CHAPTER 1

Background of the study

According to Raymundo Mitchell A. An Overview Sanitation, hygiene, and cleanliness are the

hallmarks of a civilized society. Sanitation is critical for health and sustainable socioeconomic

development. There is an increasing tendency for communities in rural hinterlands to defecate in

the open much to the annoyance of officials who are working overtime to deal with different

aspects of sanitation with individuals, families and interests upon better accessibility to

sanitation. The agenda set for providing clean water and better sanitation facilities apply more so

for developing countries. For the marginalized communities, lack of clean water and adequate

sanitation acts as an impediment for the Human Development growth in the communities

across the world. A multidisciplinary subject, sanitation has the inherent potential to harness

healthy living among the public at large. The larger societal development can only be achieved

through empowering rural people on core issues of sanitation. The quality of human life, directly

or indirectly, depends upon accessibility to Better sanitation. In the post globalization scenario,

water and sanitation have become important agendas for developing countries, not truly reflected

in rural areas the human development indicators also depend upon the better sanitation

Accessibility to the marginalized communities. Sanitation is not only a development issue, but also

an empowerment tool for the development of society and it has now turned into a multidisciplinary

subject in the global development sector. in the process of integrated development of society,

sanitation is one of the determinants for both individual and family development. The

Individual Sanitary Latrine (ISL), or Individual Household Latrine (IHHL), may seem like

an unlikely catalyst for human progress. Almost one and all living in the developed world has
access to a private, flush toilet served by a continuous supply of piped water with taps and toilets

in close proximity. Access to sanitation facilities is one of the key indicators for human

development. In developing and under developed countries, sanitation continues to be a big

challenge for the governments, as well as civil society. As a result, at the other end of the sanitation

gamut are the millions of people forced to defecate in bags, buckets, fields or the roadside. If the

developed country model were the benchmark, the number of people lacking sanitation

would be far higher than that recorded by World Health Organization (WHO) and United

Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) data. The global deficit would soar from 2.6 billion people

to about 4 billion. The sanitation aspect shows impact of the daily life of a common person because

human waste is channeled by pipes into sewerage systems and treatment facilities, ensuring

that drinking water is separated from the pathogens carried in fiscal matter. Meanwhile,

taps located in sanitation facilities enable people to maintain personal hygiene. Cleanliness and

hygiene are important from not only the public health point of view, but also socio and

economic development of the family. There is no doubt to say in This era sanitation dictates the

human life.