QUESTION BANK 2017

SIDDHARTH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS :: PUTTUR

Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road – 517583

QUESTION BANK (DESCRIPTIVE)

Subject with Code : Optical Fiber Communication [13A04702] Course & Branch: B.Tech - ECE
Year & Sem: IV-B.Tech & I-Sem Regulation: R13

UNIT –I
Introduction to Optical Fibers
1. Explain the Elements of an optical fiber Transmission link. [L2][CO. 1][10M]
2. Discuss the Mode theory of Circular Waveguides. [L2][CO. 1][10M]
3 a). Explain the function of each block with a help of neat block diagram of a digital optical fiber
communication system? [L2, L4][CO.1][6M]
b). A light wave is travelling in a semiconductor medium (GaAs) of refractive index 3.6.It is incident
on a different semiconductor medium (Al GaAs) of refractive index 3.4 & angle of incidence is
80○. Calculate numerical aperture & θa .Will it result in total internal reflection comment on the
result? [L4][CO. 1][4M]
4 a). List the applications of optical communication? [L3][CO. 1][6M]
b). Consider multimode fiber that has a core R.I of 1.480 and core cladding index difference 2.0%.
Calculate NA, Critical angle and acceptance angle? [L4][CO. 1][4M]
5 a). With the help of electromagnetic spectrum, explain about the historical development of optic fiber
communication? [L2, L4][CO. 1][5M]
b). List the advantages of optical communication? [L1][CO. 1][5M]
6 a). Write about total internal reflection with the help of suitable optical cable setup? [L3][CO. 1][5M]
b). What is MFD of single mode fiber? Explain with suitable structure [L1, L4][CO. 1][5M]
7 a). Determine the propagation modes in single mode fibers? [L3][CO. 1][6M]
b). Fiber has normalized frequency 26.6 & operating wavelength 1300nm, if the radius of the fiber
core is 25µm. Compute the numerical aperture. [L4][CO. 1][4M]
8 a). Compare step index & graded index fiber? [L4][CO. 1][5M]
b). Illustrate about the propagation modes in multi mode fibers? [L2][CO. 1][5M]
9 a). Illustrate about the propagation modes in single mode fibers? [L2][CO. 1][6M]
b). Calculate number of modes of an optical fiber having diameter of 50µm & n1 =1.48 &
n2=1.46 having operating wavelength 0.82µm. [L4][CO. 1][4M]
10 a). Why do we prefer Step index single mode fiber for long distance communication?
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 QUESTION BANK 2017

[L2][CO. 1][2M]
b). Define Critical angle & Acceptance angle? [L2][CO. 1][2M]
c). what are Ray and Modes? [L1][CO. 1][2M]
d). A light ray is incident from glass to air. Calculate critical angle? [L4][CO. 1][2M]
e). Derive Snell’s Law in Optics? [L4][CO. 1][2M]

Prepared by: V. Viswanadha, P. Vijaya.

.

Page 2
 QUESTION BANK 2017

SIDDHARTH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS :: PUTTUR

Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road – 517583

QUESTION BANK (OBJECTIVE)

Subject with Code : Optical Fiber Communication [13A04702] Course & Branch: B.Tech - ECE
Year & Sem: IV-B.Tech & I-Sem Regulation: R13
UNIT –I
Introduction to Optical Fibers

Which among the following is provided by an optical receiver for the regeneration of data
1. [ ]
signal with minimum error?
(a). Photo-diode (b). Signal Processing circuits (c). Linear Circuitry (d). None
2. Light is confined within the core of a simple optical fiber by [ ]
(a). Refraction (b). Total internal reflection (c). Total internal (d). Reflection
at the outer edge of the reflection at the from the
cladding core cladding fiber's plastic
boundary. coating.
3. What makes optical fibers immune to EMI? [ ]
(a). They transmit (b). They are too small (c). Magnetic fields (d). They are readily
signals in as for magnetic fields cannot penetrate shielded by
light rather than to introduce current the glass of the outer
electric current. in them. fiber. conductors in
cable.
4. The type of light source opt for single-mode fiber [ ]
(a). LASERs (b). LEDs (c). Both LASERs and LEDs (d). None
5. Speeds of laboratory fiber optic Local Area Networks are now in the range of [ ]
(a). 1 M bits/sec. (b). 10 M bits/secs. (c). Gigabits per second. (d). Hundreds of megabits
per second.
6. Metals can ________ the light beams. [ ]
(a). Reflect (b). Refract (c). Transmit (d). None
7. Metals are _______. [ ]
(a). Transparent (b). Opaque (c). Translucent (d). None
8. Metals can transmit these ____. [ ]
(a). Radio ways (b). Visible light (c). Microwaves (d). x-rays
9. Reflectivity of metals [ ]
(a). 0.05 (b). 0.50 (c). 0.95 (d). None
10. Refractive index of materials is approximately equal to square root of [ ]
(a). Electrical (b). Magnetic (c). Electrical permittivity x (d). None
permittivity permeability magnetic permeability
11. Snell’s law relates ____________. [ ]

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 QUESTION BANK 2017

(a). Light reflection (b). Light refraction (c). Light transmission (d). Light Absorption
12. Bouguer’s law relates ____________. [ ]
(a). Light reflection (b). Light transmission (c). Light refraction (d). Light Absorption
13. Sky looks blue because the sun light is subjected to __________. [ ]
(a). Rayleigh scattering (b). Compton scattering (c). Both A and B (d). None
14. Luminescence is because of [ ]
(a). Photons emitted while (b). Knocking out of (c). Photons (d). All
excited electrons drops electrons by photons stimulated by
down photons
15. Fluorescence occurs within _______. [ ]
(a). 10-5 s (b). 10-5 ms (c). 10-5 μs (d). 10-5ns
16. Electro-luminescence occurs in _________. [ ]
(a). Electrical conductors (b). Electrical insulators (c). p-n junctions (d). All
17. Pyrometer works based on [ ]
(a). Laser technology (b). Photo-conduction (c). Thermal emission (d). Tyndall effect
18. Solar cell works based on [ ]
(a). Laser technology (b). Photo-conduction (c). Thermal emission (d). Tyndall effects
19. Optical fiber operates on the principle of [ ]
(a). TIR (b). Tyndall effect (c). Photo-electric effect (d). Laser technology
20. The first semiconductor used in optical fiber is [ ]
(a). GaAs (b). GaAsP (c). InGaAsp (d). GaAlAs

