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Thein Sein

Thein Sein (Burmese: သိန်းစိန်; IPA: [θéɪɴ sèɪɴ]; born 20 April 1944) is a
His Excellency
Burmese politician and retired general in the Myanmar Army who served as the
Agga Maha Thray Sithu
8th President of Myanmar from 2011 to 2016. He previously served as Prime
Agga Maha Thiri Thudhamma
Minister from 2007 to 2011, and is considered by many in and outside Myanmar
Thein Sein
as a moderate and reformist in the post-junta government.[1]
သိန ်းစိန ်
His government undertook a series of political reforms including some
deregulation of the country's censored media, releasing many political prisoners
and halting the country's controversial large Chinese-led hydro-power project.
The developments that followed included Myanmar's appointment to chair
ASEAN in 2014, improved relations with the US, the release of Aung San Suu
Kyi – his 2015 general election rival – from house arrest, and the reinstatement
of major opposition party National League for Democracy (NLD) in the by-
election held on 1 April 2012.[2]

Contents
Early life
Military career
Prime Minister
Presidency 8th President of Myanmar
Election and appointment In office
Regional policy
30 March 2011 – 30 March 2016
Domestic policy
2012 cabinet reshuffle Vice President Tin Aung Myint Oo
Union Solidarity and Development Party Sai Mauk Kham
Nyan Tun
Monkhood
Personal life Preceded by Than Shwe as
Chairman of the State
References
Peace and
Development Council

Early life Succeeded by Htin Kyaw

Thein Sein was born in Kyonku, British Burma (now Myanmar), a small 11th Prime Minister of Myanmar
Irrawaddy delta village near Hainggyi Island in what is now Ngapudaw In office
Township to Maung Phyo (father) and Khin Nyunt (mother).[3] He was the 24 October 2007 – 7 November
youngest of three children. His parents were landless farmers, and his father 2010
made a living carrying cargo at the river jetty and weaving bamboo mats.[3][4] Acting: April 2007 – 24 October 2007

Thein Sein's father Maung Phyo became a Buddhist monk 10 years after his Leader Than Shwe
wife's death, and spent his remaining years as a monk.[3]
Preceded by Soe Win
Succeeded by Aung San Suu Kyi
Military career (State Counsellor,
2016)
Thein Sein graduated from the 9th intake of the Defence Services Academy with
First Secretary of the State Peace
a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1968, becoming a second lieutenant afterward.[3][5] and Development Council
Throughout Thein Sein's four-decade long military career, he was considered a In office
bureaucrat, not a combat soldier. In 1988, he served as a major for Sagaing 19 October 2004 – 24 October 2007
Division's 55th Light Infantry Division and later served as a commander for
Preceded by Soe Win
Sagaing Division's 89th Infantry Battalion in Kalay Township. The following
Succeeded by Tin Aung Myint Oo
year, he studied at the Command and General Staff College in Kalaw, Shan
State. Member of Parliament
for Zabuthiri
By 1991, he had returned to Yangon, after being promoted to the rank of colonel In office
and 1st Grade General Staff Officer in the War Office. He was then promoted to 7 November 2010 – 30 March 2011
brigadier general, but remained at his position in the War Office, which marked Preceded by Constituency
the first time a brigadier general was promoted to General Staff Officer. In 1995, established
he was recruited as the commander of Yangon Division's Military Operations
Succeeded by Sanda Min
Command 4 in Hmawbi. A year later, in 1996, he was appointed to lead the new
Triangle Regional Military Command in Kyaingtong, Shan State, serving this
Majority 65,620 (91.2%)
role for four years (1997–2001).[5] Personal details
Born 20 April 1944
In 1997, he became a member of the State Peace and Development Council and
Kyounku, Burma
was appointed as Secretary-2 in 2003.[6][7] He was promoted to the rank of
lieutenant general that year.[8] After Khin Nyunt was deposed and Soe Win Political party State Peace and
became Prime Minister in 2004, he was promoted to Secretary-1 and promoted Development
to General in late 2004.[7] Council (Before
2010)
Union Solidarity
Prime Minister and Development
Thein Sein was appointed in Party (2010–
April 2007 by the nation's present)
ruling military junta[9] as Spouse(s) Khin Khin Win
interim prime minister,
Children 3
replacing Soe Win, who was
undergoing medical treatment Alma mater Defence Services
for leukaemia.[10][11] He was Academy
formally appointed as Soe Cabinet Thein Sein's
Thein Sein and Thai PM Abhisit
Win's permanent successor on Cabinet
Vejjajiva during a state visit to
24 October 2007 after Soe Military service
Naypyidaw in October 2010.
Win's death on 12 October
Allegiance Myanmar
2007.[12]
Branch/service Myanmar Army
He held the position of first secretary in the ruling State Peace and Development
Years of 1968–2010
Council junta. He was the country's fourth-highest ranking general,[13] and also
service
served as the chairman of the government-sponsored National Convention
Rank General
Convening Commission.[14] Thein Sein carried out high-level negotiations with
Bangladesh and Cambodia.[10][11]
In 2007, sometime after his official appointment as prime minister, he was promoted to the rank of general from lieutenant
general.[15] On his first official visit outside Myanmar as prime minister, Thein Sein carried out high-level negotiations with
Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia.[16][17][18] In the aftermath of Cyclone Nargis in May 2008, he led the National Disaster
Preparedness Central Committee as chairman and was criticised for the government's systematic blocking of relief efforts.[5]

