ARTS APPRECIATION SUMMARY

A. COURSE OUTLINE 1. Science -‘scientia’ = knowledge


I. Introduction -systemized body of knowledge and facts
II. Visual Arts 2. Communication- various means by
-Painting which individuals and entities relay
-Sculpture information to large segments of the
-Architecture population via mass media
III. Literary Arts 3. Psychology- study of the mind and
IV. Performing Arts behavior of human
4. Sociology- study of society

B. INTRODUCTION -deals with human social behavior
5. Anthropology- study of the origin,
• Humanities- came from the Greek word behavior, and physical, social and cultural
‘humus’ which means ‘human’ development of humans

• Humanism- a political ideology from the • Different Views Between Science and
medieval period; believes that human Humanities
should be humanized, socialized and
educated to respond positively to abrupt
Science Humanities
changes of the society
Objective Subjective
• Arts- came from the Latin word ‘ars’ which
means ‘ability’ or ‘skill’ Theories/ Hypotheses Experience

Experimental Exploratory
• Protagoras stated:
“Man is the measure of all things.” Analytical Understanding
-which means that humans must have dignity
and worthiness Facts Interpretation

Definition Description
• 4 E’s of Learning Humanities 

(heart/base foundations of the domains) Empirical Explanatory

1. Exploration- results to sense of Judgment Opinion0based

discovery
Quantitative Qualitative
2. Exposure- refers to the environment
3. Experience- the main learning process
4. Enjoyment- the release and discovery • Arts in Human Development (Theories)

• 3 Domains in Learning Humanities 1. Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs


1. Cognitive- the intellectual aspect
2. Affective- the emotional aspect
3. Psychomotor- the actions
*all leads to Personal Development
• Other Disciplines in Studying
Humanities
-‘Theory of Human Motivation’

-as humans meet basic needs, they seek
to successively satisfy higher needs
which occupies a set of hierarchy

-in the real world, people do not work
successively through these levels

-they are much less structured



Levels:

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 Self-Actualization morality, creativity, Immanuel Kant stated:
problem solving
“Everyone has his own sense of taste.
Esteem confidence, self- The case of beauty is different from mere
esteem, agreeableness because if he proclaims
achievement, something to be beautiful, then he requires
respect the same liking from others; he then judges
not juts for himself but for everyone, and
Love/ Belonging love, friendship, speaks of beauty as if it were a property of
intimacy, family things.”
Safety security of
environment, • Aesthetics and Beauty



employment,
1. Aesthetics- subfield of philosophy
resources, health,
concerning beauty and art. It spans all
property
areas of artistic endeavor. 

Physiological air, food, water, sex, -came from the Greek word ‘aisthetikos’
sleep, other factors which means ‘of sense perception.’

towards -refers to the forms and psychological
homeostasis effects of arts

2. Beauty- the quality of things as perceived

2. Theory of Multiple Intelligences
 by the person judging to objects
-postulated by Dr. Howard Gardner
 -determining whether something is beautiful
-states that traditional notion of depends on the faculty of sight and a
intelligence, based on IQ testing, is far person’s own sentiments for beauty which
too limited
 vary in every individual
-there are 8 realms of intelligence
3. Contemporary Beauty- is based not on
Linguistic/ Word-smart innate qualities but rather on cultural
Languages specifics and individual interpretation
Logical- Number/reasoning- 4. Taste- varies according to class, cultural
Mathematical smart
background and education
Spatial Picture-smart
*Interpretations of art and beauty possess
Bodily-Kinesthetic Body-smart two concepts of value: Aesthetics and Taste
Musical Music-smart
For Kant, beauty is objective and universal.
Interpersonal People-smart Thus, certain things are beautiful to
everyone.
Intrapersonal Self-smart
Constructive Criticism- makes the artist
Naturaslitic Nature-smart
more creative as he/she tries to improve his/
her from or style in creating a work of art
3. Theory of Aesthetics

-study of arts is related to the judgment of
• Expressions of an Artist

aesthetic value. Aesthetic examines the 

affective domain’s response to an object 1. Skill- learned capacity to carry out pre-
of phenomenon

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 determined results
 • Major Arts- includes paintings,
2. Talent- natural capacity to do something
 architecture, sculpture, literature, music
3. Motivation- the driving force and dance
• Minor Arts- includes the decorative arts,
• Terminologies in Understanding the popular arts, graphic arts, plastic arts and
Humanities and the Arts
 industrial arts


1. Artist- a person engaged in one or more 1. Performing Arts- includes theater, play,
activities related to creating art practicing dance and music. They involve
the arts, and/or demonstration of an art
 movement, speaking and gestures

