Research Design

This study applies Action Research. Action research entails involvement in a

transformative process which is a task in organization. The transformative process is held

simultaneously with research. Action research may also be conducted by large organizations or

institutions. They may engage the services of professional researchers in order to arrive at better

strategies, practices, and wider knowledge of their industry or business circle. Researchers, acting

as designers and stakeholders for their community, recommend changes in the work practices.

Depending upon the respondents and organizers, action research is described in different ways

(Rowell, Polush, Riel, and Bruewer, 2015).

Under action research, the investigator needs to be at the center of the problem and not on

the outside as an observer or experimenter. Action researchers do not assert lack of partiality but

justify their stand in the study. They get the consensus of participants and stakeholders in the

collected data and recommended solutions. That is why, the results are called co-created

knowledge. The result is useful because it improves processes and contributes to raising the quality

of life in communities and companies (Rowell, Polush, Riel, and Bruewer, 2015).

The key steps in comprising the action research cycle are planning, implementing the plan,

gathering and analysing data, and studying the merits of the results. Data collection and analysis

and methods are chosen based on the researchers’ personal and professional beliefs, opinions, and

knowledge of concepts and categories in the subject area. In addition, the arguments of the

pertinent organization and society in general, regarding the problem and its solution, are

incorporated in the action research. The methods to beused in action research are selected based
on the question, problem, dilemma or conflict be investigated and the status of the situation (

Rowell, Polush, Riel, and Bruewer, 2015).

Carr (2006), action research a field needs to foster ‘dialogical communications in which

open conversation can be protected from the domination of a research methodology.

Kompradis’ (2005), those who still the strength to work for a better world have

responsibility to define the epistemological and moral foundations upon which we seek to build

this world.