21. WDM stands for [ ]

(a). Wide division (b). Wavelength division (c). Wave division
(d). Whole wave
multiplexing multiplexing multiplexing division
multiplexing
22. The boundary between truly guided modes and leaky modes are defined as [ ]
(a). Cutoff conditions (b). Active condition (c). Saturation condition (d). None
23. The modes are cutoff when β = [ ]
2
(a). n2k (b). n1k (c). n2k*n1k (d). n1k
24. Each LP0m mode is derived from an [ ]
(a). HE0m (b). TE1m (c). HE1m (d). TM0m
25. The modes propagate with different phase velocities, and the difference between their [ ]
effective refractive indices is called the fiber
(a). Beat length (b). Birefringence (c). V number (d). Degenerative mode
26. The number of degenerative modes for LP02 is [ ]
(a). 1 (b). 2 (c). 3 (d). 4
27. The number of degenerative modes for LP11 is [ ]
(a). 1 (b). 2 (c). 3 (d). 4

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 QUESTION BANK 2017

In the structure of fiber optic cable, the refractive index of core is always _______the
28. [ ]
refractive index of cladding.
(a). Less than (b). Equal to (c). Greater than (d). None
In the structure of a fiber, which component provides additional strength and prevents the
29. [ ]
fiber from any damage?
(a). Core (b). Cladding (c). Buffer Coating (d). Jacket
What method allows large number of independent, selectable channels to exist on a single
30. [ ]
fiber?
(a). Frequency Division (b). Time Division (c). Analog (d). Phase
Multiplexing. Multiplexing Modulation Modulation
31. What type of optical fiber would best be used in the Multiple Channel Architecture (MCA)? [ ]
(a). Refractive-Index. (b). Step-Index. (c). Graded-Index. (d). None
32. The type of light source opt for multi-mode fiber [ ]
(a). LASERs (b). LEDs. (c). Both A & B (d). None
33. Visible light’s wavelength range ______________. [ ]
(a). 0.39 – 0.77 mm (b). 0.39 – 0.77 μm (c). 0.39 – 0.77 nm (d). 0.39 – 0.77 cm
34. Planck’s constant [ ]
(a). 6.62x10-34 J.sec (b). 6.62x10-34 J.min (c). 6.62x10-34 (d). 6.62x10-34
Cal.sec Cal.min
35. Sum of these is unity [ ]
(a). Reflectivity (b). Reflectivity + (c). Reflectivity + Refractivity + (d). None
Refractivity Transmitivity
36. The operating wavelength of optical cable in the 2nd generation is [ ]
(a). 1.3μm (b). 0.8μm (c). 1.55μm (d). 2.6μm
37. The pulses that can preserve their shape by counteracting the negative effects of dispersion is [ ]
(a). Optical solitons (b). Optical solutions (c). Optical amplifier (d). Opto-coupler
38. The maximum angle in which the light incidents on fiber to propagate down the fiber is [ ]
(a). Numerical aperture (b). Critical angle (c). Acceptance angle (d). Skew rays
39. The _____ of a mode is equal to the number of field zeros across the guide. [ ]
(a). Leaky (b). Radiation (c). Order (d). Degenerative
40. In which generation optical amplifiers are used as replacement for repeaters [ ]
(a). 1st generation (b). 2nd generation (c). 3rd generation (d). 4th

generation

Prepared by: V. Viswanadha, P. Vijaya.

.

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 QUESTION BANK 2017

SIDDHARTH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS :: PUTTUR

Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road – 517583

QUESTION BANK (DESCRIPTIVE)

Subject with Code : Optical Fiber Communication [13A04702] Course & Branch: B.Tech - ECE
Year & Sem: IV-B.Tech & I-Sem Regulation: R13

UNIT –II
Signal Degradation in Optical Fibers
1. Describe any two types of Losses in Optical Fiber Communication System. [L2][CO. 2][10M]
2. Explain the Design Optimization of Single mode fibers. [L2][CO. 2][10M]
3. How attenuation is caused by scattering losses & bending losses? [L2][CO. 2][10M]
4 a). Define linear scattering? Explain about Rayleigh & Mie scattering? [L1,L2][CO. 2][5M]
b). Derive the expression for waveguide dispersion. [L4][CO. 2][5M]
5. Explain dispersion occurring in multimode fibers in detail with expressions? [L2,L4][CO.2][10M]
6 a). Distinguish between intrinsic & extrinsic Absorption ? [L4][CO. 2][4M]
b). Determine the theoretical cutoff wavelength for single mode fiber? [L4][CO. 2][4M]
7 a). What is attenuation? Explain in detail? [L2][CO. 2][4M]
b). Derive the expression for material dispersion. [L4][CO. 2][6M]
8 Analyze pulse broadening in graded index waveguides? [L4][CO. 2][10M]
9 a). Derive the total dispersion in single mode fiber? [L4][CO. 2][5M]
b). How refractive index profile optimizes the design in a single mode fiber? [L5][CO. 2][5M]
10 a). What are the two main causes of Intra Modal Dispersion? [L1][CO. 2][2M]
b). Explain the phenomenon of Rayleigh scattering in scattering loss? [L2][CO. 2][2M]
c). What are the Mechanisms which causes Absorption? [L1][CO. 2][2M]
d). How to minimize the micro bending losses in the fiber? [L1][CO. 2][2M]
e). Derive Signal distortion in single mode fibers? [L4][CO. 2][2M]

Prepared by: V. Viswanadha, P. Vijaya.

