Ethernet Service Complementary Information

Ethernet Service
Introduction
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Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Basic Concepts
 Port
 External physical port of Ethernet unit, the common rates of
external port are 10M, FE, GE and 10GE;
 VC Trunk
 Virtual Container Trunk, VC Trunk is built by VC. It is the
internal port of Ethernet unit.
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Structure of Ethernet Unit
Collecting alarm
and performance
event
Send to Cross-connect unit

GFP-F
FE
N
N×VC12/VC3/
X
VC4
VC4
FE
GE
VCTRUNK
Port
Note: Both of the external and internal ports can process Tag flag
Tag Attributes
 Tag flag is used to identify the type of frames. Three types of Tag
attributes are available: Tag aware, Access, and Hybrid.
 Tag Aware: When the port is set to be Tag aware, the port transmits the
packets with the Tag flag transparently and discards those without the Tag flag;
 Access: When the port is set to be Access, the port attaches a Tag flag to the
packets without Tag flag according to its VLAN ID and discards those with the
Tag flag;
 Hybrid: When the port is set to be Hybrid, the port can process packets
regardless of the Tag flag and attach a Tag flag to the packets without the Tag
flag according to its VLAN ID.
Tag Attributes (Cont.)
Packet
Tag Untag
Port
Tag aware (In) Transmit transparently Discard
Tag aware (Out) Transmit transparently －
Access (In) Discard Attach default VLAN ID
Access (Out) Delete VLAN ID －
Hybrid (In) Transmit transparently Attach default VLAN ID
If VLAN ID is the same, delete

Hybrid (Out) the Tag flag, otherwise transmit －
transparently
Layer 2 Switching Model
Application Application
layer layer
Presentation Presentation
layer layer
Session The emergence of L2 Session
layer makes Ethernet evolve layer
into the switching mode.
Transport Transport
layer layer
Network Layer 2 switch Network
layer layer
Link layer Link layer Link layer Link layer
Physical Physical Physical Physical

layer layer layer layer
L2 LAN Switch – Work Mechanism
1234.ABCD.0001 1234.ABCD.0003
A C
PORT1 PORT3
PORT2 PORT4 D
B switch 1234.ABCD.0004
MAC ADD. Port

1234.ABCD.0002 MAC A 1
MAC B 2
 Learning based on source
MAC C 3
MAC D 4
MAC Address Learning/Forwarding
DA SA DA SA
MAC 4 MAC1 MAC 1 MAC2
MAC 1 MAC 2
A P1 P2 B
P3 P4
Switch
MAC 3 MAC Address Forwarding Table MAC 4
C MAC 1 P1 D
MAC 2 P2
• PC-A sends a packet in which DA • PC-B sends a packet in which DA
is MAC4 and SA is MAC1. is MAC1 and SA is MAC2.
• The switch cannot find the • The switch finds P1 that MAC1
corresponding port of MAC4 in the corresponds to in the MAC
MAC address forwarding table and address forwarding table and
broadcasts the packet to each port. unicasts the packet to P1.
• The switch learns P1 that MAC1 • The switch learns P2 that MAC2
corresponds to. corresponds to.
Switching Modes
• The switch starts to forward a data frame upon receiving the
destination address.
Cut-Through • The delay is low.
• The switch does not check data frames for errors.
• The switch starts to forward a data frame upon receiving it

completely.
• The delay is high and is determined by the length of a data frame.
Store-and-Forward • The switch checks data frames errors and discards incorrect data
frames.
• The switch starts to forward a data frame upon receiving the

first 64 bytes (the shortest frame length) of the data frame.
Fragment-free • The fragment-free mode has the advantages of the cut-
through mode and the store-and-forward mode.
Three Switch Modes
 Cut-Through:
 Forward the frame immediately after it receive destination
address
 Short time delay
 Switch doesn’t check the error
 Store-and-Forward:
 Switch forward the frame after it receive the whole frame
 Long time delay
 Switch check the error so no error frame will be forwarded
 Fragment-free:
 Switch forward the frame after it receive 64 bytes
 Integrate the advantage of the cut-through and store-and-
forward mode
VLAN-Tagged Layer 2 Switching
Receive: Check whether a data
Layer 2 Switch frame contains a VLAN tag.
 Yes: Hand the data frame to the
forwarding module
No: Add a tag according to the
Data 
Receive port and hand the data frame to

