ASSIGNMENT FOR CHAPTER VI AND VII

Group Member:
1. Rara Kirana Gelista
2. Sukaina Bunga Nainawa
3. Siti Sifaun Nadhiroh

HOMEWORK ABOUT CHAPTER VI

1. Explain what is mean by:
a. “hypothesis testing”
Testing that is important to get a very clear exactly what it is that we are testing
b. “null hypothesis”;
A precise statement about some value or set of values, and is usually in the form
,’there is no difference between the values of such-and-such a parameter in the
populations from which the samples were drawn’
c. “alternative hypothesis”;
The hypothesis that contrasting with null hypothesis
d. “directional hypothesis”;
e. “one-tailed and two-tailed tests”;
One-tailed test = making a prediction about the direction of the difference
between two population parameters.
Two-tailed test = making prediction about the direction of the difference, we must
take into account both tails of the curve, the one corresponding to the situation
where, for instance µA > µB, the other to the situation where µB > µA.
f. “significance level”;
The probability level below which we are willing to treat our observed
differences as significant
g. “critical value”;
A critical value is the point (or points) on the scale of the test statistic beyond
which we reject the null hypothesis, and is derived from the level of significance
α α of the test.
h. “critical region”;
The set of outcomes of a statistical test for which the null hypothesis is to be
rejected.
i. “calculated/observed/obtained values”;
Value that is calculated from sample data during a hypothesis test.
j. “rejecting the null hypothesis”;
Meaning that the result has significant difference.
k. “accepting the alternative hypothesis”.
Accepting alternative hypothesis means there is significant differences, one of the
method must be better than the other.

2. Write down the statement of null hypothesis (a) verbally and (b) symbolically to test
the difference between Group A taught by Method A and Group B taught by Method
B in an experimental study.
 a) There is no difference between Group A taught by Method A and Group B taught
by Method B
b) H0: µA-µB = 0 or µA = µB
3. When do we use “parametric tests”?
We use parametric test when the data are in ratio or interval levels of measurement
4. When do we use “non-parametric tests”?
We use non-parametric tests when the requirements of a parametric test are not
fulfilled.
5. Mention some examples of “parametric tests” and “non-parametric tests”.
Parametic Test = 1-sample t test, 2-sample t test, One-Way ANOVA
Non-parametic test = 1-sample Sign, 1-sample Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney test,
Kruskal-Wallis, Mood’s median test
6. What is the difference between independent samples and correlated samples?
Independent sample = each group has its own sample
Correlated sample = the sample of each group is realated
7. Mention the four steps of hypothesis testing.
1) Set up the null hypothesis
2) Contrasting the null hypothesis to the alternative hypothesis
3) Accumulate enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis
8. What is the most important purpose of hypothesis testing?
The purpose of hypothesis testing is to accumulate enough evidence to reject the null
hypothesis
9. How do you decide to reject or not to reject the null hypothesis based on manual
computation?
We can reject the null hypothesis if there is only a very small probability of getting
the observed difference in sample means, and we cannot reject the null hypothesis if
the probability of obtaining the observed results is quite high.
10. How do you decide to reject or not to reject the null hypothesis based on using a
statistical computer package?
After testing is complete, the final conclusion is given in terms of the null hypothesis.
The result is either "Reject H0 in favor of H1" or "Do not reject H0"; the conclusion is
never "Reject H1" or "Accept H1."
HOMEWORK ABOUT CHAPTER VII
1. A researcher is interested in finding out whether students taught using Method A can learn
English better than those taught using Method B. An experimental study is conducted by
assigning 23 students randomly to Group A (taught by using Method A) and to Group B (taught
by using Method B). At the end of the experiment, the students take an English proficiency test
and obtain the following scores.
(a) State the null and the alternative hypotheses
(b) Use an appropriate statistical procedure to analyze the data and write the results.
(c) Give interpretations of the result of the analysis
(d) What is the conclusion of the study?
(e) What is the implication of the result of the study?
Group A: Group B:
(n = 11) (n = 12)
21 29
28 26
30 35
24 34
24 32
26 33
27 34
26 32
24 30
28 35
31 33
34

2. A researcher is interested in finding out whether students would write better using an
outline than without using an outline. An experimental study is conducted by asking 12 students
to write twice; first by using an outline and, second, without using an outline. To control the
order effect, half of the students have to write a composition with an outline first and the other
half without an outline first. Below are the scores for the two types of compositions.
(a) State the null and the alternative hypotheses
(b) Use an appropriate statistical procedure to analyze the data and write the results.
(c) Give interpretations of the result of the analysis
(d) What is the conclusion of the study?
(e) What is the implication of the result of the study?

With an outline: Without an outline:

Student:
1 11 10
2 15 13
3 16 15
4 19 15
5 14 12
6 16 14
7 15 12
8 17 15
9 18 16
10 20 17
11 14 12
12 17 14