CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This part of the research presents the related works of literature, particularly the reviews

and investigations the researchers conducted in which the present proposed study is related and

has some manner of relationship. This chapter also includes the synthesis of the research topic

that certainly discusses the effects of Mahogany fruit shells on the tensile strength,

2.1 Mahogany Fruit Shells on the Tensile Strength of the Cement Mix

Concerning compressive quality, supplanting fine total with slag by up to half

accomplished roughly the equivalent or considerably higher estimations of compressive quality

than the reference concrete, while cement made of just slag totals had less compressive quality.

The beneficial outcome of slag on cement's compressive quality was progressively articulated at

the lower solid quality class. The impact of slag on the elasticity was more articulated than its

impact on compressive quality. To be specific, expanded slag content in the absolute total mass

expanded the elasticity of cement.

Incorporation of the excelsior or wood within the clay brick doesn't improve the

compressive strength. However, we tend to but note that the compressive strength slightly varies

with the content of mahogany chips once the clay brick is stabilised at V-E Day with cement;

(Ganga, G., Nsongo, T., Elenga, H., Mabiala, B., Tatsiete, T.T. and Nzonzolo, 2014). The wood

ash has the potential ability to replace the cement partially in cement block manufacturing
industry in terms of the cement’s tensile strength (Prabagar, Subramaniam & Subasinghe, Kalya

& Fonseka, W., 2015). The strength parameters decrease slightly with increasein wood ash

content in the concrete when compared to control specimen (Chowdhury, S., Maniar A.,

Suganya, M., 2015).

The wood ash has the potential ability to replace the cement partially in cement block

manufacturing industry in terms of the cement’s tensile strength (Prabagar, Subramaniam &

Subasinghe, Kalya & Fonseka, W., 2015). Usage of wood fiery remains as a halfway substitution

for bond is one of the promising strategy to build the quality and warm protection for bond

squares. The present examination centered to utilize wood fiery debris as a halfway swap for

bond material during sand concrete square assembling. The solid blends have been blended with

10%, 15% 20% and 25% of wood slag as an incomplete supplanting for concrete with sand and

tried for compressive quality, water retention and warmth discharge. Higher compressive quality

was seen in the examples of 15% containing wood powder substitution material. Every one of

the examples other than 25% of wood cinder substitution were indicated lower water ingestion

and most noteworthy was found in 15% wood powder content. More slow warmth discharge was

seen in the examples of 15% and 20% of wood fiery remains substitution following 21 days of

relieving time. Expansion of 15% wood fiery remains for the assembling of solid squares was

created and these squares satisfy guideline limits.

Incorporation of the excelsior or wood within the clay brick doesn't improve the

compressive strength. However, we tend to but note that the compressive strength slightly varies

with the content of mahogany chips once the clay brick is stabilised at V-E Day with cement;
(Ganga, G., Nsongo, T., Elenga, H., Mabiala, B., Tatsiete, T.T. and Nzonzolo, 2014). The

experimental study were done with the use of chips and sawdust in building clay bricks in line

with the waste wood management that conserves and protects the environment and to generate

cheap and essential bricks for habitats. Within the research, the bricks made with chips and wood

dust mahogany underwent tests involving the speed for soundproofing, and its comprehensive

strength through the parallelepiped clay bricks, stabilized with different percentages of cement,

with incorporation to various percentages of sawdust or wood chips (Mahogany), using a

universal press. In measuring the speed for soundproofing, the researcher used Young’s modulus

by the ultrasonic method. The result of the study showed that high percentage of mahogany tree

chips and wood dust, compared to the comprehensive strength of 100 percent cement, bricks

incorporated with mahogany tree chips and wood dust doesn’t have much significant effect on

the compressive strength. The researchers concluded that ability of the bricks to withstand

changes in tension and compression decreases despite of the percentage of wood chips and

cement. However, the clay brick mixed with 8% of mahogany sawdust can be an acoustic

barrier.

The strength parameters decrease slightly with increase in wood ash content in the

concrete when compared to control specimen (Chowdhury, S., Maniar A., Suganya, M., 2015).

Wood Fiery remains (WA) arranged from the uncontrolled consuming of the saw residue is

evaluated for its appropriateness as incomplete bond substitution in traditional cement. The saw

residue has been obtained from a wood finishing unit. The physical, synthetic and mineralogical

characteristics of WA is introduced and investigated. The quality parameters (compressive

quality, split tensile strength and flexural quality) of cement with mixed WA concrete are
assessed and studied. Two diverse water-to-folio proportions (0.4 and 0.45) and five distinctive

substitution rates of WA (5%, 10%, 15%, 18% and 20%) including control examples for both

water-to-bond ratio is considered. Aftereffects of compressive quality, split rigidity and flexural

quality showed that the quality properties of solid blend diminished possibly with increment in

wood ash contents; however quality expanded with later age. The XRD test outcomes and

substance investigation of WA showed that it contains formless silica and therefore can be

utilized as bond supplanting material. Through the examination of results acquired in this

examination, it was inferred that WA could be blended with concrete without unfavorably

influencing the quality properties of cement. Additionally utilizing a new statistical hypothesis of

the Help Vector Machine (SVM), quality parameters were predicted by building up an

appropriate model and accordingly, the use of delicate figuring in structural engineering has been

effectively exhibited in this exploration paper.