Frame the forwarding module
• Destination MAC address of a

Search/ data frame
Route • VLAN ID
Send: Check whether the peer

device supports a VLAN tag.
• Yes: Send the data frame directly.
Data
• No: Remove the tag and send the Send
data frame. Frame
Static Forwarding
 Static MAC address table
 Manually configure the correspondences between MAC

addresses and ports to obtain a MAC address forwarding table.
 The MAC addresses in the MAC address forwarding table will

not be aged.
 Blacklist
 Forwarding is forbidden according to the destination address of

a packet.
 The packets whose destination address is in the blacklist and

that belong to the configured VLAN are discarded.
Switch
A switch when compared to bridge has multiple port.Switches can perform error checking before forwarding data.which
are very efficient by not forwarding packets that error end out or forwarding good packets selectively to connect
Switches can support both layer2(( based on MAC address ) and layer 3 ( based on IP address ) depending on the type
of switch .U sually large networks use switches instead of hubs to connect computers within the same subnet
Bridge
In telecommincations networks The bridge is a product that connects a Local area Network ( LAN ) to another
Local Area Network that uses the same protocol. Having a single incoming and outgoing por and filters traffic on the LAN
By looking at the MAC address,the bridge is complex than hub .Bridge looks at the destination of the packet before
Forwarding unlike a hub . It restrics transmission on the other LAN segment if destination is not found .
A Bridge works at the data –link ( physical network ) level of a network ,coping a data frame from one network to the
Next network along the communications path

Differences between Switch Layer 2 and Bridge Layer 2
BRIDGE LAYER2 SWITCH LAYER 2
Can connect fewer LAN Can connect more networks compared to the bridge.
Have only 2 or 4 ports A switch can have hundreds of ports.
Three types, simple , Store-and-forward , cut-through, fragment free

multiport and transparent
Not Error Checking Error checking

Half Duplex Half Duplex , Full Duplex
----- Broadcast Domain per VLAN

Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. 15
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 16
Contents
2. Ethernet Service Classification
2.1 Overview
2.2 EPL
2.3 EVPL
2.4 EPLAN
2.5 EVPLAN
Overview
 EPL: Ethernet Private Line
 EPLAN: Ethernet Private LAN
 EVPL: Ethernet Virtual private Line
 EVPLAN: Ethernet Virtual Private LAN
EPL
 EPL (Ethernet Private Line): EPL can provide low latency
and high security point to point transmission without sharing.
 Bandwidth exclusive
 Services isolated
EPL (Cont.)
 Point to Point transmission without sharing
VCTRUNK 1 VCTRUNK 1
VCTRUNK 1
VCTRUNK 2
VCTRUNK 2 VCTRUNK 2
Port 1 Port 1
A A
Port 2 Port 2
NE 1 NE 2
B B
MSTP Equipment Enterprise User
Questions
 EPL provides private bandwidth for users. How about if
VCTRUNK / Port resource is not enough?
EVPL
 EVPL ( Ethernet Virtual Private Line): Multiple service flows can
share VCTRUNK/Port with VLAN ID/MPLS/QinQ. It can improve
the bandwidth utilization ratio and save the ports resource of
Ethernet unit.
EVPL
Port Shared Vctrunk Shared
•VLAN tag-based
•VLAN tag-based
•MPLS encapsulation-based
•QinQ technology-based
Port Shared EVPL
 Services share one external port with different VLAN ID.
VCTRUNK 1 VCTRUNK 1
VCTRUNK 1
VCTRUNK 2
VCTRUNK 2 VCTRUNK 2
Port 1
(VLAN 100)
Port 1
VLAN 100 Department A
Headquarters VLAN 200 Port 2
(VLAN 200)
NE 1 NE 2
Department B
MSTP Equipment Enterprise User
VCTRUNK Shared EVPL (VLAN ID)
 Services share one VCTRUNK with different VLAN ID.
VCTRUNK 1
Port 1 Port 1
VLAN 100 VLAN 100
A A’
Port 2 Port 2
VLAN 200 VLAN 200
NE 1 NE 2
B B’
MSTP Equipment Cyber Cafe User Community User
MPLS Basics
MPLS network
IP P
PE
PE
P
LSP
MPLS
 MPLS: Multi-protocol Label Switching, standard routing and switching

