Society of Math Majors Math 17 Second Long Exam Reviewer

SOCIETY OF MATH MAJORS
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES MINDANAO
MATH 17 SECOND LONG EXAM REVIEWER AY. 2018 - 2019
1. EQUATIONS OF THE LINE

Show that the four points (𝟎, 𝟎), (−𝟐, 𝟏), (𝟑, 𝟒) and (𝟓, 𝟑) are vertices of a parallelogram.
For Illustration purposes, let’s try to plot these points.
A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides. So, we can show that the four
points form a parallelogram if we can show that lines ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 has the same slope and lines
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 and 𝐵𝐶 also has the same slope.
Finding the slope of line ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐵 (the line connected by (−2,1) and (3,4)):
1−4 −3 3
𝑚̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 = = =
−2−3 −5 5

𝐶𝐷 (the line connected by (5,3) and (0,0)):
3−0 3
𝑚̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 = 5−0 = 5

𝐴𝐷 (the line connected by (−2,1) and (0,0)):
1−0 1
𝑚̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 = −2−0 = − 2

𝐵𝐶 (the line connected by (3,4) and (5,3)):
4−3 1
𝑚̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 = 3−5 = − 2
3
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐶𝐷
Thus, since lines 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ has the same slope which is equal to and lines 𝐴𝐷
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐵𝐶
̅̅̅̅ also has
5
1
the same slope which is equal to − 2, then we have shown that the given vertices form a
parallelogram.
University of the Philippines Mindanao

Mintal, Tugbok District, Davao City, 8000
+63 (909) 130-5322/+63 (956) 614-7408 ● smmupmin@gmail.com
@smmupmindanao
2. EQUATIONS OF THE LINE

Find the equations of the lines which passes through the sides of a triangle whose vertices are
(𝟑, −𝟐), (𝟑, 𝟒) and the midpoint of (-4,4) and (𝟐, −𝟐).
−4+2 4−2
The midpoint of (−4,4) and (2, −2) is ( 2
, 2 ) = (−1,1)
Finding the equation of the line connecting (3, −2) and (3,4):
Using the two-point form, we have:

−2−4
𝑦−4= 3−3
(𝑥 − 3)
−6
𝑦−4= 0
(𝑥 − 3)
0 = −6(𝑥 − 3)
0 = −6𝑥 + 18
6𝑥 = 18
𝑥=3
Finding the equation of the line connecting (3,4) and (−1,1)

4−1
𝑦 − 1 = 3−(−1) (𝑥 − (−1))
3
𝑦 − 1 = 4 (𝑥 + 1)
4𝑦 − 4 = 3𝑥 + 3
0= 3𝑥 + 3 − 4𝑦 + 4
0= 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 7
3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 7 = 0
Finding the equation of the line connecting (3, −2) and (−1,1)

−2−1
𝑦 − 1 = 3−(−1) (𝑥 − (−1))
−3
𝑦−1= 4
(𝑥 + 1)
4𝑦 − 4 = −3𝑥 − 3
4𝑦 − 4 + 3𝑥 + 3 = 0
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 1 = 0
Therefore, the equations of the lines are 𝑥 = 3, 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 7 = 0 and 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 1 = 0.

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3. ROOT FINDING
Find the solution set (only real numbers) of the following: 𝒙−𝟏 + 𝟑𝒙−𝟏/𝟐 = 𝟒
1 1 2
Let 𝑥 −2 = 𝑦. Observe that 𝑦 2 = (𝑥 −2 ) = 𝑥 −1. Substituting these we have:
𝑦 2 + 3𝑦 − 4 = 0
By factoring, we get:
(𝑦 + 4)(𝑦 − 1) = 0
Solving for 𝑦, we have
𝑦+4=0 𝑦−1=0
𝑦 = −4 𝑦=1
Since 𝑥 −1/2 = 𝑦, we have:
𝑥 −1/2 = −4 𝑥 −1/2 = 1 by substitution

1 1
𝑥 1/2
= −4 𝑥 1/2
=1 by the negative exponent rule
1
−4
= 𝑥 1/2 1 = 𝑥 1/2 by cross multiplying
1
𝑥 1/2 = −4 𝑥 1/2 = 1
1 2 2 1 2
1
(𝑥 2 ) = (−4 ) (𝑥 2 ) = (1)2 by squaring both sides
1
𝑥 = 16 𝑥=1
Checking for extraneous roots, we have:

