The list of GLOSSES

This list contains labels already listed in the Leipzig Glossing Rules, as well as a number of
new labels, which have been collectively devised, under the control of Bernard Comrie, in
order to fit the general principles of the LGE, while being adaptable to automatic searches in
softwares such as ELAN.
The list is not exhaustive and can be completed. Additions should fit the requirements of LGE
expanded by CorpAfroAs:
a) Three letters by default, more only if absolutely necessary,
b) Glosses containing a negative prefix implying the existence of a positive gloss (non-
factual as opposed to factual for instance) should contain the prefix n in small capitals,
followed by the gloss in capitals (nFCT as opposed to FCT).

4 October 2011 Version

ABL Ablative

ABS Absolutive

ABSL Absolute

ABST Abstract

ACC Accusative

ACT Active

ADRE Addressee

ADRF Form of address

ADJ Adjective

ADJL Adjectival

ADV Adverb

ADVS Adversative

ADVZR Adverbializer

AFF Affirmative

AFFX Affix

AGT Agentive

ANAPH Anaphoric
ANIM Animate

ANN Annexed (state)

ANT Anterior

AOR Aorist

APHO Apophony

APPREC Appreciative

ASP Aspect

ASS Assertive

ASSOC Associative

ATO Apotony

ATTR Attributive

AUG Augmentative

AUX Auxiliary

BEN Beneficiary

BKL Back-channelling

BORR Borrowing

CASE Case

CAUS Causative

CFG Centrifugal

CIRC Circumfix

CL Clitic

CMPR Comparative

CN Compound noun

CNS Consensual

CNT Continuous

COL Collective

COM Comitative

COMP Complementizer
COMPL Completive

COND Conditional

CONJ Conjunction

CONS Consecutive

CONT Continuous

CONTR Contrast

COORD Coordinative

COP Copula

COV Covert

CP Complex predicate

CRPT Cryptic

CS Construct State

CSL Causal

CSW Codeswitching

CFCT Counterfactual

CTP Centripetal

CVB Converb

DAT Dative

DECL Declarative

DEF Definite

DEICT Deictic

DEM Demonstrative

DEON Deontic

DEPREC Depreciative

DER Derivation, derivated

DET Determiner

DIFF Diffusive

DIM Diminutive
DIR Directional

DIST Distal

DISTR Distributive

DM Discourse marker

DP Dependent

DS Different Subject

DTR Detransitivizer

DU Dual

DUR Durative

EMPH Emphatic

EN Enunciative

EQ Equative

ERG Ergative

EVD Evidential

EXASP Exasperation

EXCL Exclusive

EXCM Exclamative

EXHORT Exhortation

EXS Existential

EXT extension

F Feminine

FACT Factitive

FCT Factual

FNPM Final Proposition Marker

FOC Focus

FREQ Frequentative

FRGD Foregrounding

FS False Start
FUT Future

G Gender

GEM Derivation by Gemination

GEN Genitive

GL Genitive Link

GNR Generic

GOAL Goal marker

GULP Swallowing noise

HAB Habitual

HESIT Hesitation

HOM Homonymy

HORT Hortative

HUM Human

ICPL Incompletive

IDEOPH Ideophone

IDIOM Idiomatic

IDP Independent

IDV Individual

IJT Injunctive

IMM Immediate (past, future…)

IMN Imminent

IMP Imperative

IMPS Impersonal

INAN Inanimate

INC Inceptive

INCH Inchoative

INCL Inclusive

INDF Indefinite
INF Infinitive

INGR Ingressive

INPM Intital Proposition Marker

INS Instrumental

INT Intensive

INTF Interference

INTJ Interjection

IPFV Imperfective

IRR Irrealis

ITER Iterative

KIN Kinship

LAB Labile

LC Locution, set phrase such as ‘by the will of

God’, etc.

LENGTH Lengthening

LG Long form

LGG Language name morpheme

LINK Consecutive

LOC Locative

M Masculine

MALF Malefactive

MDF Modified

MID Middle

MNR Manner

MOD Modal

MOV Mover

MTV Motive

N Noun

nACT Non-Active
NAR Narrative

nASS Non-Assertive

NEG Negative

NEGPFV Negative perfective

nFCT Non-Factual

nFOC Non-Focus

NMLZ Nominalizer, Nominalization

NOM Nominative

nPS Non-personal

nPST Non Past

nSBJ Non-Subject

NTR Neutral

NUM Numeral

OBJ Object

OBL Oblique

ONOM Onomatopea

OPN Reported speech opener

OPT Optative

ORD Ordinal

OTC Outcome

OV Overt

PASS Passive

PAT Patient

PFV Perfective

PRFX Prefix

PL Plural

PLAC Pluractional

PLR Polar
PLUR Plurative

PNG Person-Number-Gender

POL Polite

POS Positive

POSS Possessive

POSTNEG Postverbal element of negation

POSTP Postposition

POSTV Postverbal

POT Potential

PR Proper (noun), should be preceded by N.

PRED Predicate

PREP Preposition

PRFX Prefix

PRM Previous Reference Marker

PRO Pronoun

PROF profession morpheme

PROG Progressive

PROH Prohibitive

PROX Proximal

PRS Present

PRSM Presumptive

PRST Presentative

PRT Property

PS Personal

PSSR Possessor

PST Past

PTCL Particle

PTCP Participle
PUNCT Punctual

PVB Preverbal particle

Q Question

TAG Tag (question)

QLT Quality

QNT Quantifier

RD Reported discourse

RDP Reduplication

REAL Realis

REAS Reassertive

RECP Reciprocal

RED Reduced

REFL Reflexive

REL Relative

RELSBJ Subject-relativization form

REM Remote (past, future…)

RES Resultative

SBJ Subject

SBJV Subjunctive

SEM Semelfactive

SG Singular

SH Short form

SING Singulative

SIT Situative

SLNG Slang

SMLT Simultaneous

SOC Sociative

SPC Spatial
SPCF Specifier

SPEC Specific

SRC Source

SS Same Subject

STAT Stative

SUFX Suffix

SUP Superlative

SVC Serial verb construction

SYNT Syntactic

TAM Tense-aspect-mood

TEMP Temporal

THM Theme

TOP Topic

V Verb

V* Irregular/defective verb

V% different thematic vowel in 1st and 2nd

singular than in other persons in PFV

V+number Number = verbal category (each language

has a different nomenclature, see
grammatical sketch for the precise value in
each language)

VBL Verbal (noun), should be preceded by N.

VENT Ventive

VM Verb Marker

VN Verbonominal

VOC Vocative

VPL Verb Plural morpheme

VRT Virtual

WIT Witnessed

XXX Inaudible (therefore unglossable)

YTH Youth language

1 First Person

2 Second Person

3 Third Person