2 Geometric Construction-Part2

ES 1: ENGINEERING DRAWING
Geometric Construction 2
I. Circles/Arcs Construction
II. Triangle Construction
Circles/Arcs Problems
A) Determining/locating center of a
circle/arc.
B) Drawing a circle/arc thru three given
points
C) Rectifying an arc.
D) Laying out a given length on an arc.
2
DETERMINING THE CENTER OF AN ARC/
CIRCLE
Given: an arc
3
DETERMINING THE CENTER OF AN ARC
1. Draw a chord, and label its endpoints as A

and B.
4
2. Draw another chord, connected to point B

with the other endpoint labeled as C.
5
3. Using the method outlined for bisecting a

line, bisect chords AB and BC.
Center at B
Center at B
Center at A Radius greater
A Radius greater
Radius greater than one-half BC.
than one-half AB.
than one-half B
AB
Center at C
Radius greater
than one-half
C
BC.
6
4. Locate point X where the two extended

bisectors meet. Point X is the exact center of
the circle.
A
C
X
7
DRAWING A CIRCLE/ARC THROUGH
THREE POINTS
Given: Three points in space at random: A, B,

and C.
8
THREE POINTS
1. With straight lines, lightly connect points A
to B, and B to C.
9
THREE POINTS
2. Using the method outlined for bisecting a
line, bisect lines AB and BC.
10
THREE POINTS
3. Locate point X where the two extended
bisectors meet. Point X is the exact center of
the arc or circle.
C
X
11
THREE POINTS
4. Using X as center and radius equal to XA (or XB
or XC), draw a/an circle/arc. The circle/arc
drawn passed through the three given points.
C
X
12
Problem
Circumscribe a circle about the given triangle
below, i.e, draw a circle such that it will contain
the vertices of the triangle.
13
RECTIFYING AN ARC
Given: an arc
Rectify – to determine (the length of a curve)

14
RECTIFYING AN ARC
1. Find the center of the arc using (arbitrarily
chosen) chords AB and BC (refer to procedure for
finding the center of a circle).
A
B
X
15
RECTIFYING AN ARC
2. Form the longest chord (12), bisect it and locate
its midpoint O.
3. Connect the center to either of the arc’s
endpoints, say point 2.
A
1
B
O
C
2
X
16
RECTIFYING AN ARC
4. Extend the chord 12 past the drawn radius X2.
The length of the extension must be equal to O2
or one-half of the chord 12.
A
1
B
O
C
2
Line O2 = Line 23
X
3 17
RECTIFYING AN ARC
5. Draw tangent line at point 2 (Draw a line
perpendicular to line segment X2 at point 2).
A
1
B
O
C
2
X
3 18
RECTIFYING AN ARC
6. Using point 3 as center and radius equal to line 13, strike
an arc intersecting the tangent line at point 4.
4
A
1
B
O
Line 24 is the rectified
C length of arc 12.
2
X
3 19
Laying out a Given Length

Along an Arc,
or,
Constructing an arc of specified length
given a portion of the arc.
20
SETTING OFF A GIVEN LENGTH ALONG
AN ARC
Given: Line AB and an arc JF
A B
21
AN ARC
1. Find the center of the given arc (see steps in
finding the center of an arc).
X 22
AN ARC
2. Connect the center to either of the arc’s
endpoints, say F.
3. Draw tangent at F.
X 23
AN ARC
3. Lay out the length of line AB in the tangent line (recall
steps in transferring a line). Label the length as A’F, i.e.
A’F =AB.
A’
Length of line AB
X 24
AN ARC
4. Divide line A’F into four equal segments. Label the
points at equal intervals as 1, 2, and 3. [Actually,
bisect A’F with its midpoint labeled 2, then bisect 2F
with its own midpoint labeled 1.]
A’
3
J
2
X 25
AN ARC
4. Using point 1 as center and radius equal to line
1A’, strike an arc intersecting the given arc. Label
the intersection as C.
A’
3
C
J
2
X 26
AN ARC
Arc FC is approximately equal to line AB.
A’
3
C
J
2
X 27
TRIANGLE PROBLEMS
1. Draw a triangle given its 3 sides.

2. Draw a right triangle given its
hypotenuse and a leg.
3. Inscribe a circle in a given triangle.
28
DRAWING A TRIANGLE GIVEN THE
LENGTH OF THE THREE SIDES
• Given: length of three sides
Side A
1 2
Side B
1 3
Side C
2 3
Location of a triangle’s
side
29
1. Layout Side A in the desired position.
1 2
30
2. Using endpoint 1 of side A as center and the
length of side B as radius, draw an arc above
side A.
Center at 1
Radius equal to side B
1 2
31
3. Using endpoint 2 of side A and the length of
side C as radius, draw a second arc
intersecting the first arc at point 3.
3
Center at 2
Radius equal to side C
1 2
32
4. Connecting point 3 with points 1 and 2
establishes triangle 123.
1 2
33
DRAWING A RIGHT TRIANGLE GIVEN ITS
HYPOTENUSE AND A LEG
• Given: - length of one side
- length of hypothenuse
C B
A Hypotenuse B
The key idea
here is the
application of
the inscribed
angle
Location of the triangle
theorem.
34
HYPOTENUSE AND A GIVEN LEG
1. Using the length of the given hypotenuse as
diameter, draw a semi-circle.
A B
35
2. Using one endpoint of the hypotenuse as
center and the length of the side BC as
radius, draw an arc intersecting the semi-
circle at point C.
A B
36
3. Connecting point C with endpoints A and B
establishes the desired Right Triangle ABC
A B
37
INSCRIBING A CIRCLE IN TRIANGLE
Given triangle ABC, draw a circle which is

tangent to all 3 sides of the triangle.
The key idea

here is that
the angle A
bisector of
any angle
contains the
center of the B
inscribed-to-
be circle, and
that the circle
is tangent to
all 3 sides.
C 38
INSCRIBING A CIRCLE IN TRIANGLE ABC
1. Bisect angle A by line AD extending this

beyond the middle of the triangle.
A
Center at point 2 with 2
arbitrary radius R1 1
Center at point 1 with
arbitrary radius R1
B
D
C 39
2. Bisect angle B by line BE intersecting line AD

at point O.
Center at point 3 with A

arbitrary radius R2
3
B E
4 D O
Center at point 4 with

arbitrary radius R2
C 40
3. Draw line FG through point O perpendicular

to side AB at point H.
A
H
B E
D O
C 41
4. Using point O as center and radius equal to

OH, draw the desired circle.
A
H
B E
D O
C 42

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2 Geometric Construction-Part2

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ES 1: ENGINEERING DRAWING

1. Draw a chord, and label its endpoints as A

2. Draw another chord, connected to point B

3. Using the method outlined for bisecting a

4. Locate point X where the two extended

Given: Three points in space at random: A, B,

Rectify – to determine (the length of a curve)

Laying out a Given Length

1. Draw a triangle given its 3 sides.

Given triangle ABC, draw a circle which is

The key idea

1. Bisect angle A by line AD extending this

2. Bisect angle B by line BE intersecting line AD

Center at point 3 with A

Center at point 4 with

3. Draw line FG through point O perpendicular

4. Using point O as center and radius equal to

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