SEWAGE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL TOPIC: 6

(CE ELECT-401)

• SEWAGE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL

• TYPES OF SEWAGE

• TYPES OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM

• COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL

• TREATMENT

• SEWERAGE PROVISIONS UNDER THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE

PHILIPPINES (NBCP)

• OTHER SEWERAGE PROVISION

(REPORTERS: ERY JAN URETA , RABBIE JAMES PAMISA)

SUMMARY

This are the types of sewage namely; Domestic sewage, Industrial

sewage and Storm sewage.Sewage water - carried waste, in
solution or suspension that is intended to be removed from a
community. Also known as domestic or municipal wastewater, it is
characterized by volume or rate of flow, physical condition,
chemical and toxic constituents, and its bacteriologic status
(which organisms it contains and in what quantities).

Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from

municipal wasteswater, containing mainly household sewage plus
some industrial wastewater. Sewage may be collected from
homes by pipes into septic tanks or cesspits, where it may be
treated or collected in vehicles and taken for treatment or
disposal. Sewage treatment is the process of removing the
contaminants from sewage to produce liquid and solid (sludge)
suitable for discharge to the environment or for reuse. It is a form
of waste management. Sewage may be treated to control water
pollution before discharge to surface waters. Sanitary sewers
serving industrial areas also carry industrial wastewater.From NBCP
provision, Sanitary sewage from buildings and neutralized or pre-
treated industrial wastewater shall be discharged directly into the
nearest street sanitary sewer main of existing Municipal or city
sanitary sewerage system in accordance with the criteria set by
the Code on Sanitation and the National Pollution Control
Commission. Sewage water can travel towards treatments plants
via piping and in a flow aided by gravity and pumps.

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MARCH 29, 2019

Refuse Disposal TOPIC: 7
(CE ELECT-401

 Refuse disposal
 Solid-waste management
 Waste management developed
 Solid-waste collection
 The different methods of refuse disposal

(reporter:FERMAN FRANCISCO, CARMEL OBRIQUE, VINCENT

VOLUNTANTE)

SUMMARY

Refuse disposal system. Refuse disposal sytem , technique for the

collection, treatment, and disposal of the solid wastes of a
community .The development and operation of these systems is
often called solid waste management. The solid waste is a generic
term used to describe the things we through away that include
garbage, refuse, trash, and others. The municipal solid waste
consists of solid waste from houses, streets and public places, shops,
offices, and hospitals.

Waste disposal is a multibillion dollar industry in the united

state.However, there are many hazards inherent in the treatment
and disposal of wastewater and biosolid material.Major hazards
associated with waste effluents are pathogenic microorganism
including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and helmiths. Solid waste are
all the waste arising from human and animal activities that are
normally solid in nature and its management associated with all
activities pertaining to the control, collection, transportation,
processing and disposal in accordance with the best principles of
public health, economics, engineering, conservation, esthetics and
other environmental considerations. . Management of these types
of waste is most often responsibility of municipal or other
governmental authorities.

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MARCH 29,2019
RODENT CONTROL TOPIC:8
(CE-ELECT-401)

 RODENT CONTROL
 THE SIGNS OF A RODENT INFESTATIONS
 THE DISEASES TRANSMITTED BY RODENTS
 TO KNOW HOW TO MANAGE RODENTS
 THE COMPONENTS OF A MUNICIPAL RODENT MANAGEMENT
PROGRAM
(reporter: DURANA APRILLE, DAPULAZA MARK DAVE,

SUMMARY

The word rodent means to "to gnaw. “ Rodents are mammals

of the order Rodentia, which are characterized by a single
pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and
lower jaws. A typical large city in the United States annually
receives more than 10,000 complaints about rodent problems
and performs tens of thousands of rodent control inspections
and baiting services. People are very concerned about
rodent control – and with good reason. Rodents consume
and contaminate food with their fur, urine and faeces. Rat
burrowing causes streets and structures to collapse.

The following are the components of a municipal rodent

management programthe integrity of structures through
regular inspections and maintenancesanitary conditions by
adequate cleaning, trash removal and use of rodent-proof
containers,the rodent-proofing of structures by sealing entry
points and maintaining landscaping that does not encourage
rodent harbourage effective structural pest control service,
and the training of employees in established standards of
operation that help prevent and reduce rodent infestation.

