Introduction 3.

Fill the burette with NaOH setting the

initial volume of 0 mL. Twist the
Vinegar is a very common ingredient that
stopcock perpendicular to the burette to
can be found in almost any home. Vinegar can
fill in the space below.
also be used as a household cleaner. It has a lot of
purposes since it is composed of mostly water and
acetic acid (CH3COOH). Acetic acid has a
distinct sour taste and a strong smell that gives
vinegar these characteristics. In this experiment,
to analyze the percent of acetic acid in vinegar is
to use the process called titration. Titration is a
technique wherein you determine the
concentration of an unknown solution given a
certain amount of volume of another solution.
CH3COOH + NaOH NaCH3COOH + H2O
In the balanced equation above, it shows an acid-
base reaction or neutralization reaction. The base, 4. Use a 10 mL graduated cylinder to
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), is added to the acid measure 3 mL of vinegar. Pour it into the
which is the acetic acid (CH3COOH), Erlenmeyer flask.
neutralization occurs. The titrant or the NaOH is
added to the analyte or the unknown solution to
determine its concentration. Phenolphthalein is
an indicator used in this experiment and is added
to the vinegar. This indicator turns the solution
into a light pink solution if you reached the right
amount of NaOH added, this point of the reaction
is called endpoint. This is when you know that the
method of titration is done.
Methodology
1. Rinse the burette with a small amount of
NaOH and slowly turn it until all the
walls were rinsed. 5. Add 2 drops of Phenolphthalein to the
2. Attach the burette to a clamp to the iron vinegar then add 20 mL of distilled
stand. water.
6. Place the Erlenmeyer flask below the tip Pre- Data Sheet
of the burette. Brand of Vinegar Marca Piña
Mass of vinegar 3g 3g
B. Analysis of Vinegar Sample
Burette reading of NaOH
(initial) 0 mL 0 mL
Burette reading of NaOH
(final) 13.7 mL 13.3 mL
Volume of NaOH used (mL) 13.7 mL 13.3 mL
Molar concentration of NaOH
(mol/mL) 0.1013 M 0.1013 M
Moles of NaOH added (mol) 0.00139mol 0.00135mol
Moles of CH3COOH in vinegar
(mol) 0.00139mol 0.00135mol
Mass of CH3COOH I vinegar
(g) 0.0835 g 0.0811 g
7. Slowly twist the stopcock to let then Percent by mass of CH3COOH
NaOH drop to the solution while swirling (%) 2.78% 2.70%
the flask continuously and fast. Average percent by mass of
CH3COOH 2.74%
Table 1. The results of vinegar analysis between trial 1 and 2.

Table 1 shows the results of Trial 1 and 2 because

8. When the solution turned into a light pink
color and stayed its color for 30 seconds
it means it reached its endpoint or the
titration is done.
of the different amount of volume used of NaOH.
Calculations for Pre Data Sheet
Vinegar Analysis
Given: mass of vinegar = 3.00g * 1ml/1g = 3.00
mL
Volume of NaOH used = 13.7 mL
Molar concentration of NaOH = 0.1013 M
Molar mass of acetic acid = 60.05 g/mol
Moles of NaOH = Moles of CH3COOH

Solutions for Trial 1:

5. Moles of NaOH added (mol):
Moles of NaOH added= 0.0137 L x 0.1013 mol/L
= 0.00139 mol NaOH
6. Moles of CH3COOH
1 CH3COOH:1 NaOH
0.00139 mol of CH3COOH = 0.00139 mol NaOH
 7. Mass of CH3COOH Molar mass of acetic acid = 60.05 g/mol
60.05𝑔 CH3COOH Moles of NaOH = Moles of CH3COOH
0.00139 mol CH3COOH x 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 CH3COOH
=0.0835 g CH3COOH
8. Percent by mass of CH3COOH in vinegar Solutions for Trial 1:
(0.0835 g CH3COOH / 3 g) 100 5. Moles of NaOH added (mol):
= 2.783 % CH3COOH Moles of NaOH added= 0.0137 L x 0.1013 mol/L
9. Average percent by mass of CH3COOH in = 0.00139 mol
vinegar
6. Moles of CH3COOH
= ((0.0278 + 0.027) / 2) * 100
CH3COOH + NaOH NaCH3COOH + H2O
= 2.74 %
1 CH3COOH:1 NaOH
Final Data Sheet
Brand of Vinegar Marca Piña 0.00139 mol of CH3COOH = 0.00139 mol NaOH
Mass of vinegar (g) 3 3 7. Mass of CH3COOH
B. Analysis of Vinegar Sample
Burette reading of NaOH, 60.05𝑔 CH3COOH
0.00139 mol CH3COOH x 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 CH3COOH
initial (mL) 0 0
Burette reading of NaOH, final =0.0835 g CH3COOH
(mL) 13.7 13.3
Volume of NaOH used (mL) 13.7 13.3 8. Percent by mass of CH3COOH in vinegar
Molar concentration of NaOH
(mol/mL) 0.1013 0.1013
(0.0835 g CH3COOH / 3 g) 100%
Moles of NaOH added (mol) 0.00139 0.00135 = 2.783 % CH3COOH
Moles of CH3COOH in vinegar
(mol) 0.00139 0.00135 9. Average percent by mass of CH3COOH in
Mass of CH3COOH I vinegar vinegar
(g) 0.0835 0.0811
Percent by mass of CH3COOH = ((0.0278 + 0.027) / 2) * 100%
(%) 2.78 2.70
Average percent by mass of = 2.74 %
CH3COOH (%) 2.74
Table 2. The results of vinegar analysis between trial 1 and 2.