SIDDHARTH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS :: PUTTUR

Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road – 517583
Page 6
 QUESTION BANK 2017

QUESTION BANK (OBJECTIVE)

Subject with Code : Optical Fiber Communication [13A04702] Course & Branch: B.Tech - ECE
Year & Sem: IV-B.Tech & I-Sem Regulation: R13

UNIT –II
Signal Degradation in Optical Fibers

1. Different indices of refraction, composition and attenuation coefficients is known as [ ]

(a). Core & Cladding loss (b). Bending losses (c). Macro bending losses (d). Leaky loss
2. The speed at which energy in a particular mode travels along the fiber [ ]
(a). Bandwidth delay (b). Intramodal delay (c). Intermodal delay (d). Group velocity
3. A measure of the information capacity of an optical waveguide is specified by the [ ]
(a). Bw-distance product (b). BW product (c). Distance measure (d). None
4. Material Dispersion is also known as ___________ dispersion [ ]
(a). Waveguide (b). Chromatic (c). Intermodal (d). Intramodal
5. The variation of the refractive index of the core material as a function of wavelength is [ ]
(a). Waveguide (b). Intermodal (c). Material Dispersion (d). Intramodal
Dispersion Dispersion Dispersion
6. A single mode fiber confines only about 80% of the optical power to the core is [ ]
(a). Waveguide (b). Intermodal (c). Material Dispersion (d). Intramodal
Dispersion Dispersion Dispersion
7. Material Dispersion and Waveguide Dispersion are the main causes of [ ]
(a). Intermodal Dispersion (b). Intramodal Dispersion (c). Both A & B (d). None
8. Each mode having a different value of group velocity at a single frequency is known as [ ]
(a). Bandwidth delay (b). Intramodal delay (c). Intermodal delay (d). Group delay
The resulting difference in propagation times Δτ between the two orthogonal polarization
9. [ ]
modes will result in pulse spreading is called
(a). Intermodal (b). Polarization mode (c). Intramodal delay (d). Material
dispersion dispersion Dispersion
10. For wavelengths below about 1 μm is [ ]
(a). Dominant loss (b). Infrared absorption (c).Isothermal loss (d). None
11. For wavelengths longer than 1 μm is [ ]
(a). Dominant loss (b). Infrared absorbtion (c).Isothermal loss (d). None
If the bend radius is made a bit smaller once this threshold point has been reached, the loss
12. [ ]
suddenly becomes
(a). Small (b). Constant (c). Extremely Large (d). Medium
13. For LEDs the rms spectral width is approximately ____ of a central wavelength. [ ]
(a). 0.5% (b).10% (c). 15% (d). 5%

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 QUESTION BANK 2017

14. Empirical relationship is given as [ ]

(a). αuv=CeE/E0 (b). αuv=CeE0/E (c). αuv=Ce E0/E2
(d). None
15. αuv=CeE/E0 is known as [ ]
(a). Allwave rule (b). Neper rule (c). Maxwell rule (d).Urbach’s rule
16. Large curvature radiation losses are also known as [ ]
(a). Macrobending losses (b). Bending losses (c). Both A & B (d). Leaky losses
17. The radius that are large compared with the fiber diameter is called [ ]
(a). Macroscopic bends (b). Random microscopic bends (c). Both A & B (d). None
18. The fiber axis that can arise when the fibers are incorporated into cables. [ ]
(a). Macroscopic bends (b). Random microscopic bends (c). Both A & B (d). None
The bends caused either by non uniformities in the manufacturing of the fiber or by non
19. uniform lateral pressures created during the cabling of the fiber is [ ]

(a). Leaky loss (b). Packaging loss (c). Bending loss (d). Core loss
20. By extruding a compressible jacket over the fiber can minimize [ ]
(a). Macrobending (b).Bending losses (c). Microbending (d). Random
losses losses microscopic bends
21. Signal attenuation is also known as [ ]
(a). Fiber loss (b). Bending loss (c). Absorption loss (d). Cladding loss
_______ determines the maximum transmission distance between a transmitter and a receiver
22. [ ]
or an in-line amplifier
(a). Amplifier (b). Repeater (c). Attenuation (d). None
23. The basic mechanisms in a fiber are [ ]
(a). Absorption (b). Scattering (c). Radiation loss (d). All
24. As light travels along a fiber, its power ______ exponentially with distance. [ ]
(a). Increases (b). Decreases (c). Constant (d). None
25. Optical powers are commonly expressed in units of [ ]
(a). dB/Km (b).dB/m (c). dBm (d).dB
26. Attenuation coefficient is commonly expressed in units of [ ]
(a). dB/Km (b). dB/m (c). dBm (d).dB
27. Absorption is caused by [ ]
(a). Atomic defects (b). Impurity atoms (c). Basic constituent atoms (d). All
____ damage effects depend on the energy of the ionizing particles or rays, the radiation flux
28. [ ]
and the fluence is
(a). Leaky (b). Radiation (c). Order (d). Mode
29. The higher the radiation level, the attenuation will be [ ]
(a). Smaller (b). Equal (c). Very low (d). Larger
30. Impurity absorption losses occurs because of [ ]
(a). Electronic transition (b). Charge transitions (c). Both A & B (d). Only A

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______ Occurs when a photon interacts with an electron in the valence band and excites it to
31. [ ]
higher energy level
(a). Absorption (b). Scattering (c). Radiation (d). Order
32. ɗ Tmod = [ ]
(a). Tmax-Tmin (b). Tmax+Tmin (c). Tmin +Tmax (d). Tmin -Tmax
A fiber with a given index profile α will exhibit different pulse spreading according to the
33. [ ]
source wavelength used is generally called
(a). Polarization mode (b). Material Dispersion (c). Profile Dispersion (d). Waveguide
dispersion Dispersion
34. Pulse distortion will increase less rapidly after a certain initial length of fiber because of [ ]
(a). Mode coupling (b). Differential mode loss (c). Both A & B (d). None
The method to reduce fiber dispersion by spreading the dispersion minimum out over a wide
35. [ ]
range.
(a). Dispersion Flattening (b). Dispersion shifted (c). Matched cladding (d). None
The cladding portion next to the core has s lower index than the outer cladding region is known
36. [ ]
as
(a). Matched cladding (b). Depressed-cladding (c). Dispersion shifted (d). None
37. The cutoff wavelength of the first higher order mode is [ ]
(a). LP11 (b). LP01 (c). TM01 (d). TE01
38. Scattering is associated with [ ]
(a). Fiber Material (b). Structural Imperfections (c). Both A & B (d). Only A
39. 1 rad(Si) = [ ]
(a). 100 erg (b). 100 g (c). 100 g/erg (d). 100 erg/g
When the material is in a perfect state with no density variations, impurities, material
40. [ ]
inhomogeneities is called
(a). External absorption (b). Internal absorption (c). Scattering loss (d). Fiber loss

Prepared by: V. Viswanadha, P. Vijaya.

