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Negotiable Instruments
2. Consideration: The holder may become the The HDC is one who obtains
possessor or payee of the possession for consideration.
instrument even without the
consideration.
3. Maturity: The holder may become the HDC must become the
possessor before or after the possessor or payee before the
maturity. amount thereon becomes
payable.
4. Knowledge of The holder may have the He must have become the
defects: knowledge of the defects in holder of the instrument in
the title of the person from good faith and after exercising
whom he derived his title. due care and caution.
5. To be a holder Each holder is not a Holder in Each Holder in Due Course is
Due Course. also a Holder.
Liability of the Parties:
• According to sec. 30 to 32 and 35 to 42, of the
Negotiable instrument, Act, followings are the
points of the liability of the parties to the
negotiable instrument:
1. Drawer:
The drawer is bound to compensate the holder
in case of dishonor of the bill when he receives
the notice of dishonor. (sec. 30)
The liability of a drawer in BOE and Cheque is
different as the drawer in case of cheque is
drawee himself.
2. Drawee of a cheque:
When the payee presents the cheque for
encashment, he must receive the payment.
In case of dishonor of the cheque, the damages
to the payee must be compensated by the
drawee. (sec. 31)