1
at 𝑥 = 16:
1 1
(16)−1 + 3(16)−1/2 = 4
(16) + 3(4) = 4
28 ≠ 4
1
So, 𝑥 = 16 is an extraneous root
at 𝑥 = 1:
(1)−1 + 3(1)−1/2 = 4
1 + 3(1) = 4
4=4
Therefore, the solution set is given by 𝑠𝑠: {1}

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4. ROOT FINDING
𝒙𝟐 +𝟏 𝟑 𝟒
Find the solution set (only real numbers) of the following: 𝒙𝟐−𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐+𝟏 = 𝒙𝟒−𝟏
𝑥2 + 1 3 4
2
− 2 = 4
𝑥 −1 𝑥 +1 𝑥 −1
𝑥2 + 1 3 4
− 2 = 2
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) 𝑥 + 1 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
𝑥2 + 1 (𝑥 2 + 1) 3 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) 4
∙ 2 − 2 ∙ = 2
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 + 1) 𝑥 + 1 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
(𝑥 2 + 1)2 3(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) 4

− − =0
(𝑥 2 + 1)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 2 + 1)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 2 + 1)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
(𝑥 2 + 1)2 − 3(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) − 4

=0
(𝑥 2 + 1)(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
Since the equation can only be true when the numerator is equal to zero, we have:
(𝑥 2 + 1)2 − 3(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) − 4 = 0
(𝑥 2 + 1)2 − 3(𝑥 2 − 1) − 4 = 0
(𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1) − (3𝑥 2 − 3) − 4 = 0
𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1 − 3𝑥 2 + 3 − 4 = 0
𝑥4 − 𝑥2 = 0
(𝑥 2 + 𝑥)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥) = 0
𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) = 0
So, we have:
𝑥2 = 0 𝑥+1=0 𝑥−1=0
𝑥=0 𝑥 = −1 𝑥=1
Checking for extraneous roots, we have:
at 𝑥 = 0:
(0)2 +1 3 4
(0)2 −1
− (0)2 +1 = (0)4 −1
1 3 4
−1
−1 = −1
−1 − 3 = −4
−4 = −4
at 𝑥 = −1:
(−1)2 +1 3 4
(−1)2 −1
− (−1)2 +1 = (−1)4 −1
(1)+1 3 4
− (1)+1 =
(1)−1 (1)−1
2 3 4
0
−2=0
So, 𝑥 = −1 is an extraneous root because it makes the equation undefined

@smmupmindanao
at 𝑥 = 1:
(1)2 +1 3 4
(1)2 −1
− (1)2 +1 = (1)4 −1
(1)+1 3 4
(1)−1
− (1)+1 = (1)−1
2 3 4
− =
0 2 0
Likewise, 𝑥 = 1 is an extraneous root because it makes the equation undefined
Therefore, the solution set is given by 𝑠𝑠: {0}

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5. GRAPHING
Sketch the following equation: 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟎
Since the equation has a degree of two, the equation is a parabola. To graph it, let us transform the
given equation in the vertex form. So, we have:
4𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 = 0
𝑦
𝑥2 + = 0
2
𝑦
𝑥2 = −
2
1
(𝑥 − 0)2 = − 2 (𝑦 − 0)
1
Thus, the vertex is at (0,0). Further since − 2 < 0, then the parabola opens downward. So, the graph
of the equation is:
Note that generally, there are four kinds of parabola, those that
a. Opens upwards
If the equation can be expressed as 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎 is a positive real
number and 𝑎, 𝑏 are real numbers
b. Opens downwards
If the equation can be expressed as 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎 is a negative real
c. Opens to the right
If the equation can be expressed as 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑦 2 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐, where 𝑎 is a positive real
d. Opens to the left
If the equation can be expressed as 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑦 2 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐, where 𝑎 is a negative real