Presidency

Election and appointment


On 29 April 2010, he retired from the military, along with 22 other military officials, to lead the Union Solidarity and
Development Party as a civilian.[19] During the 2010 general election, he was head of the Union Solidarity and Development
Party, which contested in a controversial election and won the overwhelming majority of seats in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw. Thein
Sein ran against National Unity Party candidate Kyaw Aye during the election, contesting a Pyithu Hluttaw seat to represent the
constituents of Naypyidaw Union Territory's Zabuthiri Township. He purportedly won 91.2% of the votes (65,620).[20]

On 4 February 2011, he was elected by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw's Presidential Electoral College as the next President of
Myanmar, becoming the country's first non-interim civilian president in 49 years. Tin Aung Myint Oo and Sai Mauk Kham were
named as the new vice-presidents.[21] He was sworn in on 30 March 2011 alongside the two vice-presidents and the newly
elected parliament.[22]

Regional policy
In the first month of his presidency, he sought the support of ASEAN Secretary-General Surin Pitsuwan to support Myanmar's
bid to chair the ASEAN Summit in 2014.[23] As of July 2011, the government has formed a planning committee led by foreign
affairs minister Wunna Maung Lwin.[24] In his presidency, Myanmar took the ASEAN chairmanship in 2014. ASEAN summit
was held in Naypyidaw in the same year.[25]

Domestic policy
Some have considered Thein Sein as a moderate because he was willing to engage with Aung San Suu Kyi; he had a high-profile
meeting with her in Naypyidaw on 19 August 2011.[26] On 17 August 2011, he was quoted by the state newspaper, The New
Light of Myanmar as saying:[27]

“ We will make reviews to make sure that Myanmar [Burmese] citizens living
abroad for some reasons can return home if they have not committed any crimes.
And if a Myanmar citizen in a foreign country who committed crimes applies for
returning home to serve terms, we will show our benevolent attitude in dealing
with his case. ”
Various news sources interpreted his suggestion as an invitation for overseas Burmese citizens to return to their country of origin
and help rebuild the Burmese economy.[28]

In 2012, Thein Sein proposed that the minority Rohingya ethnic group, which had lived in Burma for hundreds of years, be
"resettled" abroad, a proposal the United Nations was quick to object to.[29] Thein Sein has also supported domestic policies that
label Rohingya as "non-citizens". He has said that the 2012 Rakhine State riots "has nothing to do with race or religion."[30]

2012 cabinet reshuffle


On 27 August 2012,
Thein Sein announced a
major cabinet reshuffle
of 9 ministers and 15
deputy ministers, to
consolidate the
authority of his office
by removing hardliner
Thein Sein meets US President
ministers and replacing
Barack Obama in Rangoon, 19
them with political United States Secretary of State Hillary
November 2012
allies.[31] Among the Clinton meets with Burma's President Thein
Sein in Naypyitaw, 1 December 2011.
more prominent
changes was the transfer of Kyaw Hsan from the post of Minister for
Information to Minister of Cooperatives, and the appointment of Aung Min, Tin Naing Thein and Soe Thein, all former
lieutenants under Thein Sein, to the posts of Minister of the President's Office.[31]

Union Solidarity and Development Party


On 16 October 2012, Thein Sein was re-elected as the chairman of the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) at the
USDP's first party conference in Naypyidaw.[32] This is in direct contradiction to the 2008 Constitution of Myanmar, which
states:[33]