2. Affective Learning- the effect and -art that use the human body, face and
acquisition of behaviors involved in presence of media i.e. dance, opera,
expressing feelings, attitudes, appreciation drama, magic shows, sports, and circus
and values.
 arts
3. Creativity- the act of a person who, 2. Decorative Arts- creation of ornamental
through imagery, makes something new and functional works using a variety of
such as a product, a solution, or a work of materials such as ceramic, wood, glass,
art that has some kind of value
 metal, textile, and the like
4. Gustatory Art- aka ‘food decorating’ or 3. Spatial (Visual) Arts- artworks that are
‘food plating’
 perceived by our eyes which may be
-visual content and aesthetic presentation classified into graphic and plastic arts

of food
 

5. Independence- the value of freedom Graphic Arts- they have flat, two-
and acting on one’s own will and capacity
 dimensional surface such as painting,
6. Interdependence- the value of being drawing, photography and other products
mutually and physically responsible for of the printing industry. It covers the
others, and sharing a common set of commercial arts like the design of books,
principles with them
 advertisements, signs, posters and others
7. Modern Teacher- describes the new display forms for ads. 

breed of unconventional, creative 

instructors and facilitators who deviate from Plastic Arts- visual arts which have
the norms of teaching based on books and three-dimensional forms. Under this
theories
 grouping are architectural design,
8. Multimedia- refers to today’s media construction of buildings, landscapes of
using a combination of different tools and gardens, parks, playgrounds and golf
form which include text or print, audio- courses and also interior design
visual presentation, animation, 4. Popular Arts- include films, newspaper,
documentary, the Internet, photographs and magazine, radio and television. This
the like
 group is characterized as gay and lively
9. Practical Approach- a method of 5. Literary Arts- includes short stories,
teaching which instills learning through novels, poetries and dramas
action and participation
 6. Gustatory Arts of the Cuisine- they are
10. Theories- refer to the coherent group visual objects produced for beautifying
of general propositions used as principles houses, offices, cars and other structures.
of explanation for a class of phenomenon. 
 They are also called applied arts


• Names of the Artists


C. GROUPING THE ARTS The artists are called by so many names
Arts are generally grouped into: because of their varied expertise in the use

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 of different media or materials
 3. We make things that are pleasing to the
1. Painter- paints with pigments and uses
oil and colors. canvass or tempera
2. Architect- works with designs
3. Sculptor- works with images; draws and
carves from original designs and
sketches. Makes scale model of statues
4. Poets- uses words and speak in rhymes;
author of a poem
5. Musician (general term)- use musical
notes or tones, and spoken words that
are being sang
6. Composer- puts tones together and
composes melodies and songs.
Conceives and originates pieces of
music.
7. Singer- a songster, an opera singer,
prima donna, or a diva. May be a vocalist
o soloist.
8. Choreographer- an artist who composes
or teaches choreography or the art of
representing stage dancing by signs or
music. Composes or arranges dance
movements or patterns to accompany a
piece of music or to develop a theme.
9. Author- is also known as a writer.
10. Dramatist- author of a dramatic play;
writes compositions in prose and poetry
arranged for excitement to be performed
by actors and actresses on stage to
portray a character,
11. Playwright- writes and adapts his
materials for the stage, radio, television,
or motion pictures production
12. Novelist- writer of fiction with originality.
Also known as the writer of stories
13. Dancer- artist who moves his body
aesthetically
 -works: Andres Bonifacio Monument in


Danseure- male ballet dancer
 7. Fernando Amorsolo- portraitist and
Danseuse- female ballet dancer
• Values and Reasons for Art
1. Arts are valuable in our lives
2. We create things to serve our practical
purpose
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eye or ear
4. We commemorate certain occasions with
paintings, songs, dances and dramatic
plays to heighten the importance of such
events and to keep them memorable and
pleasurable
• Specific Artists in Arts
1. Francesco Petrarch- study of classical
writings; wrote a collection of beautiful
love sonnets

-his love for poetry illustrates the
importance of human emotions
2. Miguel de Cervantes- poked fun at the
feudal society, especially knighthood and
chivalry, by portraying the Mad Adventure
of Don Quixote de la Mancha in the book
Don Quixote
3. William Shakespeare- regarded as the
‘best playwright’ and ‘poet of all time.’ His
plays were considered as literary gems. 

-his sonnets were written in an exquisite
manner brought striking images
conceived with man’s personality and
problems. 

-works: Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth
4. Vi n c e n t Va n G o g h - D u t c h p o s t -
impressionist painter

-his works had a far-reaching influence on
the 20th century art for their vivid colors
and emotional impact
5. Pablo Picasso- known for cubist
paintings with hidden objects and images
6. Guillermo Tolentino- a famous sculptor,
musician, teacher and a close friend of
Fernando Amorsolo.

