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Synthetic Zeolite of Lapindo Mud: Technology Innovation of Catalyst Material

on Fluid Catalytic Craking (FCC) Processing

Conference Paper · November 2013

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 1

Zelundo (Zeolit Sintesis Lumpur Lapindo) Synthetic Zeolite of Lapindo

Mud : Technology Innovation of Catalyst Material on Fluid Catalytic
Cracking (FCC) Processing
Andhi Pradana1 Ilham Azmy2 Widyastuti3
Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Sepuluh Nopember
Institute of Technology (ITS) Surabaya
Jl. Arief Rahman Hakim, Surabaya 60111
E-mail: andhi.siswa@gmail.com1; ilham.azmy@gmail.com2; wiwid@mat-eng.its.ac.id3

Abstract— Lapindo Mud disaster has happened in Sidoarjo city,
East Java since 2006 not only brought problems like homeless and
jobless to inhabitant but also caused environment problem. Some
of researches state that contens of this mud are danger substances
like Cobalt, Cadmium and others. The utilization of mud as far as
building materials such as roof and bric that both low strength
and less in economics. In other side, Pertamina until now must
import fuel catalyst craked for change uncooked oil to useful oil.
One of fuel catalyst craked can like synthetic zeolite. This project
prove that Lapindo mud can change be synthetic zeolite. For that,
Pertamina could reduce numbers of catalyst import because our
resources and our technology can produce its. Synthetic zeolite
shaped by Pelletizer so it shaped cylinder like pellet. Making
processing use reactor for change long chain Alkena (CnH2n) to
short chain Alkana (CnH2n+2). Before it, through preparation
process, heating, activation, neutralization and continue to
molding. Therefore, catalyst from lapindo mud can use for process
uncooked oil change to useful oil.
Keywords : Lapindo mud, Synthetic zeolite, Catalyst
I. INTRODUCTION
lecturer in UGM said that already any movement for initiate
and development catalyst be autonomous. Indonesian
Catalyst Society has improved technology process with use
natural zeolite as catalyst cracking for asphalt and
transformation process from alkana to alkena on fluid
catalytic cracking (FCC) process.
II. METHOD AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
A. Chemical contains on Lapindo mud
In blastup area and porong river has dirtied by heavy metal
like Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb). Known that lead degree
reach 164 more times from uppperlimit that a limited given.
Basic from Depudi Bidang TPSA- BPPT testing, the analyse
result of lapindo mud have mineral and chemical contain
that come true to be basic material of ceramic and cement,
mostly silica contens in there. The analyse result of lapindo
mud in Siring area is :
TABLE 1

S
andblast activity in Lapindo disaster has never end
made suffer financial loss, one of them is environment ANALYSIS RESULT METAL ON MATERIAL BY SEM – EDX
destroyed. Indonesia Center for Biodiversity and Element Mass % Error Error % Compound Mass %
Biotechnology (ICBB) stated that heavy metal Na K 1.17 1.1 Na2O 1.57 0.43
contained in Lapindo mud such as Cd, Cr, As, Hg had upper Mg K 1.75 1 MgO 2.9 0.6
limit to be dangerous substances. And, researcher from Al K 13.27 1.09 Al2O3 25.07 4.12
Bogor Institute of Agricultural (IPB) said that mud brought Si K 25.67 1.18 SiO2 54.92 7.65
bacteria and could threat healthy of humans. Ascertainable, Cl K 0.91 0.65 Cl 0.91 0
lapindo mud clustered in dangerous poisonous material K2O
KK 1.93 0.98 2.32 0.41
(B3). Data from Wahana Lingkungan Hidup (WALHI) Ca K 1.54 1.31 CaO 2.16 0.32
clarify amount of mud that out from the earth about 100.000 Fe K 7.89 2.54 FeO 10.15 1.18
3
m daily. As far as lapindo mud just use for buildings Total 100 100 14.71
material mixing like paving block or ceramic house floor.
Undeveloped penetration technology can answer about 3
Every day, 100.00 m lapindo mud out from earth. In 2007
utility of lapindo mud on big scale. In other side,
requirement of cracking catalyst in Indonesia very high that volume of mud reach 12 million per cubic or equal with
is 17- 20 ton. All this requirement supplied by importing one million tronton truck in 12 meter cubic size. Finally
from foreign country with price US$ 1,6- 2 per kilogram. made of embankment to intercept and retain mud.
Pertamina as consumer of biggest catalyst needed its for
process crude oil to be gasoline, diesel oil and others. So, all B. Straight effect of didaster
catalyst must imported its. And 2006, selling of catalyst
product for gas emission converter that produced by Minister of Ocean and Fishery, Freedy Numberi stated that
Finlandia is $ 12.2 billion, $13 billion at 2007 and predicted Lapindo mud disaster caused failed in earthen dam a
will achieve $18 billion at 2014. Whereas, our resources and landmass of 989 hectare and also caused lose out 10.9
technology capable to production cracking catalyst from all billion annualy. And planning to throw mud pass through
appearance both basic material and operation condition. Porong river go to sea can cause more bad effect that is
Prof. Dr. Triyono SU, the more vast fish area got undermud.

