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𝑃𝑚 = (𝜌𝐻2 𝑂 )(𝑔)(∆ℎ)
Donde:
𝜌𝐻2 𝑂 = 1000𝐾𝑔/𝑚3
𝑔 = 9.81 𝑚/𝑠 2
Equivalencias:
Para ∆𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝒎
𝑃𝑚 = (𝜌𝐻2 𝑂 )(𝑔)(∆ℎ)
𝑃𝑚 = (1000)(9.81)(0.10)
𝑃𝑚 = 981 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑷𝒎 = 𝟕. 𝟑𝟓𝟗𝟗𝟐𝟏 𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒓
Para ∆𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎𝒎
𝑃𝑚 = (𝜌𝐻2 𝑂 )(𝑔)(∆ℎ)
𝑃𝑚 = (1000)(9.81)(0.20)
𝑃𝑚 = 1962 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙
Para ∆𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎𝒎
𝑃𝑚 = (𝜌𝐻2 𝑂 )(𝑔)(∆ℎ)
𝑃𝑚 = (1000)(9.81)(0.30)
𝑃𝑚 = 2943 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑷𝒎 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟎𝟕𝟗𝟕𝟔𝑻𝒐𝒓𝒓
Para ∆𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎𝒎
𝑃𝑚 = (𝜌𝐻2 𝑂 )(𝑔)(∆ℎ)
𝑃𝑚 = (1000)(9.81)(0.40)
𝑃𝑚 = 3924 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑃𝑚 = (1000)(9.81)(−0.10)
𝑃𝑚 = −981 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑃𝑚 = (1000)(9.81)(−0.20)
𝑃𝑚 = −1962 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑃𝑚 = (𝜌𝐻2 𝑂 )(𝑔)(∆ℎ)
𝑃𝑚 = (1000)(9.81)(−0.30)
𝑃𝑚 = −2943 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙
Donde:
Además:
Muerto (ml)
La Media sería:
∑𝟏𝟎
𝒊=𝟏 𝑷𝒊 𝑽𝒊
𝑴𝒆 =
𝟏𝟎
225.3852
𝑀𝑒 =
10
𝑴𝒆 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟓𝟑𝟖𝟓𝟐 𝑻𝒐𝒓𝒓. 𝒍
|𝑷𝒊 𝑽𝒊 − 𝑴𝒆|
∆(𝑷𝒊 𝑽𝒊 ) = 𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝑴𝒆
Altura (m) V total (l) Pgas seco (Torr) PV
0.00 0.0345 0 0
Sol.
𝑷𝑽
𝒏=
𝑹𝑻
Donde
𝑻𝒐𝒓𝒓. 𝒍
𝑻 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝑲 , 𝑹 = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟒
𝒎𝒐𝒍 . 𝑲
Altura (m) PV n
La media será:
𝒏𝒎𝒆𝒅 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟑𝟕𝟖
|𝒏𝒊 − 𝒏𝒎𝒆𝒅 |
∆(𝒏𝒊 ) = 𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝒏𝒎𝒆𝒅
Sabemos que:
𝑽𝟐
𝑾 = 𝒏𝑹𝑻 𝐥𝐧
𝑽𝟏
𝑱
𝑹 = 𝟖. 𝟑𝟏𝟒
𝑲 . 𝒎𝒐𝒍
Desde 𝒉 = 𝟎 hasta 𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎:
𝑉2
𝑊 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 ln
𝑉1
0.0342
𝑊 = (0.00133862)(8.314)(300) ln
0.0345
𝑾 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟗𝟏𝟓𝟗 𝑱
Desde 𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎 hasta 𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎
𝑉2
𝑊 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 ln
𝑉1
0.0339
𝑊 = (0.00134020)(8.314)(300) ln
0.0342
𝑾 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟗𝟒𝟓𝟏 𝑱
0.0335
𝑊 = (0.00133756)(8.314)(300) ln
0.0339
𝑾 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟗𝟓𝟗𝟖 𝑱
Desde 𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎 hasta 𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟎
𝑉2
𝑊 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 ln
𝑉1
0.0333
𝑊 = (0.00134267)(8.314)(300) ln
0.0335
𝑾 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟑𝟐𝑱
0.033
𝑊 = (0.00134356)(8.314)(300) ln
0.0333
𝑾 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟎𝟑𝟐𝟔𝟗𝑱
0.0348
𝑊 = (0.00133474)(8.314)(300) ln
0.0345
𝑾 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟖𝟖𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟑 𝑱
0.0351
𝑊 = (0.00133245)(8.314)(300) ln
0.0348
𝑾 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟖𝟓𝟐𝟕𝟏𝟗 𝑱
0.0354
𝑊 = (0.00132992)(8.314)(300) ln
0.0351
𝑾 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟖𝟐𝟑𝟎𝟔𝟗 𝑱
𝟏𝒄𝒂𝒍 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟖𝟔 𝑱
𝑾
𝑸=
𝟒. 𝟏𝟖𝟔
Desde 𝒉 = 𝟎 hasta 𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎:
−0.029159
𝑄=
4.186
𝑸 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟗𝟔𝟓𝟖𝟑 𝒄𝒂𝒍
Sabemos que:
𝑸
∆𝑺 =
𝑻
Donde: 𝑻 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎°𝑲
∆𝑺 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟗𝟓𝟐𝟒𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟓
∆𝑺 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟕𝟏𝟔𝟑 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟓
∆𝑺 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟐 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟓
7. Calculo de ∆𝑨 (Joules)
𝑾
∆𝑨 = −𝑻 ( ) = −𝑾
𝑻
8. Calculo de ∆𝑮 (CAL):
Sol.