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6. GRAPHING
Sketch the following equation: 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟎
Since the equation has terms involving both 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 2 , we can expect that this is an equation of a
circle. So, let us transform the equation into the Center-Radius Form:
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 0
(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥) + (𝑦 2 + 3𝑦) = 0
Completing the squares, we have:
9 9
(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1) + (𝑦 2 + 3𝑦 + ) = 1 +
4 4
2
3 13
(𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 + ) =
2 4
2 2
2
3 √13
(𝑥 − 1) + (𝑦 + ) = ( )
2 2
3 √13
Thus, the center of the circle is at (1, − 2) and its radius is 2
or approximately 1.8 units.
Graphing the circle, we have:

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7. PROBLEM SOLVING INVOLVING ONE VARIABLE

At 6:00AM a cargo truck running at an average of 50 kilometers per hour leaves for a long
day journey. From the same place three hours later, a car running twice as fast leaver and
follows the truck. At what time will the car catch up with the truck?
Let 𝑥 be the number of hours that the car will catch up with the cargo truck. So, we have
50(𝑥 + 3) = 100(𝑥)
Solving for 𝑥 we have:
50𝑥 + 150 = 100𝑥
50𝑥 = 150
𝑥=3
Thus, the car will catch up after 3 hours. Since the car started running at 9:00 AM, then the car will
catch up at 12:00 AM.

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8. PROBLEM SOLVING INVOLVING ONE VARIABLE

Georg Cantor wants to build a garbage box with a square bottom, rectangular sides, and a
height of 3 m. If the material for the bottom costs PhP54 per square meter and the material
for the sides costs PhP24 per square meter, what is the volume of the bin that can be
constructed for PhP630 worth of material?
Let 𝑥 be the length of the side of the bottom part of the garbage box. So, the garbage box will look
like this:
3m
Since the bottom part is square and each square meter costs 54 pesos, then the total cost that will
be incurred for the bottom part is given by:
54𝑥 2
Now, for the sides of the garbage box, the dimension would be 𝑥 by 3. So, since there are four sides
and each square meter costs 24 pesos, then the total cost that will be incurred is given by:
(3𝑥)(4)(24)
Since the total costs for the garbage box is 630 pesos, then we have the equation
54𝑥 2 + (3𝑥)(4)(24) = 630
Solving for 𝑥, we have:
54𝑥 2 + 288𝑥 = 630
54𝑥 2 + 288𝑥 − 630 = 0
3𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 + 35 = 0
(3𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 7) = 0
5
This gives us 𝑥 = and 𝑥 = −7. Since a length cannot have a negative number, we then now take
3
only 𝑥 = 5/3.
5
Now, we know that the length of the sides of the bottom part is meters. Then the volume of the
3
garbage bin, 𝑉, is now given by (remember that volume = length × width × height):
5 5 25
𝑉 = 3 (3) (3) = 3
25
Therefore, the volume of the bin is 3
or approximately 8.33 cubic meters.

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9. PROBLEM SOLVING INVOLVING SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS

On a store counter, there was a supply of three sizes of holiday cards. The large cards cost
PhP100 each, the medium cards cost PhP80 each; and the small cards cost PhP60 each. A
woman purchased ten cards, which consisted of one fourth of the available large cards, one
third of the available medium cards, and one-half of the available small cards. The total cost
of her cards was PhP820. If there were 21 cards remaining on the counter after her purchase,
how many of each kind of card did she buy?
Let:
𝑥: number of large cards the woman bought
𝑦: number of medium cards the woman bought
𝑧: number of small cards the woman bought
Since we have 3 unknowns, we need three equation to find their corresponding values.
The first equation that we can create can be derived from the fact that the woman bought a total of
20 cards, so we have:
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 10
The next equation can be derived from the fact there are 31 cards available before the purchase.
How? The woman bought 10 cards and 21 cards are left in the counter after the purchase. This tell
us that the number of cards available before the purchase was 10 + 21 = 31. Say 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 is the number
of available large, medium, and small cards before the purchase respectively. Then we have:
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 31
1 1 1
Further, the woman bought of 4 of the available large cards, 3 of the available medium cards, and 2
of the available small cards. So, we have
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑥= ;𝑦 = ;𝑧 =
3 3 2
This implies that 𝑎 = 3𝑥, 𝑏 = 3𝑦, and 𝑐 = 2𝑧. By substituting these to the equation
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 31, we now have our second equation:
4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 31
The third equation can be derived from the fact that the woman spent a total of 820 pesos. Given
that the price for a large card, medium card, and small card is 100 pesos, 80 pesos and 60 pesos
respectively, we have:
100𝑥 + 80𝑦 + 60𝑧 = 820
Thus, our system of equations is given by:
Eq. 1: 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 10
Eq. 2: 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 31
Eq. 3: 100𝑥 + 80𝑦 + 60𝑧 = 820
To find the solution, we multiply Eq. 1 by −4, so we have the new Eq. 1: −4𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 4𝑧 = −40
Adding the new Eq. 1 and Eq. 2 we have:
−4𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 4𝑧 = −40
+ 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 31
−𝑦 − 2𝑧 = −9

