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Introduction
K Karthikeyan
Syllabus
Unit I : Design of Beams (Working Stress Method)
Behaviour of R.C. beam in bending, concept of working stress
method - design of rectangular beam, T-beam, Ell- beam, shear
reinforcement – Crack width.
Reference Books
Varghese (2005), Advanced Reinforced Concrete Design,
Prentice-Hall of India.
Gurcharan Singh (2005), Design of R.C.C. Structures in
S.I.Units, Standard Publishers Distributors.
B.C.Punmia (2003), Design of reinforced concrete
structures, Lakshmi Publishers.
Reference Books
S Unnikrishna Pillai and Devdas Menon (2003), Reinforced
Concrete Design, Tata Mcgraw Hill Publication
Subramanian (2013) , Design of Reinforced Concrete
Structures, Oxford University Press
NPTEL, Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures, Videos
and Lectures
Code Books
IS 456: 2000 - Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of
Practice
SP 16 - Design Aids For Reinforced Concrete to IS : 456
IS 875: 1987 - Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other
than Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures
Part 1 - Dead Loads — Unit Weights of Building Materials
and Stored Materials
Part 2 – Imposed Loads
Part 3 – Wind Loads
Part 4 – Snow Loads
Part 5 – Special Loads and Combinations
Introduction
Types of Concrete
Plain Cement Concrete (PCC)
Solid mass made of cement, sand, gravel, cement and water
Durability, ease in casting, easy availability and economical
Good in compression over brick and stone masonry
Density ranges from 1200 to 2500 kg/m3
Compressive strength: 10 to 100 N/mm2
Very weak in tension, so limited use as structural material
Used in hollow/solid blocks, small pedestals, mass concrete
applications like dams, etc.
Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC)
Concrete with steel bars embedded in it
Composite material with resistance to tensile stresses
Steel bars provided are in tension zone of flexural members
Bond b/t steel & concrete ensures strain compatibility
Steel imparts ductility to the brittle concrete
Tensile stresses arise as direct tension, flexural tension, shear
force, temperature and shrinkage effects
Steel will also resist compressive stresses along with
concrete
Pre-stressed Concrete
High-strength concrete with high tensile steel wires
embedded and tensioned, prior to loading
Concrete pre-compressed to a degree that, after loading
there is no resultant tension developed in the beam
Used in bridges, tanks, railway sleepers, etc.
Walls
Bearing walls – resist gravity loads
Shear walls – resist lateral loads
Transfer Girders & Suspenders
Lateral Load Resisting Systems
Lateral Load Resisting Systems
Structural Analysis And Design
Analysis: to determine the stress resultants and
displacements in the various members of a structure under
any loading
Design: to provide adequate member sizes, reinforcement
and connection details, to withstand safely the load
To perform analysis, the proportions of various structural
elements should be known in advance; for this, a preliminary
design is generally required
In practice, analysis and design are interactive processes
Design Components in this Course
Working Stress Method & Limit State Design
Beam: Singly & Doubly Reinforced Rectangular Beam, T
Beam, L Beam
Column: Axially Loaded, Uniaxial Bending And Biaxial
Bending Short and Long Columns
Slabs: One Way and Two Way Slabs
Poisson’s Ration
the ratio of the lateral strain to the longitudinal strain, under
uniform axial stress
Ranges from 0.1 to 0.3, normally 0.2 is taken
Reinforcing Steel
As per Cl. 5.6 of IS 456, steel used are
Mild steel and medium tensile steel bars conforming to IS
432 (Part 1)
High yield strength deformed (HYSD) steel bars conforming
to IS 1786
Hard-drawn steel wire fabric conforming to IS 1566
Structural steel conforming to Grade A of IS 2062
Diameter of bars
Nominal diameters, mm: 6,8,10,12,16,20,25,28,32,36,40
Table 1 of IS 1786:2008 gives the area and mass of bars
Stress-Strain Curves
Stress-Strain Curves
Loads and Combinations
Primary Loads
Dead Load
Imposed Load (Live Load)
Earthquake Load
Wind Load
Earth pressure
Temperature Load
Settlement of Supports
Shrinkage effects
Types of Loads
Dead Loads
Fixed in magnitude and position
Dead load of a structure: weight of structure together with
its associated ‘non-structural’ components
After the design process, the initially assumed dead load of
the structure has to be compared with the actual dead load
If difference is significant, revise the assumed dead load
Imposed Loads
Imposed loads (also referred to as live loads) are gravity loads
other than dead loads and include items such as occupancy by
people, movable equipment and furniture within the buildings,
stored materials such as books or machinery
Dead Loads (IS 875 (Part 1): 1987