GLOBAL CHANGE:

OZONE DEPLETION
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 CONTENTS

• Ozone Depletion Process [slide 4]

• Ozone Hole [slide 5]
• Ozone Hole [slide 6]
• Ozone Depleting Substances [slide 7]
• Ozone Depleting Substances [slide 8]
• Ozone Depleting Substances [slide 9]
• Ozone Depletion Potential [slide 10]
• Ozone Depletion Potential [slide 11]
• Impacts [slide 12]

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• Montreal Protocol [slide 13]
• Additional Resources [slide 14]

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 OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES

• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s)
• contains: Cl, F, C
• long-lived, non-toxic, non-corrosive, and non-flammable
• in 1960’s used in refrigerators, air conditioners, spray cans,
solvents, foams
• phase out by 1996 in developed countries

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• Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
• contains: H, Cl, F, C
• first major replacement for CFC
• ODP’s range from 0.01 - 0.1
• much less destructive by also ozone depleting
• reduce HCFC’s by 35% by 2004 in developed countries
• Hydrofuluorocarbons (HFC)
• contain: H, F, C
• do not deplete O3
• some HFC’s have a high GWP

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• Halons
• contain: Br, Cl (in some but not all), F, H (in some but not
all), C
• Br many times more effective in destroying O3
• ODPs range up to 10
• used in fire extinguishers
• phase out by 1994
• Methyl Bromide (CH3Br)
• an effective pesticide, used to fumigate ag soil and
products
• ODP = 0.4
• production in US will end 12/31/2000
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 OZONE DEPLETION POTENTIAL

• Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP): a number that

refers to the amount of ozone depletion caused by
a substance
• The ODP is the ratio of the impact on ozone of a
chemical compared to the impact of a similar mass
of CFC-11.

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 OZONE DEPLETION POTENTIAL

• ODP of CFC-11 is defined to be 1.0.

• Other CFCs and HCFCs have ODPs that range
from 0.01 to 1.0.
• Halons have ODPs ranging up to 10.
• Carbon tetrachloride has an ODP of 1.2
• Methyl chloroform's ODP is 0.11.
• HFCs have zero ODP because they do not
contain chlorine.

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 IMPACTS

• Ozone layer absorbs most of the harmful

UV-B radiation; more UV-B means:
• more melanoma and non-melanoma
skin cancers
• more eye cataracts
• weakened immune systems
• reduced plant yields
• damage to ocean eco-ecosystems
• more damage to plastics
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 MONTREAL PROTOCOL

• Vienna Convention in 1985

• framework agreement
• Montreal Protocol in 1987
• Phase-out schedules for CFCs and halons
• London Amendment in 1990
• accelerated phase outs; additional CFC’s, CCl4,
CH3CCl3
• Copenhagen Amendment in 1992
• added methyl bromide, HBFCs, HCFCs
• Montreal Amendment in 1997
• finalized phase-out schedules for methyl bromide
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 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

• US EPA
• web site: http://www.epa.gov/ozone/
• NASA
• web site:
http://www.nas.nasa.gov/Services/Education/Resourc
es/TeacherWork/Ozone/Ozone.homepage.html

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