Page 9
 QUESTION BANK 2017

SIDDHARTH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS :: PUTTUR

Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road – 517583

QUESTION BANK (DESCRIPTIVE)

Subject with Code : Optical Fiber Communication [13A04702] Course & Branch: B.Tech - ECE
Year & Sem: IV-B.Tech & I-Sem Regulation: R13

UNIT –III
Fiber Optical Sources and Coupling

1. a). Explain LED Structure with neat sketch. [L2][CO. 3][6M]

b). A planar LED is fabricated from GaAs which has a refractive index of 3.6. (i) Calculate the
optical power emitted into air as a percentage of the internal optical power for the device when
the transmission factor at the crystal-air interface is 0.68. (ii) When the optical power generated
internally is 50% of the electric power supplied, determine the external power efficiency. .
. [L4][CO. 3][4M]
2. a). Explain in detail the various Lensing schemes for coupling improvement [L2][CO. 3][5M]
b). Discuss about Fiber splicing. [L2][CO. 3][5M]
3. a). Determine the possible losses due to lateral and angular misalignment in an optical fiber?
[L2][CO. 3][6M]
b). Explain the various connectors used in fiber optics? [L2][CO. 3][4M]
4. a). Illustrate the factors involved in launching optical power from a light source to fiber.
. [L3][CO. 3][7M]
b). What is a pig-tailed device? [L1][CO. 3][3M]
5. a). What is fiber joint? Explain joint losses and alignment losses [L1,L2][CO.3][5M]
b). List out the advantages and disadvantages of pig tailing either as fiber optic source or as fiber
optic detector. [L1][CO. 3][5M]
6. a). Derive an expression for power coupling from a large surface emitting LED into smaller step
index fiber. [L4][CO. 3][5M]
b). A GaAs optical source with a refractive index of 3.6 is coupled to a silica fiber that has a
refractive index is 1.48. If the fiber and the source are in close physical contact then find the
Fresnel reflection at the interface and power loss in dB. [L4][CO. 3][5M]
7. a). Differentiate between dispersion limited and an attenuation limited fiber optic links.
[L4][CO. 3][5M]

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 QUESTION BANK 2017

b). Discuss about the point to point fiber optical link. [L2][CO. 3][5M]
8. a). Explain about cylindrical ferrule connectors? [L2][CO. 3][5M]
b). An LED has a 500 µf space charge capacitance, 1.003 ρA saturation current and a 5 ns minority
carrier lifetime find out the half current and 10 to 90 percent risk time when the drive current is
a. (i) 50mA and (ii) 100mA respectively. [L4][CO. 3][5M]
9. a). Derive the expression for lasing and threshold condition of LASER. [L4][CO. 3][6M]
b). What power is radiated by an LED if its quantum efficiency is 3% and the peak wavelength is
. 670nm? [L4][CO. 3][4M]
10. a). Write a short note on Fiber Splicing. [L2][CO. 3][2M]
b). Draw the schematic diagram of a high radiance surface-emitting LED. [L1][CO. 3][2M]
c). Differentiate between spontaneous emission and stimulated emission? [L3][CO. 3][2M]
d). Derive rate equation for LASER diode? [L4][CO. 3][2M]
e). Define Population Inversion. [L2][CO. 3][2M]

Prepared by: V. Viswanadha, P. Vijaya.

SIDDHARTH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS :: PUTTUR

Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road – 517583

QUESTION BANK (OBJECTIVE)

Subject with Code : Optical Fiber Communication [13A04702] Course & Branch: B.Tech - ECE
Year & Sem: IV-B.Tech & I-Sem Regulation: R13
UNIT –III
Fiber Optical Sources and Coupling

Page 11
 QUESTION BANK 2017

1. In a pure crystal at low temperature, the conduction band is completely _______ of electrons [ ]

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 QUESTION BANK 2017

(a). Empty (b). Full (c). Medium (d). None

2. In a pure crystal at low temperature, the valence band is completely _______ of electrons [ ]
(a). Empty (b). Full (c). Medium (d). None
The simplest recombination process of electrons and holes, having the same momentum
3. [ ]
value is called
(d). Direct band
(a). Indirect band gap (b). Lattice constant (c). Epitaxial
gap
The conduction band minimum and the valence band maximum energy levels occurs at
4. [ ]
different values of momentum is called
(d). Direct band
(a). Indirect band gap (b). Lattice constant (c). Epitaxial
gap
5. The spacing between the atoms or groups of atoms is called the [ ]
(a). Lattice constant (b). Lattice Spacing (c). Both A & B (d). Lattice
The _____ method creates regions of high resistivity, thus restricting the current to a narrow
6. [ ]
path between these regions
(b). Electron (c). Proton
(a). Neutron Implantation (d). None
Implantation Implantation
The average time that the photon resides in the lasing cavity before being lost by absorption
7. [ ]
is called
(a). Photon lifetime (b). DBR (c). Spontaneous lifetime (d). None
8. The _____ is a function of the semiconductor band structure and the carrier concentration [ ]
(a). Photon lifetime (b). DBR (c). Spontaneous lifetime (d). None
9. When any losses that are speckle pattern dependent are present in a link is [ ]
(a). Leaky noise (b). Modal noise (c). Thermal noise (d). Photon noise
10. Intensity fluctuations in the longitudinal modes of a laser diode is caused by [ ]
(a). Leaky noise (b). Modal noise (c). Thermal noise (d). Mode partition noise
11. The coupled efficiency of a fiber is defined as [ ]
(a). η=PE/PF (b). η=PF/PE (c). η=PF/PS (d). η=PS/PF
A device with a short length of optical fiber, attached in an optimum power coupling
12. [ ]
configuration is
(a).Fly lead/ Pigtail (b). Fly load (c). Radiance (d). None
13. The reflection coefficient is the ratio of [ ]
(a). r = (n-n1)/(n1+n) (b). r = (n1+n)/(n1-n) (c). r = (n-n1)/(n+n1) (d). r = (n1-n)/(n1+n)
14. R = (n1-n / n1+n)2 , Where R is the [ ]
(a). Reflection coefficient (b). Fresnel reflection (c). Radiance reflection (d). None
If the source emitting area is larger than the fiber core area then the optical power coupled
15. [ ]
into fiber is
(a). Maximum (b). Minimum (c). Medium (d). Constant
16. A permanent bond connection of fiber is generally referred to as a [ ]
(a). Connector (b). Splice (c). Lead (d). Node
17. A demountable joint connection of fiber is known as [ ]
(a). Connector (b). Splice (c). Lead (d). Node
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 QUESTION BANK 2017