Calculation for revised Pre-Data Sheet Laboratory Questions

Balanced Equation: 1. A 20- mL volume of previously boiled,

deionized water is added to the
CH3COOH + NaOH NaCH3COOH + H2O Erlenmeyer flask to prepare the sample
Vinegar Analysis for titration. Explain why this volume is
not critical to the analysis.
Given: mass of vinegar = 3.00g * 1ml/1g = 3.00 2. Previously boiled, deionized water is
mL unavailable. In a hurry to pursue the
Volume of NaOH used = 13.7 mL analysis, deionized water (not boiled) is
added. How does this attempt to expedite
Molar concentration of NaOH = 0.1013 M the analysis affect the reported percent
 acetic acid in vinegar: too high, too low,
or unaffected? Explain.
3. The 20 mL of water added to Erlenmeyer
flask is to be previously boiled, deionized
water. Since water does absorb CO2 from
the atmosphere and since CO2 dissolved
in water causes it to be slightly cidic, will
the use of deionized water that has not
been previously boiled cause the mass of
acetic acid in the vinegar to be calculated
as too high or too low? Explain.
4. A. In determining the percent acetic acid
in vinegar, the mass of each vinegar
sample is measured rather than the
volume. Explain.
B. If the vinegar were measured
volumetrically (e.g a pipet), what
additional piece of data would be needed
to complete the calculations for the
experiment?
5. The buret is filled with the NaOH titrant
and the initial volume reading is
immediately recorded without waiting
the recommended 10-15 seconds.
However, the 10-15 second time lapse
does occur before the reading is made.
Does this technique error result in an
increase, a decrease, or have no effect on
the reported percent acetic acid in
vinegar? Explain.
6. The endpoint of the titration is overshot!
Does this technique error result in an
increase, decrease, or have no effect on
the reported percent aceteic acid in the
vinegar? Explain.
7. The wall of the flask is periodically
rinsed with the previously boiled,
deionized water from the wash bottle.
Does this titrimetric technique result in
an increase, a decrease, or have no effect
on the reported percent acetic acid in the
vinegar? Explain.
8. A drop of NaOH titrant, dispensed from
the buret, adheres to the wall of the
Erlenmeyer flask but is not washed into
the vinegar with the wash bottle. Does
this error in technique result in the
reported percent of acetic acid being too
high, too low, or unaffected? Explain.
Answers to Laboratory Questions
1. It is not critical to the analysis because
the volume of water is not important
because it doesn’t affect the balance of its
ions. It just helps to determine the
endpoint easier.
2. Boiling the water removes dissolved
gases, like CO2 and oxygen from the
water. Deionization does not remove
molecular species or uncharged organic
particles. Molecular are not removed
during the process of deionization
resulting to a high percent acetic acid in
vinegar.
3. The deionized water contains gases like
carbon dioxide and oxygen. If it will be
exposed to the atmosphere, containing
CO2, it will result to a large mass of acetic
acid in the vinegar.
4. The mass is measured because in getting
the percent acetic acid in vinegar we need
to divide the masses in both units, which
is in grams, even though it has an equal
value with the volume.
5. It will result in increase in the percentage
of acetic acid in vinegar. Because the
time lapse is important because it will let
the stuck NaOH fall down.
6. If it is overshot, too much NaOH was
added to the analyte. Therefore, there
will be an increase amount of acid
needed. In addition, the more base you
add the more acid needed. This will result
to an increase percent acetic acid.
7. It will have no effect just like the answer
on the previous questions.
8. It will have an increase percent acetic
acid in vinegar because the reading of
NaOH will be different even though it is
just stuck on the walls of the flask.
Results

Conclusion
In conclusion, many factors can affect the
percent acetic acid in vinegar. When too
much base is added to the solution then it will
result to an overshot or a dark pink color. It is
important to know the proper titrating
techniques to get an accurate reading and
results.