“ If the President or the Vice-Presidents are members of a political party, they shall
not take part in its party activities during their term of office from the day of their
election. ”
According to the constitution, he was technically barred from taking part in party activities during his term of office. Because of
mounting criticism over his dual role, Thein Sein handed over the chairman position of party to Shwe Mann on 1 May 2013. But
Thein Sein will continue to play a leadership role within the ruling party and did not disqualify himself from consideration as the
party's presidential candidate of 2015 election.[34][35][36]

Monkhood
A day after Thein Sein left office, the Democratic Voices of Burma published a
news article that the ex-president would be ordaining as a monk on 1 April 2016
for a few days. According to the DVB, a 'spokesperson close to the President'
refused to disclose where he would be ordained, but it would be in a "small,
peaceful town".[37]

According to a Facebook post, he was ordained under Ashin


Ordination of Thein Sein into the
Nandamalabhivamsa in a monastery in Pyin Oo Lwin under the monastic name
Sangha
U Santi Dhamma.[38][39]

Personal life
Thein Sein is married to Khin Khin Win. The couple have three daughters.[3] One of his daughter, Yin Thuzar Thein, who is
married to a military captain, Han Win Aung.[40] He suffers from heart disease and uses a pacemaker.[41][42]

References
1. Ba Kaung (15 August 2011). "Will Naypyidaw's Olive Branch Bear Fruit?" (http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?a
rt_id=21899). The Irrawaddy. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
2. "One Year of Myanmar's Thein Sein Government: Background and Outlook of Reforms" (http://www.ide.go.jp/Eng
lish/Research/Region/Asia/201204_kudo.html). KUDO Toshihiro. Retrieved May 2012. Check date values in:
|accessdate= (help)
3. Keller, Bill (30 September 2012). "A Conversation with President U Thein Sein of Myanmar" (http://keller.blogs.ny
times.com/2012/09/30/a-conversation-with-president-u-thein-sein-of-myanmar/). The New York Times. Retrieved
1 October 2012.
4. Fuller, Thomas (14 March 2012). "A Most Unlikely Liberator in Myanmar" (https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/15/w
orld/asia/a-most-unlikely-liberator-in-myanmar.html). The New York Times. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
5. "President Thein Sein" (http://www.altsean.org/Research/Regime%20Watch/Executive/President.php).
Alternative Asean Network on Burma. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
6. "THEIN SEIN profile" (http://www.altsean.org/Research/SPDC%20Whos%20Who/SPDC/TheinSein.htm).
Alternative Asean Network on Burma. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
7. "Lt-Gen Thein Sein is new PM" (http://www.mmtimes.com/no390/n003.htm). Myanmar Times. 29 October 2007.
Retrieved 22 August 2011.
8. Tun Tun (3 February 2011). "Profiles of vice president nominees" (http://www.mizzima.com/news/election-2010-/4
837-profiles-of-vice-president-nominees.html). Mizzma News. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
9. "Countries Me-My" (http://rulers.org/rulm2.html#myanmar). Rulers.org. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
10. Burmese junta choose stand-in PM (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6669035.stm), BBC.co.uk; retrieved
20 May 2007.
11. Burmese Junta Tips New Prime Minister (http://www.irrawaddy.org/aviewer.asp?a=7115&z=163); retrieved 20
May 2007.
12. Myanmar appoints new PM (http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-10/24/content_6939012.htm), Xinhua;
retrieved 24 October 2007.
13. Myanmar paramount leader not nominated for president: MPs (https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/01/us-my
anmar-president-idUSTRE71021320110201), Reuters; retrieved 1 February 2011.
14. Work coordination meeting of National Convention Convening Commission, Work Committee and Management
Committee held (http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs/NCcommittees_meet-2004-04-19.htm), The New Light of
Myanmar; retrieved 20 April 2004.
15. Myanmar PM to visit Laos, Vietnam (http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-11/07/content_7026130.htm),
Xinhua. Retrieved 7 November 2007.
16. Burma's PM visits Vietnam (http://www.theage.com.au/news/World/Burmas-PM-visits-Vietnam/2007/11/09/11943
29510113.html), Associated Press via The Age. Retrieved 11 November 2007.
17. Laos, Myanmar set to enhance relations (http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-11/09/content_7040876.htm),
Xinhua; retrieved 11 November 2007.
18. Myanmar's prime minister visits Cambodia to garner support against sanctions (http://www.pr-inside.com/myanm
ar-s-prime-minister-visits-cambodia-r325144.htm)
19. Wai Moe (5 May 2010). "Tight Censorship on Reporting USDP" (http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=183
88). The Irrawaddy. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
20. "People's parliament candidates in Zabuthiri constituency (Naypyitaw Union Territory)" (http://www.burma2010ele