Edge emitting diode have an emission pattern , in the plane perpendicular to active region,
18. [ ]
has a FWHM of
(a). 15-55 o (b). 5-10 o (c). 30-50o (d). 30-60 o
Edge emitting diode have an emission pattern , in the plane parallel to the junction, has a
19. FWHM of [ ]

(a). 15-55 o (b). 5-10 o (c). 30-50o (d). 30-60 o

20. The fiber to fiber coupling loss LF is given in terms of Ηf [ ]
(a). -10 log ηF (b). 10 log ηF (c). 20 log ηF (d). None
21. When the two axes form an angle so that the fiber end faces are no longer parallel is called [ ]
(a). Axial (b). Longitudinal (c). Angular
(d). None
displacement displacement misalignment
22. The principal light sources used for fiber optic communications applications are [ ]
(a). LASER (b). LED (c). ILDs (d). All
23. Heterojunction structured semiconductors are [ ]
(a). LASER (b). LED (c). Both A & B (d). None
A ________ consists of two adjoining semiconductor materials with different band-gap
24. [ ]
energies
(a). Heterojunction (b). Homojunction (c). ILDs (d). None
25. The optical output from an LED is [ ]
(a). Coherent (b). Incoherent (c). Monochromatic (d). Spectral
26. The optical output from an LASER is [ ]
(a). Coherent (b). Incoherent (c). Monochromatic (d). Spectral
LEDs have been employed in high speed local area applications in which one wants to
27. [ ]
transmits several wavelengths on the same fiber, this technique is called
(a). Monochromatic (b). Homojunction (c). Spectral Slicing (d). Coherent
28. The isotropic pattern from a surface emitter is called a [ ]
(a). Surface emitters (b). Edge emitters (c). Lambertian pattern (d). Lattice
The peak output power occurs at 810nm, The width of the spectral pattern at its half power
29. [ ]
point is known as
(a).FWHM (b). FMHW (c). FHMW (d). None
30. FWHM stands for [ ]
(a). Full width half (b). Full width half (c). Full wide half (d). Full wide half
minimum maximum maximum minimum
31. The fraction of the electron –hole pair that recombine radiatively is known as [ ]
(a). Internal quantum (b). External quantum
(c). Both A & B (d). None
efficiency efficiency
32. The ratio of the photons emitted from the LED to the number of internally generated photons [ ]
(a). Internal quantum (b). External quantum
(c). Both A & B (d). None
efficiency efficiency
Stimulated emission will exceed absorption only if the population of the excited states is
33. [ ]
greater than that of the ground state. This condition is called
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 QUESTION BANK 2017

(a). Internal quantum (b). External quantum (c). Population (d). Full width half
efficiency efficiency Inversion maximum
34. The extrapolation of the lasing region of the power versus current curve is defined as [ ]
(a). Threshold current (b). Threshold density (c). Density curve (d). None
35. The central region has a higher refractive index than the outer regions [ ]
(a). Positive index (b). Negative index (c). Neutral index (d). None
36. The central region of the active layer has a lower refractive index than the outer regions [ ]
(a). Positive index (b). Negative index (c). Neutral index (d). None
37. In fiber transmission applications an LED must have a [ ]
(a). High radiance (b). Fast emission (c). High quantum
(d). All
output response time efficiency
38. Surface emitters and edge emitters are the two basic configurations of [ ]
(a). LASER (b). LED (c). ILDs (d). All
39. The Plane of the active light emitting region is oriented perpendicular to the axis of the fiber [ ]
(a). Surface emitters (b). Edge emitters (c). Lattice (d). None
40. The sources of the incoherent light, and two guiding layers is [ ]
(a). Surface emitters (b). Edge emitters (c). Lattice (d). None

Prepared by: V. Viswanadha, P. Vijaya.

SIDDHARTH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS :: PUTTUR

Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road – 517583

QUESTION BANK (DESCRIPTIVE)

Subject with Code : Optical Fiber Communication [13A04702] Course & Branch: B.Tech – ECE
Year & Sem: IV-B.Tech & I-Sem Regulation: R13

UNIT –IV
Fiber Optical Receiver
1. a). Explain in detail the operation of Avalanche Photo Diode with its structure. [L2][CO. 4][6M]