@smmupmindanao
Make the resulting equation the Eq. 4. So Eq 4: −𝑦 − 2𝑧 = −9
Since we eliminated the term with the variable 𝑥 using Eq. 1 and Eq. 2, we’ll use now Eq. 2 and
Eq. 3 to eliminate the same variable.
Multiplying Eq. 2 by −25 we have the new Eq. 2:−100𝑥 − 75𝑦 − 50𝑧 = −775
−100𝑥 − 75𝑦 − 50𝑧 = −775
+ 100𝑥 + 80𝑦 + 60𝑧 = 820
5𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 45
We’ll make the resulting equation Eq. 5. So, we have, Eq. 5: 5𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 45
We now reduced our original system of equations with three variables into a system of equation
with two variables. Solving for 𝑦 and 𝑧 using Eq. 4 and Eq. 5, we have:
Eq 4: −𝑦 − 2𝑧 = −9
Eq. 5: 5𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 45
We’ll solve by elimination. Multiplying Eq. 4 by 5, we have the new equation 4:
Eq 4: −5𝑦 − 10𝑧 = −45
−5𝑦 − 10𝑧 = −45
+ 5𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 45
0=0
The resulting equation implies that the variables y and 𝑧 depends on the value of each other.
Particularly they have a relationship described by the equation 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 9. The integer values for
𝑦 and 𝑧 satisfying this equation are
𝑦=1 𝑧=4
𝑦=3 𝑧=3
𝑦=5 𝑧=2
𝑦=7 𝑧=1
𝑦=9 𝑧=0
Therefore, with these values of 𝑥 and 𝑦, we now have the five possible solutions for the problem
using the original Eq. 1:
𝑥=5 𝑦=1 𝑧=4
𝑥=4 𝑦=3 𝑧=3
𝑥=3 𝑦=5 𝑧=2
𝑥=2 𝑦=7 𝑧=1
𝑥=1 𝑦=9 𝑧=0
Therefore, the cards the woman bought are either 5 large, 1 medium, and 4 small; 4 large, 3
medium, and 3 small; 3 large, 5 medium, and 2 small; 2 large, 7 medium, and 1 small; or 1 large,
9 medium, and no small.

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10. COMPLEX NUMBERS

Given that 𝑧 = 1 − √3𝑖, find the real number 𝑘 such that 𝑧 2 + 𝑘𝑧 is:
(i) Real
(ii) Purely imaginary
The first thing we’ll do is construct 𝑧 2 + 𝑘𝑧. So, let’s find 𝑧 and 𝑧 2 .
𝑧 = 1 − √3𝑖
2
𝑧 2 = (1 − √3𝑖)
𝑧 2 = (1 − √3𝑖)(1 − √3𝑖)
𝑧 2 = 1(1 − √3𝑖) − √3𝑖(1 − √3𝑖)
𝑧 2 = 1 − √3𝑖 − √3𝑖 + 3𝑖 2
𝑧 2 = 1 − √3𝑖 − √3𝑖 − 3
𝑧 2 = −2 − 2√3𝑖
So, we can now construct 𝑧 2 + 𝑘𝑧. We have:
𝑧 2 + 𝑘𝑧 = −2 − 2√3𝑖 + 𝑘(1 − √3𝑖 )
𝑧 2 + 𝑘𝑧 = −2 − 2√3𝑖 + 𝑘 − 𝑘√3𝑖
𝑧 2 + 𝑘𝑧 = (−2 + 𝑘) + (−𝑘√3 − 2√3)𝑖
So, the real part of 𝑧 2 + 𝑘𝑧 is (−2 + 𝑘) and the imaginary part is (−𝑘√3 − 2√3).
(i) If 𝑧 2 + 𝑘𝑧 is real, then the imaginary part is zero,
−𝑘√3 − 2√3 = 0
−𝑘 − 2 = 0
𝑘 = −2
Therefore, at 𝑘 = −2, 𝑧 2 + 𝑘𝑧 is real.
(ii) If 𝑧 2 + 𝑘𝑧 is purely imaginary, then the real part is zero,
−2 + 𝑘 = 0
𝑘=2
Therefore, at 𝑘 = 2, 𝑧 2 + 𝑘𝑧 is purely imaginary.
--- END ---
DISCLAIMER
The presented questions are gathered from the previous Math 17 exams,
problem sets, exercises, and assignments.
GOODLUCK FRESHIES!!!

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Society of Math Majors Math 17 Second Long Exam Reviewer

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SOCIETY OF MATH MAJORS

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES MINDANAO

MATH 17 SECOND LONG EXAM REVIEWER AY. 2018 - 2019

1. EQUATIONS OF THE LINE

For Illustration purposes, let’s try to plot these points.

Finding the slope of line ̅̅̅̅

Finding the slope of line ̅̅̅̅

Finding the slope of line ̅̅̅̅

Finding the slope of line ̅̅̅̅

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2. EQUATIONS OF THE LINE

Using the two-point form, we have:

Finding the equation of the line connecting (3,4) and (−1,1)

Using the two-point form, we have:

Using the two-point form, we have:

Therefore, the equations of the lines are 𝑥 = 3, 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 7 = 0 and 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 1 = 0.

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Solving for 𝑦, we have

Since 𝑥 −1/2 = 𝑦, we have:

𝑥 −1/2 = −4 𝑥 −1/2 = 1 by substitution

Checking for extraneous roots, we have:

Therefore, the solution set is given by 𝑠𝑠: {1}

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(𝑥 2 + 1)2 3(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) 4

(𝑥 2 + 1)2 − 3(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) − 4

(𝑥 2 + 1)2 − 3(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) − 4 = 0

Checking for extraneous roots, we have:

So, 𝑥 = −1 is an extraneous root because it makes the equation undefined

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Likewise, 𝑥 = 1 is an extraneous root because it makes the equation undefined

Therefore, the solution set is given by 𝑠𝑠: {0}

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7. PROBLEM SOLVING INVOLVING ONE VARIABLE

Solving for 𝑥 we have:

50𝑥 + 150 = 100𝑥

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8. PROBLEM SOLVING INVOLVING ONE VARIABLE

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9. PROBLEM SOLVING INVOLVING SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS

𝑥: number of large cards the woman bought

𝑦: number of medium cards the woman bought

𝑧: number of small cards the woman bought

100𝑥 + 80𝑦 + 60𝑧 = 820

Thus, our system of equations is given by:

Eq. 3: 100𝑥 + 80𝑦 + 60𝑧 = 820

Adding the new Eq. 1 and Eq. 2 we have:

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Make the resulting equation the Eq. 4. So Eq 4: −𝑦 − 2𝑧 = −9

Adding the new Eq. 2 and Eq. 3 we have:

−100𝑥 − 75𝑦 − 50𝑧 = −775

+ 100𝑥 + 80𝑦 + 60𝑧 = 820

We’ll solve by elimination. Multiplying Eq. 4 by 5, we have the new equation 4:

Eq 4: −5𝑦 − 10𝑧 = −45

Adding the new Eq. 4 and Eq. 5 we have:

−5𝑦 − 10𝑧 = −45

𝑥=5 𝑦=1 𝑧=4

𝑥=4 𝑦=3 𝑧=3

𝑥=3 𝑦=5 𝑧=2

𝑥=2 𝑦=7 𝑧=1

𝑥=1 𝑦=9 𝑧=0

University of the Philippines Mindanao

10. COMPLEX NUMBERS