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LUMPY STATISTIC
and
OTHER WEIRD STUFF.
By Søren Østerskov Nielsen.
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Version : 1
Contact : srentospace@hotmail.com
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ISBN 978-87-992683-5-1
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Math
Physics
Climate
New-age
1
2
Content:
The Goldbach conjecture page 3
Spectrophotometer page 10
Voltmeter page 11
Tigers page 13
Energy page 14
Astrology page 16
Biorhythm page 17
Clairvoyance page 18
2
3
The conjecture is very simple, it says (in the most common formulation)
that all even numbers bigger than 4 is a sum of at least one pair of odd primes.
Many have tried to prove it without success, and it is still an open
conjecture. I have no intention to prove it, it is a problem far beyond my brain, but I
will demonstrate an understanding that hopefully can convince the reader that the
conjecture is true.
Most of the material in this article has earlier been presented in the book
“The prime spiral, Goldbach & Eratosthenes”, but I had to realize, that it was
presented to muddy, so this is a shorter and sharper version.
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2=1+1
3=1+2
4=1+3=2+2
5=1+4=2+3
6=1+5=2+4=3+3
7=1+6=2+5=3+4
8=1+7=2+6=3+5=4+4
9=1+8=2+7=3+6=4+5
And so on. Notice the jump in number of pairs. This means in Goldbach
relation (1 and 2 and multiples of 2 are removed):
6 = 3+3
8 = 3+5
10 = 3+7 = 5+5
12 = 3+9 = 5+7
14 = 3+11 = 5+9 = 7+7
3
4
2. Eratosthenes sieve.
It means, that we out from the first four primes can tell what happens for about 74 %
of all numbers – not bad.
This I conclude, that FACT 1 versus FACT 2 means that in general there will be
more and more prime pairs, the higher the even number gets, also known as the
Goldbach comet.
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I then go on with first the steady rise of numbers of prime pairs or, as they also are
called, Goldbach partitions.
Second I show this rise is of logarithmic nature, and third that there are specific lines
in number of prime pairs.
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4
5
90
80
70
60
prime pairs
50 minimum
40 maximum
30
20
10
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17
groups of even numbers
5
6
There is a well known article of Jörg Richstein, where he shows two graphs, where
the one look like the increase in prime pairs cease at a certain point.
This is a misunderstanding, because the nature of the Goldbach comet is logarithmic.
I calculated number of prime pairs for some lines of numbers:
1 3 6 9
2 21 32 48
3 104 178 242
4 602 1084 1471
5 3915 6993 9853
6 27502 49783 70619
7 202166 371226 531538
After my opinion this line goes on for ever, but I have not been able to calculate
further, because the last calculation took 456 hours, and the next will take 2 months.
Double logaritmic
7
6
5
Prime pairs
4
Serie1
3
2
1
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Even numbers
6
7
After sieving 2 and 3, the general formula for primes >3 is 6n+/-1.
This give following combination (2*2): 2 parts 6n
1 part 6n-2
1 part 6n+2
It means that in general even numbers dividable by 6 have more prime pairs.
7
8
Lumpy statistic.
First an imagined story: “The Hansen family wake up Monday morning to a cold
house, the heater has gone broken. Next day the car breaks down, and the family
thinks that no more can happen. But Wednesday the dog die, and the next day the
oldest kid break a leg. Well, a very bad week for the Hansen family.”
That is what I will call “lumpy statistic”. Maybe it is bad karma, a judge from God or
maybe a spell, but how to decide that? I have the idea, that there is a difference
between statistic in theoretical and in praxis, because in praxis thing don’t happen
alone, they are always connected with other things/movements/events.
I tried to make an analyze with throwing of a coin (giving a fifty/fifty result), and
from simulations on a computer I saw, that I needed 1000 ten-times-throws to get
uniformity for a bell curve. It means 10.000 single throws and it took about a month.
5-4-6-2-6-4-7-6-5-4-4-4-5-3-5-6-6-5-4-5-3-6-6-3-5-4-4-4-4-4-4-6-4-6-6-6-4-7-5-4-6-
6-5-5-5-1-6-6-5-6-5-7-7-7-5-4-6-4-5-8-7-8-3-7-7-5-5-5-4-2-4-3-6-4-1-4-5-5-5-7-8-7-
6-5-6-5-6-7-1-5-4-7-7-5-3-7-6-8-4-4-6-6-6-7-5-6-7-5-3-7-6-6-5-4-5-7-5-5-3-3-5-9-4-
5-3-5-5-4-8-7-6-7-5-6-5-5-5-6-7-6-5-6-5-4-5-4-2-4-4-5-7-4-6-6-4-3-7-4-10-6-3-6-9-
5-4-2-9-5-5-6-3-3-4-6-7-4-6-6-3-4-4-3-2-5-3-7-6-7-6-6-7-4-7-5-6-5-5-6-6-5-4-9-4-5-
8-7-6-2-6-2-5-4-7-3-8-5-4-6-6-4-6-4-6-4-6-5-4-5-4-6-4-6-8-6-6-4-6-3-5-9-6-6-2-2-5-
4-7-4-8-5-6-4-7-2-5-6-6-3-2-3-7-5-5-6-6-2-7-8-7-3-7-7-6-3-6-4-2-6-7-5-2-4-4-4-4-4-
7-4-4-4-8-8-5-4-7-2-7-7-4-7-6-5-4-5-7-5-6-7-4-6-7-8-3-6-6-3-5-6-7-5-4-9-1-7-4-6-7-
6-2-7-6-4-6-5-6-4-5-4-7-6-8-3-2-6-4-7-6-6-2-4-4-6-7-4-6-7-6-8-4-6-1-6-4-5-5-3-6-5-
6-6-3-5-5-7-6-5-5-7-4-3-9-5-4-4-6-5-4-7-7-2-4-5-4-1-4-7-3-5-8-8-3-7-7-4-2-7-4-7-7-
6-5-4-5-6-7-6-4-5-9-6-7-4-5-4-2-8-5-5-6-6-6-6-5-5-6-4-3-5-7-5-6-5-4-3-6-4-6-5-6-4-
5-4-3-4-4-3-6-4-3-4-8-5-7-4-4-5-6-5-6-5-8-3-5-2-6-4-4-4-5-1-3-5-5-5-5-3-5-7-3-6-4-
8-2-5-2-7-5-5-5-2-6-5-8-5-5-4-6-6-5-4-7-7-6-6-7-6-6-3-7-5-6-5-5-7-5-6-4-4-7-6-5-5-
3-7-4-4-4-7-5-6-4-3-3-3-4-2-3-6-5-7-6-2-4-4-5-6-5-5-3-3-5-6-7-7-6-7-3-7-7-6-9-7-3-
4-5-3-2-3-5-9-5-8-5-6-6-6-4-6-7-5-5-5-7-3-4-5-6-6-5-3-4-5-3-5-6-3-4-2-9-4-4-6-4-6-
3-6-6-5-6-5-5-3-3-7-2-6-6-7-5-7-2-6-5-5-2-7-6-1-5-5-3-3-1-3-7-6-5-2-5-6-5-2-7-4-7-
6-7-4-5-2-7-2-7-7-4-5-5-8-5-6-3-7-7-2-3-7-4-5-5-5-3-6-5-6-7-5-6-5-5-4-4-3-4-3-8-4-
7-4-6-2-8-3-5-4-4-5-5-7-3-5-4-9-3-7-5-7-5-5-7-6-4-5-5-4-5-4-3-4-4-5-4-6-7-9-7-6-4-
3-5-2-3-6-6-6-4-4-4-8-8-3-3-7-1-4-6-3-3-6-0-5-5-5-7-6-4-4-5-6-5-6-4-3-1-2-4-7-5-5-
5-6-4-4-4-4-6-6-5-6-5-5-7-5-5-6-6-7-8-7-4-2-5-4-7-1-4-6-5-4-7-6-4-4-6-5-5-7-7-5-6-
6-5-4-4-5-5-6-5-6-6-6-8-9-7-5-6-3-6-3-4-3-6-2-6-4-9-7-7-5-4-7-4-6-4-5-5-4-6-6-6-7-
5-5-7-5-5-4-5-4-5-9-4-6-3-6-2-4-5-6-3-5-4-7-5-8-3-4-7-6-5-5-2-4-5-5-6-5-3-2-7-6-3-
6-6-5-5-4-5-5-5-8-7-3-6-4-6-5-2-6-4-4-7-5-2-4-4-6-4-5-1-3-5-3-5-3-6-6-3-5-5-5-5-2-
8
9
3-5-7-4-5-6-2-5-6-4-7-4-5-1-6-6-7-5-2-7-5-6-7-6-4-8-2-4-6-7-5-5-7-6-5-6-5-8-2-2-4-
5-6-1-6-4-8-5-3-8-6-3-4-5-6-6-7-3,
250
200
150
Serie1
100
50
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
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9
10
Spectrophotometer.
A spectrophotometer is a simple device in the chemical lab, and is used many places.
It works in that way, that light at a specific wavelength go through the sample (a
sample often diluted in water or another solvent in a little glass container) and the
light, which go through, get measured.
Under a test, the wavelength change through the whole spectrum (often the visible
light, but also infrared and UV can be possible), and % of the light get measured and
make a graph.
This graph with its peaks and valleys give possibility for both qualitative and
quantitative measurements, nothing strange in that.
This method should work, because some of the light of a specific wavelength get
absorbed by the test sample, example acetone will give another figure than glucose,
and iron chloride will give another figure than cupper sulphate and so on, of cause
depending of how much material there are in the sample.
I have learned, that the chemical composition of the sample decides what
wavelengths get absorbed how much.
The problem starts because I once saw, that a specific chemical, about it was acetone
or something else, I can’t remember, gave the same graph both when it was measured
diluted in water, and when it was measured as vapours alone, and the same place too.
The problem is, that the speed of light is more slowly in water than through air, it
should mean, that because the frequency is the same, then the wavelength should be
changed, and that the whole graph should be pushed to the one side.
I heard that it should be the speed of light through the molecule, that should make the
whole thing, but I don’t know.
10
11
Voltmeter.
Solution A B
10 % NaCl 34 mV -7.5 mV
172 kohm 32 kohm
1 % NaCl 18 mV 12 mV
320 kohm 440 kohm
0.1 % NaCl 6.1 mV -4.6 mV
There are no really change in voltage, more fluctuating, but the resistance looks to
have some logic, here a graph.
Resistance
600
500
400
kohm
A
300
B
200
100
0
1 2 3
samples
11
12
By holding the electrodes in a pot with 0.1 % NaCl I made these measurements.
1/3-2009 time A mV B mV
120
100
80
A
mV
60
B
40
20
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
measurements
As seen, each instrument with each set of electrodes live there own life. I have made
other series of measurements, where it also go from + mV to – mV and back again.
A funny thing is that lighting the electrodes with a flash can give a change from 0.1
to 0.4 mV, maybe something photo chemically acting.
12
13
Tigers.
In the beginning of the 20. Century there was something like 100.000
tigers in the world. Now a day there is something like 3000 in the wild and more in
captivity. Here in 2010 there are survived 6 subspecies:
It is seen, that special the South China tiger with no one in the wild and
something like 60 tigers in captivity (coming from only 6 animals) have no real
change to survive as a specific subspecies because of missing genetic diversity.
I know there is a trial to make a few wild (in South Africa) and reset them
to Chinese nature later, but I don’t give that a very big change. My solution would be
to mix them with another subspecies, example the Malayan tiger, which also is one of
the small tigers.
Well, somebody has told me, that mixing of tigers is going on randomly
with tigers in captivity, but I would have preferred a more planned action.
The reason, why I write about this is, that with a growing population
of humans, maybe climatic changes, and what else problems we have
in the future, we have to face a lot of challenges, and we NEED to be
CREATIVE!!!
13
14
Energy.
14
15
Carbon dioxide.
In the last 200 years the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has
gone from about 278 ppm to about 381 ppm, and it will rise further in the future.