Caloocan and UP Obaltion
painter of rural landscapes. Best known
for his mastery in the use of light in his
masterpieces. 

-‘Father of Filipino Painters’
8. Mauro ‘Malang’ Santos- known for his
colorful genre paintings that featured
simplified forms. His art has become
more abstract in form and style.
9. Liza Macuja Elizalde- the most famous geometrical shapes

prima ballerina in the Philippines and e. Abstract Expressionism- uses large
presently the directress of Ballet Manila, a canvasses, and a deliberate lack of
classical ballet school and dance refinement in the application of paint.
company Strong color, uneven rush strokes, and
rough textures are its manifestations. In
• Fine and Applied Arts
 other words, it departs completely from

 subject matter, from studied precision,
Fine Arts- works to be seen and and from any kind of preconceived design
experiences on an abstract rather than 3. Symbolism- visible sign of something
practical level
 invisible such as an idea or quality. It can

 be simply an emblem or sign like a lion t
Applied Arts- to serve some useful represent courage, Jesus Christ to
function
 represent holiness
4. Futurism- glorifies the mechanical
energy of the modern life. Subjects
Fine Arts Applied Arts
include automobiles, motorcycles,
Drawing Crafts railroad trains that express the explosive
vitality of a modern city
Painting Graphic designers 5. Surrealism- uses a weapon against the
evils and restrictions that surrealists see
Printmaking Industrial designers
in a society. Tries to reveal a new and
Sculpture Clothing higher reality than that of a daily life. It is
an invented word meaning “super
Interior Design realism,” which emphasizes the activities
of the subconscious state of mind. It
Environmental design
attempts to show what is inside a
person’s mind as well as the appearance
• Direct Ways of Presenting an Arts of his/her outside world
Subject 6. Fauvism- this is where artists tried to
paint pictures of comfort, joy and
1. Realism- to present the subject just as it pleasure. They used extremely bright
is. 
 colors. 

-artists of this art tries to be objective as -eg: tree trunk need not to be brown, it
possible; hence, they describe their could be bright red, purple or yellow
subject accurately and honestly 7. Dadaism- protest movement in the arts in
2. Abstraction- does not show the subject 1916

at all as an objective reality, but only his -Dadaists reacted to what they believed
idea, or his feeling about it. It moves were outworn traditions in art, and the
away from showing things as they really evils they saw in the society. They tried to
are
 provoke and shock the public with their

 outrageous pieces of art exhibitions
a. Distortion- twisted shape or 8. Expressionism- believes in the necessity
misshapen condition
 of a spiritual rebirth for the human being
b. Elongation- something is lengthened/ in an age that was fast becoming
extended
 influenced by materialism. It depicts the
c. Mangling- something is cut, lacerated, idea of rebirth of an individual as possible
mutilated, or hacked with repeated blows
 only within the context of the
d. Cubism- something is presented in transformation of the entire society

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9. Naturalism color

10. Impressionism Color Interpretation

11. Realism a. Red- passion, love, energy, war,
courage, strength, blood, festivity, braver,
• Mediums of the Visual Arts danger

b. Orange- sweetness, delight,
1. Painting- the art of creating meaningful happiness

effects on a flat surface by the use of c. Yellow- sunshine, warmth, light

pigments
 d. Green- freshness, hope, growth,

 still water, vegetation

a. Oil- the pigments are mixed in oil
 e. Blue- coolness, sky, water, peace

b. Tempera- this is the mixture of ground f. Violet- royalty, shadows,
pigments and either egg yolk, gum or penance, power, mourning grace

glue. It is usually done on a wooden f. Black- grief, death, loneliness, life-
panel that has been made smooth
 giving earth

c. Watercolor- the pigments are mixed g. Pink- natural love

with water and applied to fine white paper
 h. Yellow Green- jealousy

d. Pastel- it resembles dry pigments
 

e. Fresco- the colors are mixed with c. Style and Texture- techniques and
water and applied to plaster, which surface angles

absorbs the color. It lasts unless the wall d. Media- different types of methods and
is destroyed
 materials used in painting

f. Acrylic- these are synthetic paints e. Line- the simplest and most universal
using acrylic emulsion as binder. They means for creating a visual art. It is a
combine the transparency and quick- prolongation of a point. it can be straight.
drying qualities of watercolor and are as curved, broad, thin, horizontal, vertical, or
flexible as oil. They are completely diagonal

insoluble when dry and can be used f. Form- the external appearance of a
almost in any surface. They do not also clearly defined area

tend to crack, and turn yellow with age
 g. Light and Shadow- the means if
e. Mosaic
 modeling a figure in depth, or articulating
f. Ink
 a form

