V E RTI CAL

T R A NSPORTATION
( S E R V IC ES )
B. R . Harne College of
Architecture.
PRESENTED BY-
3/AR/15/05 – DARSHAN CHAUHAN
3/AR/15/12 – PRANAV JOSHI
3/AR/15/17 – ADESH KHANIKAR
3/AR/15/22 – MAITREYEE MODAK
3 / A R / 1 5 / 2 7 – S H I VA N I P A T I L
3/AR/15/32 – SHRISHANK RUDRA
3 / A R / 1 5 / 3 7 – R O H A N VA I T Y
 Vertical
Transportation

• ELEVATORS
• ESCALATORS

• To provide an
accessible path,
leading from one
level to another
by targeting to
meet the needs of
all target groups.
 El evator
Elevator has been used in buildings having more than
4 stories.
➢ Lift — An appliance designed to transport persons or materials between
two or more levels in a vertical or substantially vertical direction by
means of a guided car or platform. The word ‘elevator’ is also
synonymously used for ‘lift’.

➢ Lift Car — The load carrying unit with its floor or platform, car frame
and enclosing bodywork.

➢ Lift Landing — That’ portion of a building or structure used for discharge

of passengers or goods or both into or from a lift car.

➢ Lift Machine — The part of the lift equipment comprising the motor and
the control gear therewith, reduction gear (if any), brake(s) and winding
drum or sheave, by which the lift car is raised or lowered.

➢ Lift Well Enclosure — Any structure which separates the lift well from its
surroundings.
 El evator
➢ Passenger Lift — A lift designed for the transport of passengers.

➢ Position and/or Direction Indicator — A device which indicates on the lift

landing or in the lift car or both, the position of car in the lift well or the
direction or both in which the lift car is traveling.

➢ Rated Load (Lift) — The maximum load for which the lift car is designed
and installed to carry safely at its rated speed.

➢ Rated Speed (Lift) — The mean of the maximum speed attained by the lift
car in the upward and downward direction with rated load in the lift car.

➢ Lift Pit — The space in the lift well below the level of the lowest lift
landing served.

➢ Lift Well — The unobstructed space within an enclosure provided for the
vertical movement of the lift car(s) and any counterweight(s), including
the lift pit and the space for top clearance.
 P l a n & Sec ti on

SECTION PLAN
 Types of Elevators
➢ Generally Two Categories

➢ Tra ct i o n ( E l e ct r i c ) -
• Virtually limitless rise (high & mid rise)
• High speeds, but high installation cost

➢ H yd ra u l i c -
• Limited to heights of about 60 ft. (6 stories)
• Lower speeds
• Lower initial cost – higher power consumption

• The systems are distinguished primarily by their hoisting mechanisms.

 Types of Elevators

➢ Traction (Electric)
• Geared Traction
Drive shaft is connected to the sheave
by gears in a gear box. Geared traction
systems are designed to operate in the
range of 100 to 500 fpm, which restricts
their use to mid rise buildings.

• Gearless Traction
Gearless traction systems are designed
to operate in the range of 350 to 1200
fpm and typically installed in high-rise
buildings. Greater speeds are also
available.

Geared Traction Gearless Traction

 Types of Elevators

➢ Hydraulic
• Holed Hydraulic

In-ground cylinder extends to a

depth equal to the rise of the
elevator cab.
Current codes require double-
bottom cylinders with leak
detection and containment.

• Hole less Hydraulic

Holeless hydraulic elevators use

a telescoping hydraulic piston
as the driving machine,
eliminating the need for an in-
ground cylinder. Currently
limited to a height of about 3
stories. Holed Hydraulic Hole less Hydraulic
 Types of Elevators

➢ Hydraulic
• Roped Hydraulic

Roped holeless hydraulic elevators

use a telescoping hydraulic piston
and a hoist rope and pulley system
to increase speed and travel
heights.

Holed Hydraulic
 Components
➢ Major Components
➢ Machine Room
➢ Cabs

➢ Hoist way/Pits

Machine rooms for traction elevators

generally located directly above the hoistway.
Hydraulic elevator machine rooms typically
located at the basement or lowest level
adjacent to the hoistway.
 Components

➢ Machine Room
• Hoist Machine
Can be geared traction machines in which the power
from the motor is transmitted to the drive sheave
through reduction gears, or a gearless machine in
which the hoist ropes pass over a traction drive
sheave which is an integral part of the armature.
The grooved wheel of a traction-type hoisting machine over which the hoist
ropes pass, and by which motion is imparted to the car and counterweight by
the hoist ropes.

• Hoist Motor
Also called drive machines and used for traction
elevators.
They are the power units that apply the energy to
the hoist machines. Can be AC or DC.
 Components

➢ Machine Room
• Generator
Generators are electro- mechanical
devices that convert mechanical energy
to electrical energy (usually direct
current).

• Governor

A mechanical speed control mechanism. Usually a wire-

rope driven centrifugal device used to stop and hold
the movement of its driving rope. This initiates the
activation of the car safety device. It opens a switch
which cuts off power to the drive motor and brake
if the car travels at a preset overspeed in the down
direction.
 Components

➢ Machine Room
• Controllers
A device, or group of devices, which
serve to control, in a predetermined
manner, the floor selection, drive speeds,
car selection and general operation of
the elevators.