ction.com/election/peoples/constituency/673). Retrieved 21 August 2011.
21. Burma ex-Prime Minister Thein Sein named new president (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12362
745), BBC, 4 February 2011.
22. "President sworn in, junta dissolved- DVB Multimedia Group" (http://www.dvb.no/news/president-sworn-in-spdc-d
issolved/15033). Dvb.no. 30 March 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
23. "Burma as Asean Chair in 2014? Think Again" (http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=21225). The
Irrawaddy. 3 May 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
24. Nyi Thit (25 July 2011). "Burma organizes committee to host Asean Summit" (http://www.mizzima.com/news/insid
e-burma/5665-burma-organizes-committee-to-host-asean-summit.html). Retrieved 22 August 2011.
25. "ASEAN Summit 2014, Myanmar" (http://asean-summit-2014.tumblr.com/). asean-summit-2014.tumblr.com.
Retrieved 20 March 2016.
26. "Aung San Suu Kyi meets Burma's president Thein Sein" (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/19/aung-
san-suu-kyi-meeting). The Guardian. 19 August 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
27. Ko Htwe (18 August 2011). " 'Welcome Home' Greeted with Skepticism" (http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art
_id=21919). The Irrawaddy. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
28. "Burmese President Invites Return of Citizens Abroad" (http://blogs.voanews.com/breaking-news/2011/08/17/bur
mese-president-invites-return-of-citizens-abroad). Voice of America. 17 August 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
29. "UN refugee chief rejects call to resettle Rohingya" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20120712/as-myan
mar-sectarian-unrest). The Huffington Post. 12 July 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2012.
30. Voice of America, Burma: Sectarian Violence Not About Race or Religion, 10 August 2012,
http://www.voanews.com/content/burma-sectarian-violence-not-about-race-or-religion/1483768.html
31. Fuller, Thomas (27 August 2012). "President of Myanmar Reshuffles His Cabinet" (https://www.nytimes.com/201
2/08/28/world/asia/myanmar-leader-thein-sein-reshuffles-his-cabinet.html). The New York Times. Retrieved
24 September 2012.
32. Wang Yuanyuan (16 October 2012). "President U Thein Sein re-elected as Myanmar's ruling party leader" (http://
news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-10/16/c_131910351.htm). Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 17 October
2012.
33. "Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar" (http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/79572/
85698/F1127243646/MMR79572.pdf) (PDF). Government of Myanmar. 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
34. "Thein Sein resigns as chairman of Burma's ruling party" (http://www.dvb.no/news/thein-sein-resigns-as-chairman
-of-burma%E2%80%99s-ruling-party/27866). DVB News. 2 May 2013. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
35. Win Ko Ko Latt (6 May 2013). "Speaker confirmed as new USDP chairman" (http://www.irrawaddy.org/archives/3
3709). The Myanmar Times. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
36. WENG, LAWI (3 May 2013). "Thein Sein Still a USDP Leader, May Be Party's 2015 Presidential Pick: Lawmaker"
(http://www.irrawaddy.org/archives/33709). The irrawaddy. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
37. "Ex-president Thein Sein to ordain as monk: report- DVB Multimedia Group" (http://www.dvb.no/news/ex-preside
nt-thein-sein-to-ordain-as-monk-report/61495). DVB Multimedia Group. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
38. "Myanmar Ex-president Mr. U Thein Sein... - Bhikkhu Bhaddiya | Facebook" (https://www.facebook.com/bhikkhu.
bhaddiya/posts/933425030111450). www.facebook.com. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
39. "Burma's Former President Thein Sein Joins Monkhood" (http://www.irrawaddy.com/burma/burmas-former-presid
ent-thein-sein-joins-monkhood.html). The Irrawaddy. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
40. Min Lwin (5 February 2009). "Burmese PM's Daughter Camera Shy on Her Wedding Day" (http://www2.irrawadd
y.org/article.php?art_id=15067). The Irrawaddy. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
41. "Profile: Burmese leader Thein Sein" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12358204). BBC News. 4
February 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
42. McCoy, Clifford (4 May 2011). "Man in the mirror in Myanmar" (http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/M
E04Ae01.html). Asia Times. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
Political offices
Vacant
Title next held
Prime by
Preceded by Minister of Aung San
Soe Win Myanmar Suu Kyi
2007–2010 as State
Counsellor of
Myanmar

Preceded by President of
Succeeded by
Than Shwe Myanmar
Htin Kyaw
as Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar 2011–2016

Diplomatic posts
Chairperson
Preceded by Succeeded by
of ASEAN
Hassanal Bolkiah Najib Razak
2014

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