C. Zeolite characteristic
Chemical and physical properties of zeoilt are
aluminiumsilicate that hydration LmAlxSiyOz_nH2O, from
alkali metal and sand alkali (mostly Ca and Na), m, x, y and
z are numbers from 2 and 10, n is coefisien of H2O, and L
+ From composition, lapindo mud can category as basic
is a metal. On empirical scale zeolite could write (M ,
2+ + 2+
M ) Al2O3gSiO2_zH2O, M is Na or K and M is Mg,
Ca or Fe, g and z are coefisien number. The colors of
zeolite are varian. Some of them are white, blue, red, brown
3
and others. Density of zeolite between 2.0 until 2.3 g/cm
with smooth and soft shape. Zeolite structure could
clustered on three component, that is aluminosilicate
framework, empty space interrelated have contents metal
cation and water molecule on occluded fase. Zeolite had
form alumino silicate crystal that composed of positive ion
from metal alkali ions and sand alkali in three dimension
crystals framework. [5]
Fig. 1 Zeolite draft that shaped by four bond of Oxygen atoms
with one Si atom
Synthetic zeolite can produce with hydotremal process and
most of them in unstable condition. In petrochemical
industry, zeolite use for catalyst on Fluid Catalytic
Cracking (FCC) process. Design of FCC reactor could
process about 13.000 until 125.000 barel crude oil daily (1
barel equal with 159 Liters). Generally, hydrocracking
catalyst grouped by two types that is amorphous and
zeolite. Amorphous type will maximal on kerosene and
diesel product, whereas zeolite type will maximal on naptha
product. On process, alkane had long chain will cut by hot
zeolite to be alkane had short chain.
Composition silica on lapindo mud very high. Contens of
aluminat (AIK) is 25.07 % and contens of Silicate (SiK) is
54.92 %. And the teory said that the best structur Y if ratio
of
Si
= 2 (1)
Al
The value is bottom limited that material can say zeolite Y.
The ideal ratio value between Si and Al is 2 until 2.3.
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
This persentase of Si and Al able to make synthetic zeolite.
2
The ratio of both are:
Si 54.92
=
Al 25.07
= 2.19
material zeolite Y that rich silicone and have most stabile
structure with minimum energy.
Otherside, building on zeolite mineral teory composed of
metal alkali and sand alkali most of Ca and Na with pattern
LmAlxSiyOz_ NH2O. L can substitute with metal such as
Mg, Ca, Fe, Li, Sr or Ba. In fact, metals in lapindo mud can
mold zeolite . This strengthen oxide degree Mg is 2.9 %, Na
is 1.57%, Ca is 2.16% and Fe is 10.15 %. Its can arrange
zeolite component. So the conclusion is lapindo mud can
make synthetic zeolite factual their composition.
Zeolite contact with oil only in few minutes. After it, zeolite
process will be deactive because zeolite pores had closed.
The closed pores can miss and zeolite can activate through
calsinasi step by step. [3]
The important comersial process doing with pure shnythetic
in laboratorium use hydrogel and amourph. The outline of
processing divide two steps, that is preparation and
activation. Preparation step is needed to get zeolite that
already to process. This step like reduction size and
siftering. All of this step us machine. Natural zeolite will use
for catalyst must activate first. Activate with dealuminasi
and calsinasi. Activation process with study of zeolite
diameter and molarity of NH4Cl. Activation process
concerning to etanol converter on catalyst testing with
dehydration etanol process. Zeolite activation can be doing
with warming up or add chemical reagent. Warming up
activation on truning dryer with water degree about 40% and
0
temperature at 230 C for 3 hours. Add reagent on activate
basin with NaOH and H2SO4 purpose to get anted
temp
eratu
re on
activ
ation.
Fig. 2 Activation process lapindo mud with HCl solution
Process to make synthetic zeolite as many six steps. The
first step survey location to take basic mud. Edge area is best
 3

