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3.
Calcium, Ca 40 Argon, Ar 40
Sodium, Na 23 Silver, Ag 108
Iron, Fe 56 Caesium, Cs 133
Copper, Cu 64 Lead, Pb 207
Carbon, C 12 Chlorine, Cl 35.5
Hydrogen, H 1 Flourine, F 19
Potassium, K 39 Aluminium, Al 27
Lithium, Li 7 Zinc, Zn 65
Bromine, Br 80 Helium, He 4
2.
Substance
Molecular formula Relative molecular mass, Mr
Hydrogen gas H2 2(1) = 2
Propane C3H8 3(12) + 8(1) = 44
Ethanol C2H5OH 2(12) + 5(1) + 16 + 1 = 46
Bromine gas Br2 2(80) = 160
Methane CH4 12 + 4(1) = 16
Glucose C6H12O6 6(12) + 12(1) + 6(16) = 180
3.
Substance Compound formula Relative formula mass, Fr
1
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2009 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae
2. number of atoms
4. Avogadro constant
5. In other words:
2
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2009 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae
x Avogadro Constant
number of moles number of particles
∻ A
vogadro Constant
contains :
7.
3
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2009 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae
f) 0.5 mol Copper (II) nitrate, ( Cu[NO3]2 )contains 0.5 x 1 x 6.02 x 1023 Cu2+ ions
3.
4
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2009 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae
Activity 5
4.
a) 2g of helium atoms b) 6g of carbon atoms
= 2/4 = 0.5 mol = 6/12 = 0.5 mol
c) 16g of helium atoms d) 4g of sulphur atoms
= 16/4 = 4 mol = 4/32 = 0.125 mol
e) 4g of oxygen molecules (O2) f) 213g of chlorine molecules (Cl2)
= 4/32 = 0.125 mol = 213/71 = 3 mol
g) 0.56g of nitrogen molecules (N2) h) 254g of iodine molecules (I2)
= 0.56/ 28 = 0.02 mol = 254/ 254 = 1 mol
i) 88g of carbon dioxide (CO2) j) 3.1g of sulphur dioxide (SO2)
= 88/ 44 = 2mol = 3.1/ 64 = 0.048 mol
k) 560g of potassium hydroxide (KOH) l) 392g of sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
= 560/ 56 = 10 mol = 392/ 98 = 4 mol
m) 170g of ammonia (NH3) n) 120g of magnesium oxide (MgO)
= 170/ 17 = 10 mol = 120/ 40 = 3 mol
o) 4g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) p) 73g of hydrogen choride (HCl)
= 4/ 40 = 0.1 mol = 73/ 36.5 = 2 mol
q) 15.8g of potassium manganate (VII) r) 8g of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)
KMnO4 = 8/ 80 = 0.1 mol
= 15.8/ 158 = 0.1 mol
s) 0.78g of aluminium hydroxide Al(OH)3 t) 0.92g of ethanol (C2H5OH)
= 0.78/ 78 = 0.01 mol = 0.92/ 46 = 0.02 mol
Activity 6
5.
Chemical
Element/compound formulae Molar mass Calculate
Copper Cu RAM= 64 (a)Mass of 1 mol = 64 g
(b) Mass of 2 mol = 128 g
(c)Mass of ½ mol = 32 g
(d)Mass of 3.01x1023 Cu atoms
= 32 g
5
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2009 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae
2. same volume
4.
5. Complete the above diagram (Refer to Page 33, 34 & 38-Chemistry textbook)
X 22.4dm3
22.4dm3
6.02Mass
X Molar x 1023
6
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2009 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae
The letter H
shows Subscript shows 2
symbol of hidrogen atom in a
Hydrogen
atom
H2 molecule
Magnesium oxide
MgO 1 atom of Mg combine with 1 atom of O
3).
** Empirical Formula The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element
in the compound.
** Molecular Formula The actual number of atoms of each element that are
present in a molecule of the compound
Example: (i) CH2 (ii) CH2O
Activity 10
7
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2009 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae
Element X O
Mass of element(g) 10.35 11.95-10.35
Number of moles of atoms 10.35÷207 (11.95-10.35)÷16
d) 2.52g of a hydrocarbon contains 2.16 g of carbon. The relative molecular mass of the
hydrocarbon is 84. [RAM H,1; C,12]
i. Find the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon
Element C H
Mass of element (g) 2.16 0.36
Numberof moles atoms 0.18 0.36
Ratio of moles 1 2
Empirical formula : C1H2 = CH2
ii. Find the molecular formula of the carbon.
n(CH2 ) = 84
n [ 12 + 2(1) ] = 84
n = 84 / 14 = 6
Molecular formula = (CH2)6 = C6H12
Activity 11
8
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2009 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae
9
WAJA F4 Chemistry 2009 Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae
Avtivity 12
a) Cu(NO3)2
b)
(i). Magnesium chloride (ii). Potassium carbonate (iii). Calcium sulphate
MgCl2 K2CO3 CaSO4
(iv). Copper (II) oxide (v). Silver nitrate (vi). Zinc nitrate
CuO AgNO3 Zn(NO3)2
(vii). Aluminium oxide (viii). Iron(II) hydroxide (ix). Lead(II) sulphide
Al2O3 Fe(OH)2 PbS
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WAJA F4 Chemistry Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equations
1)
b) reactants
c) products
d) solid: (s), liquid (l), gas (g) and aqueous solution : aq
2)
a) Sodium + chlorine Sodium chloride
2 Na(s) + Cl2 (g) 2 NaCl (s)
b) Carbon + Oxygen Carbon dioxide
C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)
c) Sulphur + oxygen Sulphur dioxide
S(s) + O2 (g) SO2 (g)
d) Zinc + oxygen Zinc oxide
2Zn (s) + O2 (g) 2ZnO (s).
3)
(a). C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)
Interpreting :
1 mole of C reacts with 1 mol of O2 to produce 1 mole of CO2
11