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 QUESTION BANK 2017

b). A photo diode has a quantum efficiency of 65% when photons of energy of 1.5 x 10'19 J are
incident upon it. (i) Find the operating wavelength of the photodiode, (ii) Calculate the incident
optical power required to obtain a photo current of 2.5 nA when the photodiode is operating as
described above. [L4][CO. 4][4M]
2. a). Discuss any one type of Preamplifier in detail. [L2][CO. 4][6M]
b). Give the comparisons of photo detectors. [L4][CO. 4][4M]
3. a). Explain the principle behind the operation of an PIN photo diode. [L2][CO. 4][6M]
b). Draw and explain the simple energy band diagram for a PIN photodiode? [L2,L4][CO. 4][4M]
4. a). Illustrate how noises are entered into photo detector? [L3][CO. 4][5M]
b). With simple model and equivalent circuit, explain photo detector receiver? [L2,L4][CO. 4][5M]
5. a). Derive the equation for S/N ratio of an optical fiber? [L4][CO. 4][5M]
b). Explain surface dark current and bulk dark current? [L1,L2][CO. 4][5M]
6. a). Derive the expression for response time of a photodiode? [L4][CO. 4][4M]
b). Explain the working of depletion layer photocurrent with diagram? [L2,L4][CO. 4][6M]
7. a). List the operating parameters of Si, Ge, InGaAs for PIN diode and avalanche photodiode?
[L1][CO. 4][6M]
b). A given silicon avalanche photodiode has a quantum efficiency of 65% at a wavelength of 900
nm. Suppose 0.5 μW of optical power produces a multiplied photocurrent of 10 μA. Calculate
the multiplication M? [L4][CO. 4][4M]
8. a). Explain the digital signal transmission for an optical receiver? [L2][CO. 4][5M]
b). How the noise sources are generated in optical receiver? [L1][CO. 4][5M]

9. a). Explain the mechanism of noise sources and disturbance in the optical pulse detection with
diagram? [L2][CO. 4][6M]
b). Define intersymbol interference with diagram? [L1,L4][CO. 4][4M]
10. a) Define quantum efficiency? [L2][CO. 4][2M]
b) What are the conditions to be met to achieve a high S/N ratio [L1][CO. 4][2M]
c) List out the factors that the Response time depends on. [L1][CO. 4][2M]
d) Define bit error rate? [L2][CO. 4][2M]
e) What are the various noise sources and disturbances in optical pulse detection mechanism
. [L1][CO. 4][2M]

Prepared by: V.Viswanadha,P.Vijaya.

Page 16
 QUESTION BANK 2017

SIDDHARTH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS :: PUTTUR

Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road – 517583

QUESTION BANK (OBJECTIVE)

Subject with Code : Optical Fiber Communication [13A04702] Course & Branch: B.Tech – ECE
Year & Sem: IV-B.Tech & I-Sem Regulation: R13

UNIT –IV
Fiber Optical Receiver

1. The important characteristics of photo detector are its

(b). Response
(a). Quantum efficiency (c). Both A & B (d). None [ ]
speed
2. Responsivity R=
(a). IP/ P0 (b). P0/ IP (c). nq/ nh (d). hv/ nq [ ]
In most photodiodes the power level falling on the detector at a given photon energy is
3.
independent of
(b). Quantum
(a). Responsivity (c). Response speed (d). None [ ]
efficiency
4. Avalanche photodiode ______ receiver sensitivity
(a). Decreases (b). Medium (c). Increases (d). Constant [ ]
5. The carrier multiplication mechanisms is called
(b). Reach (d). Impact
(a). RAPD (c). Quantum [ ]
through ionization
A commonly used structure for achieving carrier multiplication with very little excess noise is
6.
the___
(b). Reach
(d). Impact
(a). RAPD through (c). Quantum [ ]
ionization
construction
7. To generate a large signal power, the photo detector must have a _____ Quantum efficiency
(a). Medium (b). Low (c). High (d). Constant [ ]
8. The photo detector and amplifier should be kept as ________ as possible.
(a). Medium (b). Low (c). High (d). Constant [ ]
The sensitivity of a photo detector in optical fiber communication system is describable in
9.
terms of
(b). Maximum
(a). Minimum detectable detectable
(c). Threshold voltage (d). None [ ]
optical power optical
power
10. The statistical nature of the production and the collection of photo electrons generates the
(b). Quantum
(a). Shot noise (c). Both A & B (d). None [ ]
noise
11. For PIN photodiode, M (multiplication) and F(M) noise figure are
(a). Constant (b). Unity (c). Low (d). High [ ]
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 QUESTION BANK 2017

12. _____ photo detectors involve the conversion of photons to heat

(a). Pyroelectric (b). Photomultiplier (c). Photoconductor (d). Photodiodes [ ]
A photocathode and the electron multiplier packaged in a vacuum tube are capable of very high
13.
gain and very low noise is
(a). Pyroelectric (b). Photomultiplier (c). Photoconductor (d). Photodiodes [ ]
The current flow in an external circuit, with one electron flowing for every carrier pair
14.
generated is called
(a). Photocurrent (b). Photomultiplier (c). Photoconductor (d). Photodiodes [ ]
15. The time taken by an electron or hole to recombine is known as
(b).
(a). Diffusion length (c). Carrier lifetime (d). Photocurrent [ ]
Photocarrier
16. The cutoff wavelength for Si in PIN photodector is about
(a). 1.25μm (b). 1.6 μm (c). 1.75 μm (d). 1.06 μm [ ]
17. The cutoff wavelength for Ge in PIN photodector is about
(b). 1.6
(a). 1.25μm (c). 1.75 μm (d). 1.06 μm [ ]
μm
18. The discrete nature of current flow in the device causes
(a). Internal Noise (b). External Noise (c). Thermal Noise (d). Shot Noise [ ]
19. The unwanted noise from atmosphere and equipment-generated is called
(a). Internal Noise (b). External Noise (c). Thermal Noise (d). Shot Noise [ ]
20. ISI stands for
(a). Inter symbol (b).Inter signal (c). Intra signal (d). Interaction symbol
[ ]
interference interference interact interference
21. BER =
(a). Ne/ Bt (b). Ne/ Nt (c). Both A & B (d). None [ ]
The minimum received optical power required for a specified BER performance in a digital
22.
system is called
(a). Minimum detectable signal (b). ISI (c). Quantum limit (d). None [ ]
23. The Rise time of Ge for avalanche photodiodes is
(a). 0.4-0.6 (b). 0.7-0.9 (c). 0.6-0.8 (d). 0.5-0.8 [ ]
24. The bandwidth of InGaAs for PIN photodiodes
(a). 1-2 (b). 2-3 (c). 3-4 (d). 4-5 [ ]
25. The mean square value ‹i2DS› = σ2DS = 2qILB is
(a). Bulk dark
(b). Surface dark current (c). Quantum current ((d). Reverse current [ ]
current
26. The detector load resistor and the active elements of the amplifier circuitry dominates noises in
(a). PIN photodiode (b). Avalanche photodiodes (c). Both A & B (d). None [ ]
27. The thermal noise is less important and the photo detector noises usually dominate in
(a). PIN photodiode (b). Avalanche photodiodes (c). Both A & B (d). None [ ]
28. To achieve a high quantum efficiency, the depletion layer width W must be much larger than
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 QUESTION BANK 2017

