The Impact of Depression to the Students 1

The Impact of Depression to the Students

Sunny June A. Beloro

BAIS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

S.Y. 2019 - 2020

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Chapter 1

The Problem and it’s Setting

Introduction

Depression is the common cold of mental disorders most people will be affected

by depression in their lives either directly or indirectly , through a friend or family

member. Confusion about depression is commonplace , e.g., with regard to what

depression exactly is and what makes it different from just feeling down. There is

also confusion surrounding. The many types of depression the people experience

– unipolar depression , biological depression , manic depression seasonal affective

disorder , dysthymia , etc. There have been so many terms used to describe this

set of feelings we’ve all felt at time or another in our lives , it may be difficult to

understand the difference between just being blue and having clinical depression.

Depression is characterized by a number of common symptoms. These

include a persistent sad , anxious , or “ empty “ mood , and feelings of

hopelessness or pessimism that lasts nearly every day , for weeks on end. A

person who is depressed also often has feelings of guilt , worthlessness and

helplessness. They no longer take interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities

that were enjoyed , this may include things like going out with friends or even

sex. Insomnia early morning awakening , and oversleeping are all uncommon.

Appetite and/or weight loss or overeating and weight gain may be symptoms of
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depression in some people. Many others experience decreased energy , fatigue ,

and a constant feelings of being “ slowed down “. Thoughts of deaths or suicide

are not common in those suffering from severe depression. Restlessness and

irritability among those who have depression is common. A person who is

depressed also has difficulty concentrating , remembering , and troule making

decisions. And sometimes , persistent physical symptoms that do not respond to

traditional treatments – such as headaches , digestive disorders , and chronic pain

may be signs of a depressive illness.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to investigate the impact of depression to the students

1. What are the negative impact of depression to the students?

2. What are the possible reason of depression to the students?

3. How to prevent depression?

Research Objectives

The study aims to investigate the impact of depression to the students

1. Develop prevention plans, including health education and behavioral change strategies,

for patients with depression.

2. Identify manic and hypomanic symptoms associated with bipolar disorder in depressed
patients.
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Significance of the Study

The outcome of this study will inform us the impact of depression to the

students , and identify some reasons of depression that will work best for each

students.

This would mean a student recover with depression , which would

indicate the best way for them. This will dramatically reduce the stress , anxiety

and uncertainty of students.

Scope and Delimitation

The study will focused to depression problem affecting people of

different ages as well as different health conditions. The common conditions

considered will be that related to depression.

The primary challenge of this study is limited in data collected and recorded by

main source used which is secondary.

Definition of Terms
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Antidepressant – anything , and especially a drug , used to prevent or

treat depression.

Anxiety – a feeling of apprehension and fear characterized by

physical symptoms such as palpitations , sweating , and feelings of stress.

Bipolar Disorder – a mood disorder that characteristically involves cycles of

depression and elation or mania.

Depression – an illness that involves the body , mood , and thoughts that affects

the way a person eats and sleeps , the way one feels about oneself , and the way

one thinks about things.

Chapter 2
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Review of Related Literature

Karthikeyan and Swaminathan (1977) studied predictors of depresson

among youth. Max Hamilton Depression Rating Scale , Spielberg’s State trait Anxiety Scale and

a interview schedule were administered to ascertain the factors contributing to depression among

traits complicated the course of treatment for depression , neglecting these personality problems

would have left the client vulnerable to depressive relapse. A study reports on the efficacy of

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Adolescent Skill Training – a group indicated preventive

intervention (Young , Mufson and Davies , 2006). Adolescents in the two intervention conditions

are compared on depression symptoms. The results show that adolescents who receive Cognitive

Behavioral Therapy and Adolescents Skill Training have significantly fewer depression

symptoms and better overall functioning at post – intervention and at follow-up. A study by

Bolton and Bass (2007) investigated the objective of assessing the effect of locally feasible

interventions on depression and anxiety among adolescents survivors of war and displacement in

Northern Uganda. The intervention methods are locally developed screening tools that assessed

the effectiveness of interventions in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety. A study

conducted by Brustein-Klomek (2007) examined the efficacy of interpersonal Psychotherapy for

depressed adolescents. The aim of the study was to introduce the theoretical formulation ,

practical application and efficacy of interpersonal Psychotherapy is an evidence based on