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 MARCH 29 201
Mosquito control TOPIC: 9
(CE ELECT. 501)
Mosquito CONTROL

Life Cycle of Mosquito

The different types of Mosquito

Mosquito Diseases

The ways on how to control Mosquito

(REPORTER:Bryan Rovic Borja

Lendy Gilbaliga)

SUMMARY

Almost everyone has had the unpleasant experience of being

bitten by a mosquito.Mosquito bites can cause skin irritation
through an allergic reaction to the mosquitos saliva this is what
causes the red bump and itching.But a more serious
consequence of some mosquito bites may be transmission of
serious diseases and virus such as malaria,can lead to
disabling and potentially deadly effects such as
ancephalitis,meningitis and microcephany.
Mosquito has a four distinct stages of life cycle the
egg,larva,pupa and adult.Mosquito is very dangerous.They
are the main vectors that transmit many diseases that are
extremely harmful to humans but there are ways on how to
control mosquito.There are simple but effective ways that can
help us to control mosquito by cleaning our sorroundings.

Not only can mosquitos carry diseases that afflict humans,but

they also can transmit several diseases and parasites that
dogs and horses are very susceptible to .This include dog
heart worms,eastern equine encephalitis and west nile virus.
There are around 3000 species of mosquito around the
world.Between 150-200 species in north Africa,26 species
reported in west Virginia and 85 species in texas. Here are
some mosquitos
species.(Anopheles,Coquillettidia,Culex,Culiseta,Mansonia,P
sorophora,Uranotaenia,Wyeomyia,Aedes.

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MARCH 29,2019
FLY CONTROL TOPIC: 10
( CE ELECT. 501)
Flies
 Common Flying Insect Pests
 Life Cycle
Public Health Importance
Breeding Sites
Control Measures
Pest Management
(REPORTER:ALYSSA JEAN RIVERA, RICO FUENTES, ABEGAIL
BENOSA)

SUMMARY
Sanitation & Fly control is critical in a good fly management
program.The goal in sanitation is to move or prevent any
medium where fly larvae will develop. In this topic we learned
about the different types of flies which are house fly, blow fly,
cluster fly and fruit fly. And their life cycle: starts in eggs
followed by larva, pupa and lastly is adult. We also
discovered the public health importance, causing to many
flies becomes nuisance to many people and to considered
unhygienic lifestyle.
We also knew the diseases that can transmit by carrying
through different flies. First is Enteric infections (such as
dysentery, diarrhoea, typhoid, cholera and certain helminth
infections), Eye infections (such as trachoma and epidemic .
But the main topic in this report is to how control and how
to manage nuisance pest, by cleaning the possible breeding
sites (Dung, Garbage and waste from food processing,
Organic manure and Sewage. Flies can be killed directly by
insecticides or physical means such as traps, sticky tapes, fly
swats and electrocuting grids. and by the pest management.
There are four basic principles of pest management important
in controlling house flies: sanitation, exclusion, non-chemical
measures, and chemical methods. These are listed in order of
lasting effectiveness.
 MARIA CRISTINA CAPALLA
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MARCH 29,2019

MILK AND FOOD SANITATION TOPIC: 11

( CE ELECT. 401)
Food Sanitation
Food Poisoning
Types of food poisoning
Types of food contaminants
Milk sanitation
Hygienic milk production at the farm
Milk transport to processing factory
Dairy sanitary at the farm

(REPORTERS:Allyn Rose Colona, Maria Kristela Villareal ,Ronelyn

Pabelico)

SUMMARY

Throughout history , milk and milk products have been staples

of the diets of young and old around the world. In fact, milk
contains nine essential nutritious nutrients, making it one of the
most nutritious beverages one can enjoy.
Food poisoning also known as food borne illness occurs when
you swallow food or water that contains bacteria, parasites,
viruses, or toxins made by these germs. This only happens
when the 5 keys to safer foods are being neglected. There are
three types of food contaminants which are Biological,
Physical and Chemical contaminants. Biological
contaminants are those microbial organisms such as bacteria
and other microorganisms that contaminates food. Physical
contaminants are those physical property such as the hair,
staple wire and dust. Lastly, Chemical contaminants are those
chemical substances such as pesticides, cleaning products
and sanitizers.
Milk contributes many nutrients and vitamins to human body,
therefore proper sanitation on its production should be
practice. Milk sanitation is concerned with the sanitary quality
of fluid milk and fluid milk products, and frozen desserts. Proper
sanitation should be observed during its production and also
to the consumers. Milk came from different sources just like the
cow. Without the proper sanitation in producing milk we
could get different illnesses because of the bacteria and
microorganisms present. Some examples of disease causing
bacteria we can found in milk are brucella, E. coli and
salmonella. However there are also good bacteria founded
which greatly helps the immune system of the bodies and also
helps in fighting different diseases. Examples of these are the
lactobacillus, lactococcus and bifidobacterium.

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STREAM SANITATION TOPIC: 12
( CE ELECT. 401)
STREAM SANITATION
TYPES OF STREAM
SOURCES OF STREAM POLLUTION
EFFECT OF STREAM POLLUTION
(REPORTER: THRECIA MAE CORONADO, ANDREW LINGHON, JOHN KELVIN
FLORINO)

SUMMARY

A stream is a body of water with a current, confirmed with in a bed and

banks.Depending on its location or certain characteristics, a stream
may be referred to as a branch , brook, beck, burn, creek, criek, ghyll,
gill, kill, lick, millrace, race, rill, river, syke, bayou, rivulet, streamage ,
wash, run, or runnel. Streams are important as conduits in the water
cycle, instruments in groundwater recharge, and corridors for fish and
wild life migration. The biological habitat in the immediate vicinity of a
stream is called a riparian zone.
Given the status of the ongoing Holocene extinction , streams play an
important corridor role in connecting fragmented habitats and thus in
conserving biodiversity. The study of streams and waterways in general
is known as surface hydrology and is a core element of environmental
geography.

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MARCH 29, 2019

HOUSING AND SWIMMING POOL SANITATION TOPIC: 13
( CE ELECT. 401)

Housing and Pool Sanitation

Science & Technology Reported

Chemical Used to Disinfect

Swimming Pool Water

(REPORTER:Loreme De Ama , Khianalynn Aguilar, Jonas

Dadula)

SUMMARY

To prevent contaminant and diseases. So it is necessary to

have proper sanitation in order to lessen the level of
microorganism and pathogens.
Housing is one of the traditional area of concern for
public health, through it has been relatively neglected over
decade.Pool sanitation is the process of ensuring healthy
conditions in swimming pool and to reduce the level of
microorganism and pathogens to safe levels as established
by local, state or federal authorities. Our pool sanitation must
begin to make sure a pool is properly sanitized; pool owner
should begin with a professional grade water testing kit. A test
kit should include at minimum, the capability to test pH,
alkalinity, free chlorine, total chlorine, cyan uric acid, and
calcium hardness. Pool sanitation typically relies on a
chemical sanitizer or a nonchemical pool sanitizer.
Modern ultraviolet systems are non-chemical. Chlorine is most
widely used chemical for swimming pool sanitation, though
several alternative sanitation methods have recently gained
popularity. Bromine is very similar to chlorine as applies to
swimming pool sanitation. Its properties are thus intermediate
between those of chlorine and iodine. Ozone is unstable,
inorganic gas that is created when free oxygen atoms colloid
with oxygen molecules. Ionizers release ions of copper and
hard metals into swimming pool water. The advantages and
the disadvantages of chemicals use in sanitizing the pools.

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INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE TOPIC:14
(CE ELECT. 401)

INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

Elements of Industrial Hygiene

Air Contaminants

(REPORTER:Alliah De La Cruz, Juvelyn Mentino, Iryn Vigo)

SUMMARY

Industrial hygienists analyze, identify, and measure workplace hazards or stresses

that can cause sickness, impaired health, or significant discomfort in workers
through chemical, physical, ergonomic, or biological exposures. Two roles of the
OSHA industrial hygienist are to spot those conditions and help eliminate or control
them through appropriate measures.

The following are the most common particulate contaminants include:

Dusts are solid particles generated by handling, crushing, grinding, colliding,
exploding, and heating organic or inorganic materials such as rock, ore, metal,
coal, wood, and grain
Fumes are formed when material from a volatilized solid condenses in cool air.
In most cases, the solid particles resulting from the condensation react with air
to form an oxide.
Fibers are solid particles whose length is several times greater than their
diameter, such as asbestos.
Gases are formless fluids that expand to occupy the space or enclosure in
which they are confined.
Elements of Industrial Hygiene(Anticipating Hazards,Hazard
Recognition,Evaluation,Controlling Hazards)

That science and art devoted to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and
control of those environmental factors or stresses arising in or from the workplace,
which may cause sickness, impaired health and well-being, or significant
discomfort among workers or among the citizens of the community. Industrial
Hygiene includes the development of corrective measures to control health
hazards by either reducing or eliminating the exposure.

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AIR POLLUTION TOPIC: 15
( CE ELECT. 401)

AIR POLLUTION
Sources of Air Pollution
Causes and Effects of Air pollution
Major Sources of Air pollution
(REPORTER:RICHMERLIE SILVESTRE, BRYAN MEDINA, JULUIS ARCENO)

SUMMARY

. Air pollution is defined as the presence of toxic chemicals or compounds

(including those of biological origin) in the air, at levels that pose a health risk. Car
emissions, chemicals from factories, dust, pollen, and spores may be suspended
as particles. Air Ozone, a gas, is a major part of air pollution in cities. When ozone
forms air pollution, it’s also called smog. Some air pollutants are poisonous.
Inhaling them can increase the chance of having health problems. People with
heart or lung disease, older adults pollution is defined as the presence of toxic.

Air pollutants are substances that accumulate in the air to a degree that is harmful
to living organisms or to materials exposed to the air. Such pollutants may be
present as solid particles, liquid droplets, or gases. A pollutant can be man-made
or natural sources. The pollutants are classified as primary or secondary.

In this report we will going to tackle about what air pollution for us to be able to
Be familiar with the pollutants in the air, know the sources of air pollution,
distinguish the different kinds of diseases caused by air pollution and know the
ways on reducing air pollution.

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MARCH 29, 2019

RADIOLOGICAL HEALTH TOPIC:16
( CE ELECT. 401)

RADIOLOGICAL HEALTH
RADIOLOGY
ADVANTAGES OF RADIOLOGY
RADIOLOGY PROFESSION
PROFESSION IN RADIATION THERAPHY
(REPORTER:KATE SYNDALLE ALOVERA, JOHN DENNED ROBISO,
JEMIBEL BIBA)

SUMMARY

The radiological health program works to protect the public

and the environment from unnecessary exposure to radiation
and radioactive substances. Staff inspect x-ray
instruments,provide license to x-ray facilities, manage the
statewide radiological environmentalsurveillance program,
and coordinate radiological environmental tests by the
health department laboratory.
To protect rhode islanders from excessive exposure to ionizing
and non-ionizing radiation through ensuring the safe use of
radioactive materials, x-ray equipment, and tanning
equipment.

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ODOR CONTROL IN SANITATION TOPIC: 17

(CE ELECT. 401)

ODOR CONTROL IN SANITATION

Odor Control
Cause of Odor
Effect of odor
Treatment in odor
(REPORTER: IRISH JANE MINA, JURIS AGTAS)

SUMMARY

We have the following example why odor occur such as

Animals: Confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs).
Human activities: Compost, sewage, garbage, fires,
household cleaning agents. Industry: Oil refineries, landfills,
paper mills, wastewater treatment plants. Nature: Moist soil,
gardens, fires. Vehicles: Diesel exhaust. And the following are
the technologies on how to prevent odor such as legislative
control having the power to make laws and physical control
relating to the body of a person instead of the mind. In
legislative control we have Restricting operating times of day
and Zoning restrictions while in physical control we have
Emission control system and Filtering techniques. An example
of a point source are Incineration, Wet Scrubbing, Adsorption
or Dry Scrubbing and Biofilters and Chemical Filtration. While
the example in control technologies for area sources is
Floating covers. And for both area and point sources are
Dispersion and Odor modification. In this technologies and
tips we will be able to know on how we will prevent the foul
odor in our surrounding. The whole discussion is about the odor
control , what we will do if our surrounding is full of foul odor,
the risk and impact it to our health our family will affect and
all the species that are living.

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MARCH 29, 2019

NOISE POLLUTION TOPIC: 18
(CE ELECT. 401)

NOISE POLLUTION
THE SOURCES OF NOISE POLLUTION
CHARACTERISTICS OF NOISE
EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION

(REPORTERS: JOE MARIE DENAGA, JOHN RAY ALENTIJO, NICO

BOY LABRADOR)
SUMMARY

There are essentially three approaches to noise reduction and

control. The first of these is to these is to control noise at the
source. If the source is sufficiently quite, the rest of the problem
is essentially solved. Source control can be achieved by
careful consideration of noise control during the design of
new products. Noise is playing an ever-increasing role in our
lives and seems a regrettable but ultimately avoidable
corollary of current technology. The trend toward the use of
more automated equipment, sports and pleasure craft, high-
wattage stereo, larger construction machinery, and the
increasing numbers of ground vehicles and aircraft has
created a gradual acceptance of noise as a natural
byproduct of progress.

Noise is playing an ever-increasing role in our lives and seems

a regrettable but ultimately avoidable corollary of current
technology. The trend toward the use of more automated
equipment, sports and pleasure craft, high-wattage stereo,
larger construction machinery, and the increasing numbers of
ground vehicles and aircraft has created a gradual
acceptance of noise as a natural byproduct of progress.

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