place because solidification process is the fastest and so far [6] Kamariah, Fajriyanto.2009.Pemanfaatan lumpur lapindo
from center of blustup. The second step is preparation. Wet sebagai komposit ramah lingkungan berbasis fiber reinforced
lapindo mud must be sunbathe and then enter to oven with concrete (FRC).Universitas Islam Indonesia
0 [7] Purwadi, B., Pariadi, Kamulyan. B. & Ariseno. A., 1998,
temperature at 60 C for drying process. After dry, lapindo Pemanfaatan zeolit alam Indonesia sebagai adsorben limbah
mud smoothed with equipment Los Angeles Abrasion and cair dan media uidasi dalam kolom fluidasi. Jurnal Penelitian
look after 200 mesh of size. The third step is warming- up Ilmu-Ilmu Teknik(Engineering) v. 10/1, p. 13-25
process. Lapindo mud wash with aquades to get out [8] Sherman, J, D, 1999, Synthetic zeolites and other
0 microporous oxide molecular sieves, Colloquium Paper Proc.
pollutant and drying in oven with temperature 110- 120 C
Natl. Acad. Sci. Vol. 96, p. 3471-3478.
for 4 hours. In this process Cl and anhidrat will release. [9] Wahyuni, Suci. 2009. Adsorbsi logam Zn(II) pada zeolit A
Warming up guarantee product quality. The fourth step is yang disintesis dari abu dasar batu bara PT IPMOMI
activation chemical substances. Mud enter to HCl solution PAITON dengan metode batch. Kimia FMIPA-ITS,
1N for 24 hours and then be filtered. Activation mechanism Surabaya
can get out pollutant and Pb metal. The fifth step is
neutralization process. Mud burn in furnace with
0
temperature 450 C for 2 hours. The purpose of
neutralization to activate effect temperature for dry mud.
The pores of mud will change. And the final step is molding
of zeolite. Powder of lapindo mud will mold by Pelletizer
machine. This machine make powder change to solid
cylinder of zeolite.

Fig. 3 Form of final shynthetic zeolite like pellet

This zeolite can function as catalyst on Fluid Catalytic

Cracking (FCC) process. Catalyst will benefit by Pertamina
to process crude oil to be gasoline, oil diesel and others.

IV. SUMMARY

Contains of aluminate and silicate on lapindo mud very

possible to form synthetic zeolite. Zeolite Y composed of
lapindo mud can use for fluid catalytic cracking. Catalyst
from lapindo mud synthetic can use for process crude oil to
be gasoline, diesel oil and others.

REFERENCES

[1] Bateman, A. M & Jensen, M. L., 1981, Economic mineral

deposits, 3rd ed, John Wiley & Sons, NewYork.
[2] Ehlers, E. G. & Blatt, H,, 1982, Petrology: Igneous,
sedimentary, and metamophic, W.H. Freeman & Co, San
Fransisco.
[3] Harjanto, S, 1987, Lempung, zeolit, dolomit, dan magnesit:
Jenis, sifat _fisik, cara terjadi dan penggunaanya,
[4] Publikasi Khusus Direktorat Sumberdaya Mineral, direktoat
Sumberdaya Mineral,irjen Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral,
Departemen Pertambangan dan Energi Republik Indonesia,
Jakarta, h. 108-166.
[5] Hay, R. L., 1966, Zeolites and zeolitic reactions in
sedimentary rocks, Dept. Geology and Geophysics,
University of Califonia, Berkeley, California.

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