Write Components of Structure or Power transmission and distribution.

Electricity cannot
System be stored and has to be supplied
instantly. Transmission capacity (1.5 p.u.) +
An electrical power sy stem can he considered Sub transmission capacity (2p.u.) Distribution
consisting Of generation. transmission. •sub capacity (3 p.u.) + Connected load (6p.u.) The
transmission systems and distribution parts. In reduced values on the right hand will indicate
general. the generation and transmission better electricity efficiency of the system but in
Systems are considered as bulk power supply the interest of reliability and ruture expansion
and the sub transmission and distribution p.u. values may be higher tar some sectors.
systems are considered to be the final means to With rapid advancements in the field of
translG the electric power to the ultimate electronics and its applications in innumerable
consumers The basic system consists of energy domestic. commercial and industrial sectors, the
resources such as hydro, coal, gas etc., a prime demand tar quality power supply has increased.
mover, a generator and a load. Some sort of 'Computers and other high-tech electronic
control system is required for supervising it. prcxess technologies require clean. precise.
The prime mover may be a steam driven transient free and uninterrupted power supply.
turbine, a hydraulic turbine Or an internal Rule of the Indian Electricily Rules. 1956.
combustion engine. Each One of these prime states that a supplier shall not permit deviation
movers has the ability to convert energy in the in voltage at the point of supply in consumer
form of heat, falling water or fuel into rotation premises: l. In the case of 10" or medium
of the shaft which in turn drives the generator. voltage. by more than 6 per cent. 2. In the case
32The Sub transmission and distribution circuits of high voltage. by more than 6 per cent on the
are commonly designed as radial or loop higher side or by more than 9 percent on the
circuits. The high voltage transmission lines are lower side. 3. In the case of extra high voltage.
generally laid as interconnected or networks. In by more than 10 percent on the higher side Or
this case interconnection Of major power by more than 12.5 percent on the lower side. 4.
stations creates neovorks made Of many line Rule 55 states that the frequency of the
sections. As the demand for load grows. alternating current should not vary from the
generating capacity and transmission and declared frequency by more than 3 percent
dislribution must grow as well. Transmission
and distribution are distinguished by their
voltage levels. In general. transmission systems
have bulk power handling capability. and
relatively long lines connecting generating
stations-to load centers Of the utilities. The
model of transfer Of power (P) by transmission
line (having line reactance XL' distance buses.
(l and 2) fed by generating machines terminal
bus voltage VI and V2 respectively With phase
angle O difference is generally represented as.
Distribution systems, including sub
transmission system, handle lower levels and
have relatively short lines. The power level that
transmission and distribution systems.re being
called upon to handle, are increasing Wilh time.
The economies of scale need large generating
stations and higher voltage levels 'Or