Operational amplifier.

Cristián David Pinto González, Carlos Mateo Castillo Ayala, Yineth Marcela Vargas Quintero
Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores.

Abstract

In our laboratory practice, the calculations versus the real will be analyzed, interpreted and
demonstrated about the operation of a non-inverting amplifier of gain 3 (The operational amplifier
(AO) is a circuit whose popularity and use has
Grown in a dizzying way in recent years thanks to the large number of operations) implemented in
a breadboard in such a way that the circuit with the amplifier works perfectly.

Key words: operational amplifier, circuit, electronics, inverter, non-inverter, signal, voltage, gain

Introduction: compensation very relevant and of interest

The operational amplifier (AOP) is a circuit
whose popularity and use has grown
dramatically in recent years thanks to the large
number of operations in which it can be used,
in analog electronics, virtually all, and digital
electronics in enough. Much of this popularity
is due to the emergence of the integration of
semiconductors, with which this circuit is now
available in the form of small integrated
circuits of low price, considering it as an
electronic component.
The term of operational amplifier was named
to designate a class of amplifiers that allow
performing a series of operations such as
addition, subtraction, multiplication,
integration, differentiation ..., important
within analog computing.
The emergence and development of integrated
technology, which allowed a large number of
devices to be manufactured on a single
monolithic silicon substrate, led to the
emergence of integrated operational amplifiers
that led to a revolution in analog applications.
The AOP is a star element in analog systems,
with it we can amplify signals, attenuate them,
filter them, etc. The analog control systems
find in the AOP a very simple switching
element.
One of the models of AOPs that ousted their
rivals at the time with a technique of internal
even in our days was the AOP 741, a circuit
that for its good characteristics, price-
reliability and good availability, they make
you the most used title. Amplifiers based on
CMOS technology have emerged as part of the
more complex VLSI circuits, although their
electrical characteristics cannot compete with
those of bipolar technology. Its field of
application is more restrictive but simple
structure and its relative low area of occupancy
make them suitable in applications where high
performance is not needed, such as switching
capacity circuits.
Non-inverting amplifier
This circuit has as its most outstanding feature
its ability to maintain the phase of the signal,
in the previous section we saw how to connect
the terminal VP to ground and enter the input
signal through the terminal VN, the output
signal Vo was inverted with respect to the
entrance. If, on the contrary, the functions of
the input terminals are reversed, the result is a
non-inverting amplifier, whose basic circuit is
shown in Figure 1
To analyze this circuit we will use the same
methodology and reasoning of the non-
inverting amplifier circuit
 electronic devices capable of performing a
large number of functions within of an
electronic circuit, depending on how it is
placed inside it and as engineers it is our duty
to know how to implement, design and
interpret the operation of said amplifier.

 One of the disadvantages of the

Figure 1: AO non-inverter
Overall objective:
 Design a non-inverting operational
amplifier with gain 3 and by means of
the theoretical calculations and
fundamentals previously learned in
class, verify the operation of said
circuit in the breadboard.
Operational Amplifiers is that you
need to have a symmetric power
supply, that is, one positive voltage
and the other negative but the two of
equal value.
 Another disadvantage is that they
cannot be used for high frequencies
because they do not respond in the
same way as they do at low
frequencies.
 The Operational Amplifiers do not
work to work with medium and high
powers.
Actual operational amplifier

The actual amplifier differs from the ideal

in several aspects:
Specific objectives:
 Design a non-inverting amplifier
calculate the base resistance for the
amplifier to obtain the indicated gain
(3).
 Perform the experimental montage
and demonstrate its functionality by
applying the theoretical knowledge
learned in class.
 Calculate the powers of the resistors
implemented in the circuit.
Problem formulation:
Nowadays, in the world of electronics,
operational amplifiers are widely used. In fact
many advanced electronic devices are based
on operational amplifiers. Integrated circuits
today have thousands and millions of
components inside, including the operational
amplifier. Operational amplifiers, also called
Op Amp for its acronym in English, are
 Open loop gain, for continuous
current, from 100,000 to more
than 1,000,000.
 Finite input resistance, from 0.3
MΩ onwards.
 Non-zero output resistance.
 Non-zero input current, generally
10 nA in bipolar technology
circuits.
 Non-zero input unbalance
voltage, in certain devices is ± 15
mV
 Rejection of common mode not
infinite, although large, in some
cases, from 80 to 95 dB.
 Rejection to non-infinite power
supply.
 Characteristics affected by the
operating temperature.
 It derives from the characteristics,
due to the aging of the device.
  Finite bandwidth, purposely
limited by the design or by
characteristics of the materials.
 Presence of thermal noise.
 Presence of capacitive effects at
the entrance due to the proximity
of the terminals to each other.
 Limited output current.
 Limited dissipated power.

Experimental setup:

Figure 4: Circuit assembly

Data obtained and analysis:

Table 1: simulator results vs calculations

Graph 1: Simulator Vs Calculations

Table 2: Power
Discussion of results: