All living things make large molecules, called macromolecules, from smaller molecules.

Macromolecules can be
made from a few repeating units, or can be composed of hundreds or thousands of smaller molecules. Each
macromolecule has properties quite different from the units of which it is composed. Study the diagrams below, which
show carbohydrate molecules. Beside each molecule, write whether it is a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, or a
polysaccharide. (10 points)

4. What is the function of #1 in our bodies?

5. What is the function of #3 in our bodies?

I. Directions: Read each question carefully, and then write the letter on the LEFT
SIDE of the statement that best fits the question. If you have questions, raise your
hand and ask your teacher.

1. The smallest particle of matter that can retain the chemical properties of carbon is
a. carbon molecule c. carbon molecule
b. carbon atom d. an element
2. The bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons is called a
a. hydrogen bond c. nonpolar bond
b. covalent bond d. water
3. Sharing of electrons in the outer energy levels of two atoms
a. results in ion formation
b. occurs in covalent bonds
c. only destroyed c. transferred
a. split d. shared
4. What kind of bonding occurs in the water molecule?
a. ionic bond c. nonpolar covalent bond
b. polar covalent bond d. covalent bond
5. Which of the following is not a macromolecule?
a. Protein
c.
Nucleotide
b. Starch
d. lipid
6. A ____________ is a basic unit of a carbohydrate.
a. Monosaccharide
c. nucleotides
b. Starch
d.
amino acids
7. Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?
 a. Glucose
c. galactose
b. Fructose
d. starch
c. d. Quaternary
8. Nucleotides contain ___________ sugars.
a. three-carbon
c. five-
carbon
b. four-carbon
d. six-
carbon
9. DNA and RNA are examples of which FAMILY of BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES?
a. proteins
c. lipids
b. carbohydrates
d.
Nucleic acids
10. Lipids
a. serve as food reserves in many
organisms
b. include cartilage and chitin
c. include fats that are broken down
into one fatty acid molecule and
three glycerol molecules
d. are composed of
monosaccharides
11. The organelle responsible for storing water in the plant cell is the____.
a. golgi body
c.
vacuole
b. endoplasmic reticulum
d.
ribosome
12. This organelle stores the DNA in the cell.
a. Nucleus
c. vacuole
b. Golgi body
d.
endoplasmic reticulum
13. Which of the following is not a lipid?
a. Chitin c. cholesterol
b. Steroids d. unsaturated fat
14. Glucose is a
a. protein c. nucleic acid
b. disaccharide d. monosaccharide
15. Double helix describes the structure of a molecule of
a. protein c. DNA
b. disaccharide d. starch
16. Animals store glucose in the form of
a. amylose c. glycerol
b. glycogen d. chitin
17. In a DNA molecule, what holds together nitrogenous bases from the two polymer chains?
a. ionic bonds c. peptide bond
b. covalent bonds d. hydrogen bond
18. What happens during a hydrolysis reaction?
a. the bond between two subunits of a macromolecule is broken
b. saturated fats become unsaturated
c. a bond is formed between two subunits of a macromolecule
d. water breaks ionic bonds
19. Which of the following is NOT a disaccharide?
a. Sucrose c. lactose
b. Maltose d. glucose
20. The general term for a large molecule made up of many similar subunits is
 a. polymer c. peptide
b. functional group d. helix
21. The two strands of a DNA double helix are held together by:
a. ionic bonds c. non polar covalent bonds
b. hydrogen bonds d. polar covalent bonds
22. Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are all polymers of glucose.
a. True
b. False
23. DNA and RNA are examples of which FAMILY of BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES?
a. proteins;
c. lipids
b. carbohydrates
d. nucleic acids
24. Lipids
a. serve as food reserves in many
organisms
b. include cartilage and chitin
c. include fats that are broken down
into one fatty acid molecule and
three glycerol molecules
d. are composed of
monosaccharides

II. Answer the following questions

Carbohydrates (30 Points)

1. What are the four biological molecules and its organic compounds? (8 points)

Biological Molecules Organic Compounds

2. What atoms make up carbohydrates? (3 points)

3. What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms present in all carbohydrates? (3 points)

4. What are the three types of carbohydrates? (3 points)

a. ____________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________
5. What is the difference between monosaccharides and disaccharides? (3 points)

6. What are the three examples of monosaccharides? (3 points)

a. ________________________________________
b. ________________________________________
c. ________________________________________

7. Give at least two examples of polysaccharides? (2 points)

a. ________________________________________
b. ________________________________________

8. Monosaccharides all have the same formula: C6H12O6. How can you write this formula in the simplest form that
illustrates the proportion of elements in monosaccharides? (5 points)

Protein Definition: (PRO-teen) A molecule made up of amino acids that are needed for the body to function
properly. (2 points each)

9. Proteins contain a very important element that we cannot breathe in, what is it?
 10. If we can’t breathe in the answer from the above question, how do we get it?

11. Amino acid is to protein as ___________________ is to DNA.

12. How many different types of nucleic acids can be found in the human body?

13. What part an amino acid’s chemistry determines the function of a protein?

14. How many different amino acids are there?

15. What type of catalyst is made of proteins?

16. ______________ are made of proteins and help fight disease.

17. _______________ are made of proteins and help you feel emotions.

18. Circle which picture below represents a protein:

DNA – The Double Helix (1 point each)

19. Write out the full name for DNA.

20. Write out the full name of RNA?

21. Where in the cell are chromosomes located?

22. DNA can be found in what organelles in the cell?

23. Who are the two scientists established the structure of DNA?