Você está na página 1de 3

Concept Note for FAO Project on

Preparation of Provincial Agriculture Disaster Risk Management Operational Plan and


Implementation Guidelines

Background and Context


Pakistan is vulnerable to several types of natural and man-made hazards. Floods, earthquakes, landslides,
droughts, cyclones, heat waves, industrial accidents and terrorism are common phenomena. Sindh and
Punjab are exceptionally prone to natural hazards and climate-related disasters like floods, drought,
heatwaves and other with implications for various productive assets and sectors. The massive damages
caused by these disasters could have been largely reduced if the government had incorporated disaster risk
reduction measures into its physical, social and economic development plans. Pakistan’s agricultural sector
is highly vulnerable to natural disasters given that its core components such as land, crops, and livestock are
highly sensitive to climatic stress. Buffering the agricultural sector against the risks of natural disasters is
imperative to safeguard the country’s economy and the livelihood of millions of people. Disasters hit the
agricultural sector the hardest: the 2010 floods, for example, decimated most of Punjab and Sindh’s fertile
lands (Pakistan’s breadbasket and the base for its agricultural exports) while the 1999-2002 drought led to
large scale destruction of crops, orchards, and livestock. Given the increasing incidence of disasters, policy
makers must engage with key stakeholders to identify policy areas that require immediate attention and to
devise appropriate mitigation and adaptation instruments to protect communities from disaster risks.

Within the agricultural sector, livestock is the largest economic component, comprising 55.4 percent of total
agricultural incomes, and is the dominant source of livelihood for the majority of small farmers, especially
landless peasants and those under informal or insecure land tenure contracts. Natural events such as disease
outbreak, floods, and droughts increases the incidence of livestock disease and death, leading to a
substantial decline in the total assets of small farmers.

The Food and Agriculture organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) is supporting the provinces of
Punjab and Sindh to develop the Provincial Agriculture Disaster Risk Management Operational Plan
(ADRMOP) and Implementation Guidelines. The plan and guidelines will help the agricultural
departments of the two provinces to mainstream disaster risk management into their overall development
plans and operational modalities. FAO has selected the Water Informatics and Technology Center (WIT)
at the Lahore University of Management Science (LUMS) to facilitate the provinces in preparing their
ADRMOP. WIT will follow an inclusive process to develop the plans and guidelines by soliciting advice
and input from a variety of stakeholders.

The Need for a Sectoral Plan


Both National Disaster Management Act (NDMA) and National Disaster Risk Reduction Policy (NDRRP)
call for the development of provincial-level DRM plans to make the most vital and most vulnerable sectors—
especially the agricultural sector—more resilient to disasters and climate smart. Moreover, Pakistan is a
signatory to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), an international agreement that
commits member nations to take appropriate steps to improve disaster risk management.

1
Given the economic importance of the agricultural sector and its vulnerability to several types of natural
disasters, Pakistan requires a comprehensive DRM plan to mitigate the impacts of such events. The
NDMA envisions a response at the provincial level to DRM; therefore, provinces must develop
ADRMOPs to fulfil the requirements of the NDMA and to in turn make their agricultural sectors resilient
to natural disasters.

Objectives

To develop comprehensive Agriculture Disaster Risk Management Operational Plans and to propose their
implementation structures and guidelines for Punjab and Sindh provinces.

Outcomes
The outcomes of the project are: (1) Create an enabling and inclusive environment for stakeholders to
engage in a constructive dialogue on the development of the ADRMOPs (2) Ensure that the respective
depatments of agriculture (DoAs) understand the current issues and opportunities related to agricultural
resilience (2) construct a framework for integrating DRM into agricultural policy (3) Develop DRM
implementation structures and guidelines with clear departmental standard operating procedures (SOPs).

Methodology
LUMS team will undertake with support of FAO during month of September/October (1) review of
literature (2) meeting key informants (KIIs) and (3) organizing Focus Group Discussions (FGD) for well
identified stake holders. KII would entail conducting key informant interviews with senior experts in
academia, the government, and the private sector. During FGD we will employ a structed questionnaire
along with conducting SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis) to inform
the process of developing the ADRMOPs. Using these tools we will characterize the current state of
disaster risk management in the agricultural sector of Punjab and Sindh, identify the key issues that hinder
the implementation of DRM policies, and generate a discussion on the ways forward for affective provincial-
level DRM. The institution analysis will also how various department well prepared to address pre, during
and after disaster in terms of prevention, mitigation and adaptation in supporting the venerable groups.
Further to assess provincial government mainstreaming our proposed ADRMOPs into departmental
mandates and tasks.

Questionnaire for FGDs

Priority 1: Understanding of main hazards and their implications on Agriculture


Q1.1) Please list hazards (such as floods, droughts, cyclones, smog, sea-level rise/salinity) that affect the
agricultural sector (crops, livestock, infrastructure and value chains) in the province. Also provide feedback
on the frequency, intensity, and timing of the listed hazards. Have you observed any changes in the
occurrence of these hazards over time?
Q1.2) What are the short-term and long-term impacts of the listed hazards in Q1.1 on crops, livestock, and
infrastructure?
Q1.3) Which districts are most vulnerable? Which gender and communities are the most vulnerable and
sensitivity of various hazards?

2
Q1.4) Is climate change adversely affecting agriculture (crops, livestock and infrastructure)? What are main
parameters affected by climate change?
Q1.5) Is climate change affecting crops health? Provide status of rise/decline in terms of diseases and
insects.
Q1.6) Is the available surface and groundwater sufficient for the current agriculture demands?

Priority 2: Institutional and farmer capacity to cope with agriculture DRM


Q2.1) Which institutions/organizations/NGOs/INGOs are involved in Agriculture DRM?
Q2.2) Do the available institutions/organizations/NGOs/INGOs have required skills, data, equipment,
machinery, human resources and funds?
Q2.3) Are the farmers (and line departments) aware of the encountered hazards and their implications?
Q2.4) Are the farmers ready to adapt changes in crops types and cropping pattern changes together with
new irrigation systems (sprinkle/drip irrigation and latest available technologies)?

Priority 3: Adaptation and Mitigation measures (Planned and in Practice) in DRM


Q3.1) What measures (adaptation and mitigation) farmers (and line departments) are taking into account to
cope with the current challenges/hazards? How awareness can be improved?
Q3.2) What measures are in practice to cope with water stress conditions?
Q3.3) How future scarcity can be minimized and agriculture production can be increased?
Q3.4) What steps have the provincial departments taken to address the risks of the listed hazards in Q 1.1?
Q3.5) Have the PDMA or the DoA ever approach you concerning DRM? If yes, did they seek
implementation assistance, technical assistance, information and data, exchange of ideas, or participation in
joint events?
Q3.6) Which projects are working on Agriculture DRM? Who are sponsoring these projects?

Priority 4: Strategic goals and plans.


Q4.1) What are strategic goals of line departments to cope with gender inclusive Agriculture DRM and
climate change (climate smart agriculture)? Is there any document exist?
Q4.2) Is there knowledge and data sharing gaps (within institutions, across institutions, and between
institutions and farmers)? How these gaps can be minimized?
Q4.3) Can technological advancements minimize Agriculture Disaster Risks? How vital are financial
constraints and how this can be optimized?
Q4.4) Can existing institutions be empowered to cope with ADRM? How? Recommend new
entities/institutions/organizations with specific focus together with improvement in the available ones.
Q4.5) Which projects are in pipeline and considering existing and/or future Agriculture DRM? Who will
be sponsoring these projects?

Você também pode gostar