(a). 1/ αs (b). αs/ 1 (c). αs/ αp (d). None [ ]

29. The responsivity of silicon for PIN photodiodes is
(a). 0.5-0.8 (b). 0.6-0.4 (c). 0.4-0.6 (d). 0.3-0.7 [ ]
The criterion for measuring the performance of a digital communication system is the
30.
___Probability
(a). Error source (b). Spontaneous error (c). Bit error (d). Average error [ ]
Electrons or holes which are thermally generated in the pn junction of the photo diode gives
31.
raise to
(b). Surface leakage ((c). Quantum
(a). Bulk dark current (d). Reverse current [ ]
current current
32. The current which is dependent on surface defects, cleanliness, bias voltage, and surface area is
(b). Surface leakage (d). Reverse
(a). Bulk dark current (c). Quantum current [ ]
current current
33. In normal usage, the _______ is operated in fully depleted mode
(a). RAPD (b). Reach through (c). Quantum (d). Impact ionization [ ]
34. The configuration, where boron and silicon are used as a dopants for silicon is
(a). p+πpn+ structure (b). p-πnp+ structure (c). npn structure (d). p-πpn- structure [ ]
The average number of electron-hole pairs created by a carrier per unit distance traveled is
35.
called the
(a). Quantum rate (b). Impact rate (c). Ionization rate (d). None [ ]
36. Electron ionization rate is denoted with
(a). α (b). β (c). Ω (d). η [ ]
37. Hole ionization rate is denoted with
(a). α (b). β (c). Ω (d). η [ ]
38. The ratio k =
[ ]
(a). α/ β (b). β/ α (c). η/ α (d). Ω/ β

39. The noise caused by spontaneous fluctuations of current or voltage in electric circuits is
(a). Internal Noise (b). External Noise (c). Thermal Noise (d). None [ ]
40. The random motion of electrons in a conductor generates
(a). Internal Noise (b). External Noise (c). Thermal Noise (d). None [ ]

Prepared by: V. Viswanadha, P. Vijaya.

.

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 QUESTION BANK 2017

SIDDHARTH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS :: PUTTUR

Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road – 517583

QUESTION BANK [DESCRIPTIVE]

Subject with Code : Optical Fiber Communication [13A04702] Course & Branch: B.Tech – ECE
Year & Sem: IV-B.Tech & I-Sem Regulation: R13

UNIT –V
System Design and Appliations

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 QUESTION BANK 2017

1. Analyze the
Power Budget of
Optical Fibre
Communication in
terms of analog
system design.
[L4][CO.6][10M]
2. Describe in detail about Rise time Budget of Optical Fibre Communication in-terms of digital
system design. [L4, L2][CO.6][10M]
3. a). Analyze the system performance using link power budget of analog systems. [L4][CO.6][6M]
b). How responsivity and sensitivity of optical receiver will effect on system performance
[L1][CO.5][4M]
4. a). Define CNR. Derive the mathematical form. [L1,L4][CO.5][6M]
b). LED spectral width of 40nm has rise time of 15ns, tmat is 21ns, trx is 14ns and tmod is 3.9ns. Find
total system rise time. [L4][CO.6][4M]
5. a). Explain optical power loss model for a point to point link. [L2][CO.6][6M]
b). What is significance of system consideration in point-to-point fiber links? Explain? .
. [L2][CO.5][4M]
6. a). What is meant by detector response type? [L1][CO.5][5M]
b). Calculate the responsivity of detector of with quantum efficiency of 10% at 800nm
[L4][CO.6][5M]
7. a). Considering the probability distributions for log 0 and 1 signal pulses, derive the expression
for BER and error function. [L4]
[CO.5][6M]
b). List the system specification for the design of digital system and explain it? [L1][CO.5][4M]
8. a). Derive the system performance using bandwidth budget for analog system. [L4][CO.5][5M]
b). An optical transmission system is constrained to have 500 GHZ channel spacing. How many
wavelength channels can be utilized in the 1536 to 1556 nm spectral band? [L4][CO.6][5M]
9. a). Analyze the system performance using link power budget of digital systems. [L4][CO.5][6M]
b). Write short notes on multichannel frequency modulation? [L1][CO.5][4M]
10. a) What is Power Budget? [L1][CO.5][2M]
b). Define Receiver Sensitivity [L1][CO.6][2M]
c). Compare LED and LASER light sources? [L3][CO.5][2M]
d). Draw the block diagram of analog link. [L1][CO.5][2M]

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 QUESTION BANK 2017

e). Derive carrier power for C/ N ratio? [L4][CO.6][2M]

Prepared by: V. Viswanadha, P. Vijaya.

