Coefficients

Coefficients for use with the Contract Price Adjustment Formula (CPAF) for
Works of Civil Engineering Construction
It is stressed that the coefficients provided below are issued as a basic guideline only and are
subject to amendment, depending on the specific requirements and variations contained in
differing types of contracts.

NO. WORK CATEGORY LABOUR (a) PLANT (b) MATERIALS (c) FUEL (d)
1 BULK EARTHWORKS 0.10 0.65 0.05 0.20
2 EARTHWORKS (WITH CULVERTS AND DRAINAGE) 0.15 0.50 0.20 0.15
3 NEW ROAD CONSTRUCTION
3.1 NATIONAL PROVINCIAL ROADS
(a) INCLUDING BITUMEN 0.15 0.35 0.35 0.15
(b) EXCLUDING BITUMEN 0.20 0.40 0.25 0.15
3.2 URBAN ROADS
(a) INCLUDING BITUMEN 0.25 0.15 0.55 0.05
(b) EXCLUDING BITUMEN 0.30 0.30 0.35 0.05
4 TOWNSHIP ROADS AND SERVICES
(a) INCLUDING BITUMEN 0.20 0.25 0.45 0.10
(b) EXCLUDING BITUMEN 0.21 0.27 0.42 0.10
5 REHABILITATION/RESURFACING WORKS
(a) INCLUDING BITUMEN 0.15 0.25 0.50 0.10
(b) EXCLUDING BITUMEN 0.20 0.35 0.35 0.10
6 ROUTINE MAINTENANCE WORKS
(a) INCLUDING BITUMEN 0.45 0.30 0.15 0.10
(b) EXCLUDING BITUMEN 0.48 0.37 0.05 0.10
7 WATER AND SEWER RETICULATION 0.15 0.20 0.55 0.10

8 CONCRETE WORKS (RESERVOIRS AND OTHER

GENERAL CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS)
0.25 0.15 0.55 0.05
9 CONCRETE WORKS (MAJOR STRUCTURES) 0.15 0.20 0.55 0.10
Notes:
1) On roadwork contracts where bitumen is excluded from the escalation formula and treated as a
“special material”, the coefficients detailed under 3.1(b), 3.2(b), 4(b), 5(b) and 6(b) should be
used.
2) Where there is a major component in a contract, such as cement (in the construction of a
concrete road or a large dam) or reinforcing steel (in the construction of a large concrete
structure), then consideration should be given to treating these components as “special materials.”
This is consistent with the provisions of the General Conditions of Contract for Construction Works,
2010 (GCC 2010). This may also apply to major materials for specialist Subcontractors.
3) The coefficient for fuel may need to be revised from time to time, as it has a tendency to increase
out of proportion to the other factors in the CPA Formula.
4) Accepting the fact that the coefficients are offered as a basic guideline only, it is
proposed that where modification of the coefficients is required for a specific category of work, this
should be resolved at the site inspection or, where necessary, renegotiated with the Client.