g. Crayons
 h. Value- the relative degree of lightness
h. Charcoal
 and darkness in a graphic work of art or

 painting. It indicates the degree of
Basic Elements
 luminosity, that is, the presence of
a. Intensity- the perception and absence of light

representation of impact in painting
 

b. Color and Tone- the qualities of Functions

objects or substances with respect to the a. Personal expression of the artist

light reflected on them. These elements b. An objective observation

are highly subjective but have observable c. A social or political commentary

and psychological effects
 d . R e c o r d i n g o f a s c i e n t i fi c a n d

 technological advancement

Properties of Color

a. Hue- the particular identity of a color
 2. Sculpture- the art or practice of shaping
b. Value- darkness and lightness of a figures or designs in the round or in relief,
color
 as by chiseling marble, modeling clay, or
c. Intensity- brightness or dullness of a casting in metal


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 -symmetry ruled the ancient Greek and
2 Major Sculpture Processes:
 Roman buildings

a. Subtractive- a process in which an -Marcus Vitruvius, a Roman architect,
unwanted material is cut away. Example believed that builders should use
is the curving of stone and wood
 mathematical principles for construction of
b. Additive- the construction of figure by temples

putting together bits of clay, or by welding -Classical buildings: supported by sets of
together parts of metal
 columns with decorative bands above,

 called friezes (vlysy)

2 Types:
 -Greeks differentiated 3 types of columns: 

a. Relief- attached to a surface
 Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian

b. Free-Standing- 
 -Early Greek Classical Architecture eg:

 Parthenon in Athens

4 basic ways sculpture is created:
 

a. Carving- subtractive process: material c. Romanesque Architecture (11-13th
is removed
 Century)

-mainly wood and stone (marble)
 -tradition of rounded arches and columns;
b. Modeling- additive process: material is monumental and is supported by massive
added 
 walls and had very small windows

-clay, wax, plaster, paper-mache
 -wooden roofs were replaced by ceilings
c. Casting- a mold is used to form molten which were constructed with barrel and
bronze (or other material) into a desired cross vaulting

shape
 -Most representative buildings: rotunda and
-“lost wax” method or cire-perdue, often basilica

used for jewelry or small sculptures
 -Eg: French Monastery in Cluny
d. Construction- welding, gluing, nailing
materials together
 c. Gothic Architecture (12-15th Century)

e. Assemblage- assembling objects in -originally known as ‘French Style’

unique ways
 -During the Renaissance period, it fell out of
f. Kinetic Sculpture- movable parts fashion and it was not respected by many
(wind) artists. They marked it as ‘Gothic’ to suggest
it was the crude work of German Barbarians
• History of Architecture
 (Goths)


 -began in France where architects were
a. Ancient Egyptian Architecture (3000 inspired by Romanesque architecture and the
BC-700 BC)
 pointed arches of Spanish Moorish
-easily recognizable because of its famous architecture

buildings- pyramids
 -easily recognizable because of arches,
-construction materials: limestone and sun- ribbed vaulting, flying buttresses, elaborate
baked bricks
 sculptures and stained glass windows

-transportation of materials: by sled and -Eg: Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris and St.
than they had to lift the blocks using the Patrick’s Cathedral in Dublin

system of ramps and pulleys
 

-other Egyptian structures: temples and d. Renaissance Architecture (15th-17th
tombs which were often decorated with Century)

hieroglyphics and carvings
 -‘Age of Awakening’

 -inspired by symmetrical and well-balanced
b. Classical Architecture (600 BC-500 buildings of Greece and Rome

AD)
 -Buildings lost Gothic vertical dimension but

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gained range

-Other typical features: columns, arches and
domes
-Characteristic building: palace

-Eg: St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican and the
Louvre in Paris



e. Baroque Architecture (17th-19th
Century)

-elements: complicated decorations,
paintings and contrasts between light and
shadow

-final effect: tension and humility
-looks of this style varies in different countries

-Eg: Trevi Fountain in Rome, Palace of
Varsailles in Paris and St. Paul’s Cathedral in
London

• Popular Arts
-aka ‘Pop Art’ or ‘Pop Culture’ is an art movement
in which an artists uses mass-produced visuals
-presents ideas, perspectives, attitudes, media
and information technology-based images and
other phenomena that are considered trendy


• Concepts of Interior Design

a. Scale- a measure of size and distance


b. Proportion- refers to the relationship of
parts or components of, say, a landscape or
building

c. Balance- often referred to as symmetry,
similar to a mirror image. It may also be
achieved asymmetrically as long as it creates
rhythm and harmony
d. Contrast- breaks the monotony and
emphasizes certain features that can
otherwise be missed out. It also provides a
change in trend and expectation

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