Maybe – maybe not – we have to take that carbon dioxide out of the
atmosphere again, and I have at “National Geographic” seen some fancy proposals
how to do that. I prefer the old fashioned way – wood!
It function in that way, that when a tree has grown up, we take it down
and hide the tree, it can be in houses or furniture, it can be partly burned and used for
black soil, we can dig wood down, where it is thousands of years to decompose, and
when we in that way have stored the tree, we can plant a new tree, which then will
use carbon dioxide to its growth.
I was a little worried about the sodium chloride would be washed out in
tap water, but over a month in tap water is was between a density 1.34 to 1.36, so
clearly something in the idea can be used..
But, as we have nearly unlimited place to store wood, so of cause can we remove
excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere!
15
16
Astrology.
Astrology
450
400
350
300
numbers
250
Serie1
200
150
100
50
0
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34
16
17
Biorhythm.
700
600
500
numbers
400
Serie1
300
200
100
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
days
The little one at day 24 is just a trick to make the computer do what I want it to do.
17
18
Clairvoyance.
In the tests, I have done with me self; I have used a computer to make
some choices. It goes on this way.
I made a Ubasic program (it could also be done with Qbasic) to make
either a zero or a one, and this I then guess. If I guess right, the computer make a
sound, so I get an immediately response at my guess. This I do 100 times, where then
the expected result shall be 50 hits.
10 cls: h=0
20 input “Date”; a
30 input “Month”; b
40 input “Year”; c
50 d= c + 5*b + 10*a
60 Randomize (d)
70 for i=1 to 100
80 e=rnd
90 input “ 1/0 “; f
100 if e<0.5 then g=0 else g=1
110 if f=g then h=h+1
115 if f=g then beep
120 next i
130 print: print h
140 end
45/56/48/52/45/51/40/52/54/48/55/47/60/57/52/51/48/45/50/47/44/49/53/54/46/53/
39/42/48/50.
18
19
Coincidence
70
60
50
40
Serie1
30
20
10
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
In January and February 2008 I made my first research. I made 42 test, one each day
over those two months. I was originally looking for a correlation with biorhythms,
but I got another result. The test results are :
57/55/56/49/52/55/44/54/52/36/50/47/51/47/50/47/50/58/47/55/49/49/43/51/53/54/41
/58/48/48/47/47/47/41/51/54/44/41/42/45/43/44.
Average of groups at 5: 53.8/48.2/49.0/51.4/49.0/49.8/46.6/44.7.
Total average : 48.9
This result is after my opinion starting over average and ending under average.
My explanation is, that between “my computer” and “my ability to guess” is my
mind, and my mind can be difficult to operate with.
I start optimistic and get results over average, but I felt uncomfortable by doing this,
and I got more and more tired of it, so I start to make “negative clairvoyance”.
This I call not a proof, but an indication about clairvoyance, you allowed to have
another opinion.
19
20
Clairvoyance
70
60
50
40
hits
Serie1
30
20
10
0
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41
Clairvoyance, compressed
60
50
40
hits average
30 Serie1
20
10
0
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37
20
21
In 2010 I made my second research, where I did the same again over 30
days (fixed number of tests). I hoped to see something different in the end of the test,
but it looks exactly like coincidence. Here are the results :
46/44/52/46/48/52/51/55/40/50/55/48/51/49/51/53/40/58/48/51/50/57/43/54/45/50/56
/50/43/50. Total average 49.5. So it looks much like coincidence.
Clairvoyance - part 2.
70
60
50
40
Hits
Serie1
30
20
10
0
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28
Days
But there happened something strange, and it took some time before I
noticed it. In the first four guesses of each test, there was a funny silence; there were
very few beeps from the computer. When I noticed it first, I just thought it was
something in the program, but after some tests I realized that I simply only had very
few hits in the first four guesses. After I finished the research (all 30 tests) I think I
had 5 or less hits out of 30 on the first four guesses, and that’s only 1/3 of what I
should have.
21
22
Last words:
All in this book is rather simple, also the first parts with math. I have tried
to show, that we can deal with the world (maybe expect clairvoyance) and that I don’t
accept any doomsday prophesies, but we have a problem.
22