Coordinates: 39°02′N 88°00′E

Charklik (ancient settlement)

Charklik, Charkhlik is an archeology site located in what is now officially
Charklik
Ruoqiang (Qakilik) County, in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of
the People's Republic of China. Together with the nearby Miran site, they
correspond to two ancient capitals of Shanshan, Wuni ( 扜 泥 *__
C.nˤ[əj]/qʰʷa niːl) and Yixun (伊循 *ʔij sə.lu[n]/*qlil ljun). However, it is
yet to be cleared which site correspond to which capital.

Contents
History
Description Shown within China
See also
Location China
Footnotes
Region Xinjiang
References
Coordinates 39.033333°N 88°E
External links

History
Charklik was the name for an ancient settlement that was located in modern Ruoqiang County in Xinjiang. It was part of the
kingdom of Loulan (later renamed Shanshan) from at least the 1st century BCE.

During the latter part of the Former Han and throughout the Later Han the capital of the kingdom of Shanshan was known as
Yüni (扜泥), which is thought to be located near the present town of Ruoqiang at Charklik.[1]

The explorer and archaeologist Aurel Stein visited the small oasis of Charklik in 1906, where he found a little village that was the
official headquarters of a very large district, almost all desert, and including the salt lake known as Lop Nor. The district,
however, only contained about five hundred households, even including the semi-nomadic herders and fishermen called 'Lopliks'.

It was recorded that the Buddhist monk Xuanzang passed through a town called Na-Fu-Bo (纳缚波) on his way home to China in
645 CE, and Marco Polo in the 13th century passed through a place he called the town of Lop,[2] and both of these were
suggested by Aurel Stein to be Charklik.[3] Stein indicated that there is "conclusive evidence" that Charklik was already the chief
centre of the region when Xuanzang passed through the town.[4][5]

Description
At various times in history Charklik was the last stop on the difficult Southern Silk Road from Khotan before crossing the much-
feared salt pans of Lop Nor to Dunhuang. An alternate route from modern Charklik heads south through the Qaidam Desert
which then turns northeast to Dunhuang, or south to Lhasa. There is also an ancient route leading north across the Taklamakan
Desert to Korla. Northeast of the town of Ruoqiang is the important archaeological site of Miran.[6]

The modern town of Ruoqiang is described as "small, busy place" with only very basic accommodation available. It is a
convenient jumping-off place to visit the ruins of Miran.[7]
South of Charklik are the imposing Altun Mountains which contain a large nature reserve where the wild horse, Przewalski's
horse (Equus przewalski), now extinct in the wild, is being reintroduced from stocks bred in zoos.[6]

See also
Tarim mummies
Loulan Kingdom
Miran

Footnotes
1. Hill (2015) Vol. I, p. 93.
2. J.M. Dent (1908), "Chapter 36: Of the Town of Lop Of the Desert in its Vicinity - And of the strange Noises heard
by those who pass over the latter", The travels of Marco Polo the Venetian (https://archive.org/stream/marcopolo
00polouoft#page/98/mode/2up), pp. 99–101
3. Aurel Stein (1932). "Chapter IX: Section 1 - Marco Polo Lop and Hsüan Tsang Na-Fu-Po". ~Serindia (http://dsr.ni
i.ac.jp/toyobunko/VIII-5-B2-9/V-1/page/0390.html.en). I. pp. 319–322.
4. Stein (1932), p. 83.
5. Hill (2015) Vol. I, p. 84.
6. Bonavia (2004), p. 330.
7. Leffman et al. (2005), p. 1074.

References
Bonavia, Judy (2004). The Silk Road: From Xi'an to Kashgar. Judy Bonavia, revised by Christoph Baumer.
Odyssey Publications. Hong Kong. ISBN 962-217-741-7.
Leffman, David, Simon Lewis and Jeremy Atiyah. (2005). The Rough Guide to China. Fourth edition. Rough
Guides, New York, London, Delhi. ISBN 978-1-84353-479-2.
Stein, M. Aurel (1932). On Ancient Central Asian Tracks: Brief Narrative of Three Expeditions in Innermost Asia
and Northwestern China. Aurel Stein. Reprinted with Introduction by Jeannette Mirsky. Book Faith India, Delhi.
1999.

External links
A tourism Guide to Charklik. [1] (https://web.archive.org/web/20090305084854/http://www.centralasiatraveler.co
m/cn/xj/cr/charklik-ruoqiang.html)

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