1 = width of stiff bearing on the flange
n1 = dispersion of the load through the web at 450, to the level of half the
depth of the cross section.
The buckling strength of this web about axis parallel to the web is
calculated as given in cl. 7.1.2.1, using curve c.
݀ 2.5ሾ675 − 2(17.4 + 15)ሿ cl. 8.7.1.3
‫ݐ‬
= = 162.3
9.4
From Table 7.4 c,

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fcd = 52.1 N / mm2 for fy = 250 N / mm2

 337.5 
 
n1 =


)
 105  10  
  337.59.4  52.1

b1 = -123 mm
This result indicates that no stiff bearing is required. However, in practice
a nominal stiff bearing will be provided.
 Check for deflection
5⁄384,-
*
.$
5⁄3848.75  16  1000
*  52.07 
2  10  71693  10 
/0'1 16000
*    66.67 
240 240
Hence the beam is safe in deflection.

w = working
load

Castellated beam M V Bhogone