Precipitating Factor

Predisposing Factor
ENVIRONMENT
AGE (6months old)
LIFESTYLE

Passes to the pharynx, larynx & trachea

Microorganisms enters the affects both the lung parenchyma

Infection lodges and stimulates in the Lung invasion

parenchyma

Lung Invasionincreased
Leukocytes

Narrowing of air passage

Mucus and
phlegm

DIFFICULTY BREATHING
COUGHING

INEFFECTIVELY
 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PEDIATRIC COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

NON MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS: MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS:

- Age -Environment (Having Relatives
- Weather with cough and colds)

Aspiration of Secretions Containing Microbes

Failure of Defense Mechanisms

Invasion of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Activation of B Cells

Release of Antibodies

Antigen-Antibody Reaction

Antigen Antibody Complexes Adhere Initiation of Complement System

to the Mucosal Lining of the Lower (Non-Specific and Specific Immune
Respiratory Tract System)

Mucosal Irritation Vasodilation

Increased Mucus Production Increased Blood Flow

Accumulation of Mucus Vasocongestion

Increased Plasma Hydrostatic Pressure

Increased Capillary Permeability

Productive
Cough
Escape of Plasma Escape of RBC, Transportation of
Proteins Serum and Fibrin Phagocyting Cells
 Edema Exudate Formation Engulfing of the
Antigen
Narrowing of Filling of the
Airway Bronchi,
Replication of
Bronchioles, and
the Antigen
Alveoli
within the Cells

Consolidation
Cells become
of Lung
Infected

Inspiratory Increased Asymmetrical Use of Decreased

rales Respiration Chest Accessory Lung Inflation Detection of the
Expansion Muscles Infected Cells by
the T Cells

Effector T Cells
Destroy the
Antigen

Regulator T Cells
Strengthen the
Activity of thje
Effector Cells

Effector and
Regulator Cells
Synthesize and
Release Cytokines

Release of
Pyrogens
Altered Temperature
Regulating
Mechanism in the
Hypothalamus

Effective Breathing
Fever
Pattern
Ineffective Airway
Clearance