platform;
 Tunnel/VC: Two labels in MPLS, range of value is 16～(220-1);
 LSP: Label switching path, different value labels will be given in different
nodes, data can be sent forward according these labels;
 P/PE: P (Provider) internal node of MPLS network, PE (Provider Edge) the
edge of MPLS network.
VCTRUNK Shared EVPL (MPLS)
 EVPL can provide VCTRUNK sharing with different MPLS labels if the
VLAN ID of the services are the same. The traffic of A and B will share
VCTRUNK1 with different Tunnel and VC values.
Add Label Strip Label

Tunnel 55
VLAN ID P P P P VLAN ID
VC 25
11
Port 1
E E 11
Port 1
Port 2 VCTRUNK 1 Port 2
NE 1 Tunnel 56 NE 2
VC 26
Dept. A Dept. B Dept. B Dept. A
Branch 1 Branch 2
MSTP Equipment Company F
QinQ Basics
 QinQ technology is a VLAN stacking technology
 C-VLAN
 S-VLAN
 Advantages of QinQ technology:

 Expands VLAN and alleviates VLAN resource insufficiency;
 Extends LAN service to WAN, connecting the client network to

the carrier network and supporting transparent transmission.
VCTRUNK Shared EVPL (QinQ)
 EVPL can provide VCTRUNK sharing with different S-VLAN if the C-
VLAN ID of the services are the same. The traffic of A and B will share
VCTRUNK1 with different S-VLAN values.
Add S-VLAN Strip S-VLAN
C-VLAN S-VLAN C-VLAN C-VLAN
11 30 11 11
Port 1 Port 1
VCTRUNK 1
Port 2 Port 2
NE 1 S-VLAN C-VLAN
NE 2
20 11
Dept. A Dept. B Dept. B Dept. A
Branch 1 Branch 2
MSTP Equipment Company F
Questions
 What’s the difference between EPL and EVPL?
 What’s the main feature of EVPL?
EPLAN
 EPLAN (Ethernet Private LAN), it is based on L2 switching.
It can provide muti-points to muti-points low latency and
high security communication.
 Bandwidth is exclusively occupied
 Service isolated
 Involves layer 2 switching
EPLAN (Cont.)
 EPLAN (Ethernet Private Local Area Network) all the sub-companies at
different areas can communicate with each other. NE 3 implements the
L2 switching function.
NE 1
PORT 1
NE 2 NE 4 PORT 1
H2 H3
NE 3
VCTRUNK 1 VCTRUN VCTRUN VCTRUNK 1
K K
PORT 1 PORT 1
PORT 1
Company H
H1 MSTP Equipment
VCTRUNK 1 VCTRUNK 2
Virtual Bridge (IEEE 802.1d Bridge)
PORT 1
EPLAN - MAC Add. Self-learning
 Forwarding based on destination address
MAC add. Port
MACA 1
MACB 1
MACC 2
MACD MACA ……… MACD 2
Port 1
Port 2
L2 Switch MACA MACD ………
EPLAN - VB/LP
 VB: Virtual bridge, logical L2 switch. One Ethernet unit can
configure N*VB, each VB provides M*LP, the data in
different VB is isolated;
 LP: Logical Port, the logical port of VB.

VB1
LP1 LP4
LP2
PORT VCG
Ethernet Unit
LP5
LP6
VB3 VB2
EPLAN - STP
 STP: Spanning tree protocol. The protocol will temporarily
disable the backup links when loop of Ethernet service is
occurred in the network.
Root
Questions
 What is the advantage of EPLAN?
 What is the working mechanism of EPLAN?
EVPLAN
 EVPLAN (EVPLAN: Ethernet Virtual Private LAN): the
bandwidth could be shared by different users. Services
should be differentiated by the VLAN/QinQ scheme.
 IEEE 802.1q bridge
 IEEE 802.1ad bridge
EPLAN vs EVPLAN
EPLAN
… EVPLAN
…
 Shared VLAN Learning  Independent VLAN