SIDDHARTH GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS :: PUTTUR

Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road – 517583

QUESTION BANK [OBJECTIVE]

Subject with Code : Optical Fiber Communication [13A04702] Course & Branch: B.Tech – ECE
Year & Sem: IV-B.Tech & I-Sem Regulation: R13

UNIT –V
System Design and Applications
1. HFC stands for [ ]
(a). Hybrid fiber/ coax (b). Hybrid fiber cable (c). Hyber fi cable (d). Hole fine cable
2. The simplest form used by optical fiber links is [ ]
(a). Amplitude (b). Frequency (c). Direct intensity
(d).Phase modulation
modulation modulation modulation
Harmonic distortions, inter modulation products, RIN in the laser , and the laser clipping is
3. [ ]
called
(a). Signal pairments (b). Signal impairments (c). Hybrid fiber/ coax (d). None
4. To send a signal free of linear distortion, the fiber should have a [ ]
(a). Flat amplitude (b). Group delay response (c).Both A and B (d). None
5. ASE stands for [ ]
(a). Amplified spontaneous (b). Analog signal (c). Analog Sign
(d). None
emission emission Entry
6. Avalanche photodiode bias voltages ranges from [ ]
(a). >10 (b).> 40 (c). > 5 (d). >20
7. In choosing a particular photo detector, we must need to determine [ ]
(a). Minimum optical Power (b). Maximum optical Power (c). Very high power (d). None
8. The spectral output of LASER is [ ]
(a). Broad (b). Narrower (c). Shallow (d). None
9. Laser diodes typically couple from [ ]
(a). 5 to 10 dB (b). 10 to 20 dB (c). 10 to 15dB (d). 20 to 25 dB
10. _____ tends to be used with multimode fibers [ ]
(a). LED (b). LASER (c). Both A and B (d). None
11. A single mode fiber can provide the ultimate bit rate distance product, with values of over [ ]
(a). 200 Gb/s (b). 300 Gb/s (c). 400 Gb/ s (d). 500 Gb/s
12. For higher values, a laser must be used at these wavelengths [ ]
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 QUESTION BANK 2017

(a). 3600 Mb/s (b). 2500 Mb/s (c). 4000 Mb/s (d). 2800 Mb/s
13. If the core-cladding index difference Δ = 0.01, the numerical aperture NA = [ ]
(a). 0.12 (b). 0.36 (c). 0.02 (d). 0.21
14. As Δ increases, correspondingly the fiber coupled power [ ]
(a). Increase (b). Decreases (c). Constant (d). None
15. The better fiber-optic system is [ ]
(a). 3 repeaters (b). 8 repeaters (c). 11 repeaters (d). 20 repeaters
16. In an optical network, increase in the number of lasers ________the bit rate. [ ]
(a). Increases (b). Stabilizes (c). Decreases (d). None
17. The typical wavelength of light emitted from epitaxially grown LEDs is [ ]
(a). 840 nm (b). 490 nm (c). 480 nm (d). 940 nm
18. One of the following is not a characteristic of light detectors [ ]
(a). Responsitivity (b). Spectral response (c). Transmit time (d). Dispersion
19. The unit of responsitivity is given as [ ]
(a). Ampere/volt (b). Ampere/watt (c). Watt/ampere (d). Volts/ampere
The parameter of light detector that determines the range or system length that can be achieved
20. [ ]
for a given wavelength is
(a). Transit time (b). Spectral response (c). Dark current (d). Responsitivity
21. What is used to block light from a laser and let other light through [ ]
(a). Neutral density (b). Color (c). Interference (d). Spatial
22. An important requirement for successful transmission system using light [ ]
(a). Powerful, reliable (c). Reliable, high cost (d). Powerful
(b). Strong glass
light source transmission medium regenerators
23. FEC stands for [ ]
(a). Fast error (b). Forward error (c). First error
(d). None
correction correction correction
24. The analyses to ensure that the desired system performance can be met by [ ]
(a). Link power budget (b). System time budget (c).Both A & B (d). None
_______ Determines the power margins between the optical transmitter output and the minimum
25. [ ]
receiver sensitivity
(a). Link power budget (b). System time budget (c).Both A & B (d). None
26. In carrying out a link power budget, we first decide at which ______ to transmit. [ ]
(a). Frequency (b). Bandwidth (c). Attenuation (d). Wavelength
The distance where the data are to be transmitted is not too far means ,the wavelength can be
27. [ ]
operated in
(a). 800-900 nm (b).1300-1550nm (c).900-1100 nm (d). 1100-1350nm
The distance where the data are to be transmitted is too long means , wavelength can be
28. [ ]
operated in
(a). 800-900 nm (b).1300-1550nm (c).900-1100 nm (d). 1100-1350nm
29. PIN photo diode bias voltages are normally less than [ ]

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 QUESTION BANK 2017

(a). 10 (b). 40 (c). 5 (d). 20

30. RIN stands for [ ]
(a). Real inter noise (b). Relative intensity noise (c). Real intra noise (d). None
31. With increasing Δ, dispersion becomes [ ]
(a). Smaller (b). Medium (c). Greater (d). Unity
32. The _____ is derived from the sequential loss contributions of each element in the link [ ]
(a). Link loss budget (b). Rise time Budget (c). System Budget (d). Power Budget
33. Loss= 10 log Pout/ Pin [ ]
(a). Rise time Budget (b). Link loss budget (c). System Budget (d). Power Budget
The analysis to allow for component aging, temperature fluctuations and losses arising from
34. [ ]
components is
(a). Rise time Budget (b). Power Budget (c). Link power margin (d). System Budget
35. The generally used link power margin for the systems is [ ]
(a). 6-8 dB (b). 7-9 dB (c). 5-7 dB (d). 8-10 dB
36. The total power loss PT is given as [ ]
(a). Ps+PR (b). PR –Ps (c). PR +Ps (d). Ps-PR
The convenient method of analysis for determining dispersion limitation of an optical fiber link
37. [ ]
is
(a). Rise time Budget (b). Link loss budget (c). System Budget (d). Power Budget
38. The time interval between g(t) = 0.1 and g(t) = 0.9, is known as [ ]
(a). 10-20% rise time (b). 10-90% rise time (c). 20-100% rise time (d). 80% rise time
39. To increase the end to end fidelity of an optical transmission line,we can use [ ]
(a). FER (b). BER (c). FEC (d). None
40. The system requirements needed to analyze a link are [ ]
(a). Transmission distance (b). Channel Bandwidth (c). BER (d). All

Prepared by: V. Viswanadha, P. Vijaya.

Page 24