• Disconnects
Switches to disconnect the power to the
controller and cab lights and located in the
machine room.
 Components

➢ Hoist way/Pits
• Roller Guides

Roller guides or guide rails are steel T-section

with machined guiding surfaces installed
vertically in a hoistway to guide and direct the
course of travel of an elevator car and
elevator counterweights.

• Counterweights
A weight that counter-balances the weight of an
elevator car plus approximately 40% of the capacity
load.
 Components

➢ Hoist way/Pits
• Door Interlocks

An electro-mechanical device that prevents

operation of an elevator unless the hoistway
doors are in the closed and locked position; and
prevents opening of a hoistway door from the
landing side unless the elevator is in the landing
zone and is either stopped or being stopped.

• Top-of-Car Station

Controls on the top of the car used by an

elevator maintenance contractor to operate
the car at inspection speed. It provides a
means of operating an elevator from on top
of the car at slow speed during adjustment,
inspection, maintenance and repair.
 Components

➢ Hoist way/Pits
• Buffers

A device designed to stop a descending car

beyond its normal limit of travel by storing or
by absorbing and dissipating the kinetic
energy of the car. Spring buffers are used
for elevators with speeds less than 200 fpm.
Oil buffers (for speeds greater than 200
fpm) use a combination of oil and spring to
cushion the elevator.
 Components

➢ Elevator Cabs
• Cab Finishes
Decorative features in a passenger elevator
including carpet or other flooring, wall
panels, door finishes, ceilings and lighting.

• Cab Controls
A car-operating panel with a faceplate
that is mounted in a fixed (non-swing) panel
or sidewall.
 Components

➢ Elevator Cabs
• Safety Features
a. Phones
b. Door Safety Edges

Two way communication devices in the cab

required by ADA and national elevator
codes for safety. A door protective and
automatic door reopening device, used with
automatic power door operators.

• Door Operators

The Door Operator monitors the speed and

position of the car doors and compares
performance against standards. Deviations in
kinetic energy during door travel is
corrected within milliseconds.
 Components
➢ Hydraulic Elevator

Telescoping Plunger

Above-Ground Cylinder

Hydraulic Tank /
Controller

Car Buffer
 Desi gn
Consideration
• No. of lifts and handling capacity
✓ Number of floors to be served by the lift; Floor to
floor distance;
✓ Population of each floor to be serve and Maximum peak
demand; this demand maybe unidirectional, as in up and
down peak periods, or a two-way traffic movement.

• Preliminary Lift Planning

✓ population or the number of people who require lift service.
 El evator
Escalator — A power driven, inclined, continuous
stairway used for raising or lowering passengers.
➢ Named Escalator by Charles Seeberger in
1897 by combining the latin word for
steps “scala” and elevator.

➢ Charles Seeberger sold rights

to Otis Elevator Company in 1902
which is currently the dominant player in the
industry.

➢ Most applications include department stores,

airports, shopping malls, convention centers,
hotels, and public buildings.

➢ One of the largest, most expensive machines

people use on a regular basis, but also one of
the simplest.
 Escalator
Installation

It includes the escalator, the

track, the trusses or girders,
the balustrading, the step treads
and landings and all chains, wires
and machinery directly
connected with the
operation of the escalator.
 Fea tures
➢ Escalators are required to provide continuous mass transport of people.

➢ Escalators in department stores rise at an angle of between (30°-35°).

The 35° escalator is more economical, as it takes up less surface area.

➢ Have the capacity to move large numbers of people, and they can be
placed in the same physical space as one might install a staircase.

➢ Have no waiting interval. (except during very heavy traffic)

➢ They can be used to guide people toward main exits or special exhibits,
and may be weatherproofed for outdoor use.

➢ Escalator speeds vary from 90 – 180 ft per minute, an escalator moving

145 ft per minute can carry more that 10,000 people in an hour
 O perating
Gui delines
➢ As the escalators operate at a constant speed, serve only two levels and
have a known maximum capacity, the traffic study is rather easy. Provided
the population to be handled in a given time is known, it is easy to predict the
rate at which the population can be handled.

➢ Regularly (at least monthly) apply a silicone friction reducer on skirt panels.

➢ Document any unusual noises or vibrations.

➢ Remove any debris.

➢ Always remove the start-up key from the "on” direction.

➢ If an escalator or moving walkway makes an automatic emergency stop,

perform a detailed equipment check before returning to operation.

➢ Do not permit overloading of passengers or freight.

➢ Do not permit the use of an inoperative escalator as a stairway

 Escalator
A rrangements

Single Continuous

Parallel Criss-Cross
 M o re o f Vertical
Transport

Moving Walk Inclined Ramps

 References

➢ B.C. Punmia; Ashok Kumar Jain; Arun Kumar Jain (2005).

“Building Construction." . Lakshmi Publishers Limited, New Delhi
– 110002.

➢ National Building Code (2005) Published By Bureau of Indian

Standards, Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg,
NEW DELHI 110002.

➢ http://books.google.co.in/books?hl=en
THANK YOU