(SVL) Learning (IVL)
 Ingress Filtering
Disabled VS  Ingress Filtering
Enabled
 Data fowarding based  Data fowarding based

on VB + MAC Address on VB + MAC Address +
VLAN
EVPLAN (802.1q Bridge)
 The 802.1q bridge performs Layer 2 switching according to the
destination MAC addresses and VLAN IDs.
NE 1
VLAN ID H3
H2
PORT 1 NE 2 VCTRUNK 1 VCTRUNK 2 NE 4 PORT 1
PORT 1 PORT 2
PORT 2 PORT 2
NE 3
VCTRUN VCTRUN
K K
G2 G3
PORT 1 PORT 2 Company H

H1 G1
Company G
VLAN Forwarding VLAN Forwarding
Table Table
MSTP Equipment
VCTRUNK VCTRUNK
1 1
VLAN VLAN Virtual Bridge
VCTRUNK VCTRUNK
100 200
2 2
PORT 1 PORT 2
EVPLAN (802.1ad Bridge)
 The 802.1ad bridge performs Layer 2 switching according to the
destination MAC addresses and S-VLAN IDs.
NE 1
Service C-VLAN Service C-VLAN

S-VLAN
VoIP 10 VoIP 10
HSI 20 VCTRUNK 1 VCTRUNK 2 HSI 20
PORT 1
NE 2 NE 4 PORT 1
PORT 1 PORT 2
User M User N
NE 3
VCTRUN VCTRUN
K K
VoIP HSI
PORT 1 PORT 2
Enterprise User
VLAN Forwarding VLAN Forwarding MSTP Equipment

Table Table
VCTRUNK VCTRUNK Virtual Bridge
1 1
S- S-
VLAN VCTRUNK VLAN VCTRUNK
100 2 200 2
PORT 1 PORT 2
Questions
 What is the application of EVPLAN?
 Is there any scenario that EPL/EVPL/EPLAN/EVPLAN

service will be used in one network?
Summary
 Basic Concepts
 Ethernet Service Classification
Thank you
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Ethernet Service

Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Send to Cross-connect unit

Tag aware (In) Transmit transparently Discard

Tag aware (Out) Transmit transparently －

Access (In) Discard Attach default VLAN ID

Access (Out) Delete VLAN ID －

Hybrid (In) Transmit transparently Attach default VLAN ID

If VLAN ID is the same, delete

Link layer Link layer Link layer Link layer

Physical Physical Physical Physical

MAC ADD. Port

MAC 3 MAC Address Forwarding Table MAC 4

• The switch starts to forward a data frame upon receiving it

• The switch starts to forward a data frame upon receiving the

Receive port and hand the data frame to

• Destination MAC address of a

Send: Check whether the peer

 Manually configure the correspondences between MAC

 The MAC addresses in the MAC address forwarding table will

 Forwarding is forbidden according to the destination address of

 The packets whose destination address is in the blacklist and

Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

BRIDGE LAYER2 SWITCH LAYER 2

Have only 2 or 4 ports A switch can have hundreds of ports.

Three types, simple , Store-and-forward , cut-through, fragment free

Not Error Checking Error checking

Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 EPLAN: Ethernet Private LAN

 EVPL: Ethernet Virtual private Line

 EVPLAN: Ethernet Virtual Private LAN

MSTP Equipment Enterprise User

Port Shared Vctrunk Shared

MSTP Equipment Enterprise User

MSTP Equipment Cyber Cafe User Community User

 MPLS: Multi-protocol Label Switching, standard routing and switching

Add Label Strip Label

Dept. A Dept. B Dept. B Dept. A

MSTP Equipment Company F

 Advantages of QinQ technology:

 Extends LAN service to WAN, connecting the client network to

Dept. A Dept. B Dept. B Dept. A

MSTP Equipment Company F

 What’s the main feature of EVPL?

 Involves layer 2 switching

L2 Switch MACA MACD ………

 LP: Logical Port, the logical port of VB.

 What is the working mechanism of EPLAN?

 IEEE 802.1ad bridge

 Shared VLAN Learning  Independent VLAN

 Data fowarding based  Data fowarding based

PORT 1 PORT 2 Company H

Service C-VLAN Service C-VLAN

VLAN Forwarding VLAN Forwarding MSTP Equipment

 Is there any scenario that EPL/EVPL/EPLAN/EVPLAN

 Ethernet Service Classification

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