𝑸
∆𝑮 = −𝑻 ( ) = −𝑸
𝑻
𝑷𝑽
𝒏=
𝑹𝑻
Donde:
𝑻𝒐𝒓𝒓. 𝒍
𝑷 = 𝟕𝟓𝟐. 𝟏𝑻𝒐𝒓𝒓 , 𝑹 = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟒
𝒎𝒐𝒍 . 𝑲
∑ 𝒏𝒊
𝐧𝐩 =
𝟔
𝒏𝒑 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟔𝟗𝟒
Sol.
Donde:
𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝑷: 𝒂𝒕𝒎.
𝑽 𝒆𝒏 𝒍𝒕.
Intervalo W
Los valores del trabajo para cada etapa son aproximadamente cero, esto comprueba que
los gases trabajados son “no ideales”, ya que para gases ideales el “W” es cero.
Hallamos el calor:
𝑸 = 𝒏𝑪𝒗 ∆𝑻
Donde:
𝟒. 𝟗𝒄𝒂𝒍
𝑪𝒗 =
𝒎𝒐𝒍. °𝑲
𝑄 = (0.00119665)(4.9)(349 − 300)
𝑸 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟕𝟑𝟏𝟓𝟔𝟕 𝒄𝒂𝒍
𝑄 = (0.00118474)(4.9)(352 − 349)
𝑸 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟏𝟓𝟔𝟖 𝒄𝒂𝒍
𝑸 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟒𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟎𝟖 𝒄𝒂𝒍
𝑸 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟗 𝒄𝒂𝒍
𝑸 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟏𝟒𝟕𝟒 𝒄𝒂𝒍
Hallamos ∆𝐸:
∆𝑬 = 𝑸 − 𝑾
∆𝑬 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟕𝟏𝟔𝟕𝟐𝟐𝟒 𝒄𝒂𝒍
∆𝑬 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟑𝟔𝟔𝟏𝟗𝟖 𝒄𝒂𝒍
∆𝑬 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟒𝟏𝟒𝟖𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒄𝒂𝒍
∆𝑬 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟕𝟎𝟐𝟎𝟔 𝒄𝒂𝒍
∆𝑬 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟕𝟔𝟓𝟐𝟔𝟐 𝒄𝒂𝒍
∆𝑯 = ∆𝑬 + 𝑾 = 𝑸
∆𝑯 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟕𝟑𝟏𝟓𝟔𝟔𝟓 𝒄𝒂𝒍
∆𝑯 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟒𝟏𝟓𝟔𝟕𝟖𝒄𝒂𝒍
∆𝑯 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟒𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟎𝟖𝟎 𝒄𝒂𝒍
∆𝐻 = 0.011270206 + 0.000049480
∆𝑯 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟖𝟔 𝒄𝒂𝒍
∆𝐻 = 0.016765262 + 0.000049480
∆𝑯 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟏𝟒𝟕𝟒𝟐 𝒄𝒂𝒍
𝑪𝒗
∆𝑺 = ∆𝑺° + ∫ ( ) 𝒅𝑻
𝑻
𝑪
∆𝑺 = 𝟎 + ∫ ( 𝑻𝒗 ) 𝒅𝑻
𝑻𝟐 𝟒. 𝟗 𝒄𝒂𝒍
∆𝑺 = 𝑪𝒗 𝐥𝐧 𝑪𝒗 =
𝑻𝟏 𝒎𝒐𝒍. °𝑲
Para: 𝑻 = 𝟑𝟒𝟗°𝑲
349
∆𝑆349°𝐾 = 4.9 ln
300
∆𝑺𝟑𝟒𝟗°𝑲 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟒𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟖𝟐𝟗
Para: 𝑻 = 𝟑𝟓𝟐°𝑲
352
∆𝑆352°𝐾 = 4.9 ln
300
∆𝑺𝟑𝟓𝟐°𝑲 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟑𝟐𝟓𝟖𝟔𝟑
Para: 𝑻 = 𝟑𝟓𝟖°𝑲
358
∆𝑆358°𝐾 = 4.9 ln
300
∆𝑺𝟑𝟓𝟖°𝑲 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟔𝟔𝟎𝟕𝟕𝟓𝟏
Para: 𝑻 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎°𝑲
360
∆𝑆360°𝐾 = 4.9 ln
300
∆𝑺𝟑𝟔𝟎°𝑲 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟗𝟑𝟑𝟕𝟓𝟔𝟑
Para: 𝑻 = 𝟑𝟔𝟑°𝑲
363
∆𝑆363°𝐾 = 4.9 ln
300
∆𝑺𝟑𝟔𝟑°𝑲 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟑𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟗𝟕𝟔
364
362
360
Temperatura (°K)
358
356
354
352
350
348
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Variación de entropía(∆S)