CONSERVATISM - the 1960s = counter-culture movement

“A conservative is a man - diplomatic foreign policy, stimulating economic

With two perfectly good legs who, however,
has never learned to look forward.”
- Franklin D. Roosevelt
CHARACTERISTICS:
• Conservatives reject the optimistic view that
human beings can be morally improved through
political and social change. (Ex: Conservatives who are
Christians sometimes express this point by saying that
human beings are guilty of original sin.)
Elements, according to Heywood
1. Tradition
- time-tested values, practice and institutions
2. Pragmatism
- Faith is placed based from experience
3. Human Imperfection
- Seek security on what they know
4. Organicism
- Society is an organic whole, more than the
sum of its parts
5. Hierarchy
- How to characterize an organic society
6. Authority
- Gives individuals a clear sense of what is
expected of them
7. Property
- Provides security to the people
Types
1. Crunchy Conservative
- Rod Dreher
- personal ideology
- “who stand outside the conservative
mainstream”
2. Cultural Conservative
- Religious right because two share ideologies
on social issues
3. Fiscal Conservative
- Libertarians & constitutionalists; natural
fiscal conservatives due to their desire to
reduce government appending, pay off the
national debt & shrink the size & scope of
government
4. Neoconservative
growth
5. Paleoconservative
- connection with the past
- be family-oriented, religious-minded and opposed to
the vulgarity permeating modern culture
6. Social conservative
- family values & religious traditions
7. Rise of the social media
- "low-information voters
- do not have the time or the desire to be that involved
in politics as to
know what is going on most of the time
- time-consuming
Tenets
1. There Exists An Enduring Moral Order
- Order; man & man; made for it human
nature is a constant, and moral truths are
permanent.
- Order; harmony
2. adheres to custom, convention, and continuity
- old custom- live together peaceably:
destroyers of custom demolish more than
they know or desire
- Convention; avoid perpetual disputes about
rights and duties
- Continuity; linking generation to
generation; it matters as much for society
as it does for the individual; without it, life
is meaningless.
3. Principle of Prescription
- modern people are dwarfs on the shoulders
of giants, able to see farther than their
ancestors only because of the great stature
of those who have preceded us in time.
4. Guided by the principle of prudence
- Liberals and radicals; dash at their
objectives without giving much heed to the
risk of new abuses worse than the evils they
hope to sweep away
5. Pay attention to the principle of variety
 - proliferating intricacy of long-established
social institutions and modes of life
6. chastened by their principle of imperfectability.
- Man being imperfect, no perfect social
order ever can be created.
7. freedom and property are closely linked
- “Nobody is at liberty to attack several
property and to say at the same time that
he values civilization. The history of the two
cannot be disentangled.”
8. uphold voluntary community, quite as they
oppose involuntary collectivism
- genuine community, the decisions most
directly affecting the lives of citizens are
made locally and voluntarily.
- For a nation is no stronger than the
numerous little communities of which it is
composed.
9. need for prudent restraints upon power and
upon human passions
- endeavors to so limit and balance political
power that anarchy or tyranny may not
arise.
- In every age, nevertheless, men and women
are tempted to overthrow the limitations
upon power, for the sake of some fancied
temporary advantage.
10. understands that permanence and change must
be recognized and reconciled in a vigorous
society
- intelligent conservative endeavors to
reconcile the claims of Permanence and the
claims of Progression
Advantages of Conservatism
The people do not commit actions that they do not
know the outcome of, therefore will have less errors
than those that follow the unknown. Another
advantage of this is being able to preserve the culture
of the country or republic which then is able to retain
the individuality of said place. Conservatism contributes
to the security of the people in terms of being aware of
what is to come.
Disadvantages of Conservatism
The technology of the 21st century and new medium are
being introduced to help the progression of society and
following the ideology will only hold back this
progression because of its resistance to change.
EXAMPLES
America
- political beliefs
- respect for American traditions,
- support for Judeo-Christian values,
- economic liberalism,
- anti-communism,
- advocacy of American exceptionalism,
- defense of Western
- individual liberty, within the bounds of
conformity to American values,
Australia
- Australians Conservatives oppose the idea
of Australia becoming a republic, such as
changing the flag .Whether Australia should
remain a monarchy or become a republic.
The monarchy had provided a long period
of stability that while Australia was a fully
independent nation, he believed that the
"separation of the ceremonial and
executive functions of government"
Turkey
- Conservatism in Turkey reflect in most
parties situated on the political right,
including the Nationalist Movement Party
China
- progress was best accomplished through
gradual reform of society, eschewing
revolution and sudden overthrow of the
governmental system. This movement was
based heavily on the ideas of Edmund Burke
and was described in the West by the
scholar Joseph Fewsmith.