Psychotherapy for depressed adolescents in both hospital – based and community outpatient

settings. Horowitz et al. (2007) evaluated the efficacy of intervention programs for preventing

depressive symptoms in adolescents. At post intervention , students in both Cognitive Behavioral

Program and Interpersonal psychotherapy Adolescents Skill Training Program groups reported
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significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms than did those in the no intervention group. A

study was conducted by Newman and Motta (2007) to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise

on children PTSD , Depression and Anxiety. Measures include Children’s PTSD Inventory ,

Children’s Depression Inventory and the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale. This small

in study utilized a staggered baseline , pre/post repeated measures design. Ramsey and Main

(2007) utilized a quasi experimental pretest – post test design to assess the effectiveness of

counseling type , in a sample of individuals diagnosed with low self esteem high in anxiety and

depression. Alexander (1995) reviewed literature comparing relaxation and meditation

techniques. Meta-analysis shows transcendal meditation (TM) to be significantly more effective

than other forms of relaxation or meditation reducing psycho-physiological arousal , reducing

alcohol , nicotine , and illicit drug use relative to standard treatment and prevention programmes.

In a study Janowick and Hackman (1995) explored the efficacy of assertiveness training and

relaxation in promoting self-esteem and changes in depressive symptoms among adolescents. Pre

and post test measures were taken on the personal orientation inventory and behavioral

relaxation scale. Both groups showed significant increases in scores on self-esteem and

decreased scores on depression. Marcotte (1996) examined the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral

therapy on adolescent depression. Results suggest the short-term group Cognitive Behavioral

Interventions are effective with early and late adolescents. Treatment components included

relaxation , Cognitive restructuring , self-control skills , communication and problem solving

skills. No single strategy seems to be more effective than the other. Aniljose and Asha (2002)

examined the efficacy of creativity training among children at risk of depression. The results

shows that creativity training is effective for children at risk of depression and experimental

group shows more symptom reduction than control group. In the study Ellias and Bernard (2006)
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examined the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy to childhood disorders. They found

that individuals who can accept events and attributes no matter how negative , will experience

natural feelings of disappointment and frustration , but will rarely manifest clinical depression.

Larun , Nordheim , Ekeland , Hagen and Heian (2006) assessed the effects of exercise

interventions in reducing or preventing anxiety or depressionin children and young people. The

trials were combined using meta-analysis method. They conclude that there appears to be an

effect in favor of exercise in reducing depression and anxiety scores in the general population of

children and adolescents. Cropley (2005) conducted a study to investigate changes occurring in

anxiety , depression and self-esteem in secondary school children as they approached important

school examinations and to examine variations between schools of differing design and status.

Thompson (2005) explored the roles of anxiety , depression and hopelessness as meditors

between known risk factors and suicidal behaviors among potential high school dropouts.

Chapter 3
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Methodology

This chapter present a description of the research design, research

locale, sample or respondents, research instrument, data collection and analysis

procedure.

Research Design

This study involves about the impact of a depression and how it affects peers, this

study furthermore dig into the world of depressed and victim and to know “what are the

factors that affect a depression to every individual”.

Research Locale

This study is conducted at the Bais City National High School and is

located in Tavera Street, Bais City. The researchers are conducting the research in the

Basic Education Department High School only.

Sample or Respondents
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The target population in this study refers to public secondary school

students which involve to depression in Bais City, generally representing the number of

depressed adolescent students of the school. To be eligible for participation in the study,

students had to be identified with symptoms of depression. Students were excluded if

they reported a history of attempted suicide or self-injury or were currently abusing

alcohol or drugs, receiving treatment for a mood disorder, receiving cognitive treatment

for any condition, or enrolled in a behavior modification program.

Research Instrument

A questionnaire was used in gathering data. The questionnaire has

three parts. The questionnaire consists of items that determined the impact of depression

to the students.

Data Collection Procedure

The researchers personally administered the research instruments to

the respondents. They conferred and discussed the significance of the study and

accomplished the distribution of the instruments properly.

The respondents were given a time to accomplish the forms from

giving their responses. The researchers went from one section to another on collecting the

accomplished questionnaires.

After the questionnaires have been accomplished, the results were

tallied and tabulated. These data become the bases of analysis and interpretation.
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Data Analysis Procedure

Data from this study were predominantly categorized in nature

and summary statistics used were frequencies, cross tabulations and percentages, while

group comparisons mainly relied on Pearson’s correlations or the chi-square test.