St.

Mary’s College of Meycauayan

Meycauayan City, Bulacan
Integrated Basic Education Department
S.Y. 2019-2020

MAPEH 9

The Medieval Period (700-1400 A.D)

The word medieval is derived from the Latin word “Medius” meaning middle. It is
also known as the” Middle ages” or “Dark ages”. Medieval Period music, is classified
into two ;
1. sacred
2. secular
Sacred Music of the Medieval Period
• Monophonic texture – this texture refers to only one musical line.
• Polyphonic texture- two or more sounds played simultaneously.
• Known as chants, plainchants or plainsong.
• Monophonic plainchants are named after Pope Gregory I called Gregorian
chants.
• Gregorian chants are written in neumes.
Secular Music of the Medieval Period
• Secular music is also known as court music.
• Troubadours- were travelling musicians who performed in different places to
entertain people.
• Chanson and Canso – are the songs of troubadours.
Medieval composer
Adam de la Halle- Also known as Adam le Bossu, he was known for his chanson . One of
his famous works is the musical play “ Le Jeu Robin et Marion .

Music of the Renaissance (1400-1600)

 The term Renaissance comes from the word “Renaitre” which means “Rebirth”
“Revival” “rediscovery”. It is a period of transformation from 1400-1600. This
marked the revival of the culture and arts of Greece and Rome.

 Renaissance influenced the development of a form of philosophy called

HUMANISM- a philosophy that focuses on the mind, beauty, power and value of
an individual.

 This is also the age of discovery, innovation and exploration.

 Renaissance music sounds fuller than medieval music, Because the bass part
was now added the tenor voice.

 Renaissance music is characterized by mild gentle flow of rhythm, elegant

flowing melody and chiefly polyphonic style. During this period music became
more popular. Because pf the invention of the very first printing press and it helps
to the distribution of the musical copies.

 Vocal music is more important than the instrumental music because this era is
also known as the “Golden age” of a cappella or choir music. During this time,
 musicians gained respect in society and were better appreciated compared to
medieval period.

 Mass and Motet are the two types of sacred music. Motet is a polyphonic music
set to a sacred Latin text while Mass is a form of sacred musical composition that
has five main sections.

 Kyrie “Lord have mercy”

 Gloria “Glory to God in the highest”
 Credo “Apostle’s creed” or “Nicean Creed”
 Sanctus and Benedictus “Holy, holy” and “Blessed is He”
 Agnus Dei “Lamb of God”

Madrigal is a secular music; a poetry set into music and arranged into multiple
parts without accompaniment.
 Word painting is often used in madrigals. Word painting is a musical technique
which the melody reflects the literal meaning of the text.

Renaissance Period Composers

1. Giovanni Pierluigi Da Palestrina- Giovanni is said to be the greatest master of

Roman Catholic Church music during the Renaissance period. He spent most of
his career in churches in Rome including Pope’s chapel, Sistine Chapel and St.
Peter’s Basilica. His work is Pope Marcellus Mass.
2. Thomas Morley- He was a singer in the local cathedral from his boyhood, and
became the most famous composer of secular music during his time.
Most of his madrigals are light and easy to sing, his works includes:
Fire Fire, My Heart
Sing and Chant It
Fantasie
April is in my Mistress’ face
It was a Lover and his Lass

Music of the Baroque Period (1600-1750)

 The term Baroque is derived from the Portuguese word “Barroco” which means
“pearl of irregular shapes”. Arts from Baroque period featured beautiful,
realistic, and grandiose religious artworks.
 Baroque music is grand, ornate and lively. It features one basic mood or a unity
of mood with a consistent and strong rhythmic drive. Unlike the music in the
previous periods, there was an equal importance of sacred and secular as well
as vocal and instrumental music.

Genres of Baroque Music

1. Concerto- A form of orchestral music that employs a solo instrument

accompanied by an orchestra
2. Concerto Grosso- A form of orchestral music where in the music is between a
small group of soloists called concertino and the larger ensemble called tutti to
show a contrast of dynamics.
3. Fugue- A contrapuntal piece, developed mainly by imitative counterpoint. It is
usually written in 3 or 4 parts with a main themed called “Subject”.
 4. Oratorio- A large scale musical composition for orchestra and voices that
incorporates narratives on religious themes.
5. Chorale- musical composition that resemble a harmonized version of hymnal
tunes of the Protestant church during the Baroque era.

Baroque Period Composers

1. Johann Sebastian Bach- Bach came from a family of musicians. He was taught
by his father how to play violin. He focused his attention to playing violin and
harpsichord and he was known for his compositions for organ, orchestra and
oratorio

2. Antonio Lucio Vivaldi- He is recognized as one of the greatest Baroque

composers. Vivaldy is known for composing instrumental concertos specially for
violin. His famous piece is “The four Seasons”.

3. George Friedrich Handel- He learned music at the attic of their house.

He is known for his oratorios but he also composed 50 operas. His contribution to
church, secular vocal and instrumental music made him remarkable. His famous
work is “Hallelujah chorus”.

Pre- Historic Art

Pre-historic began with the appearance of humans and ended with the discovery of
writing. This period is also known as Paleolithic period (Stone age).

Historians, archeologist, Anthropologist believed that their art is the only one clue- along
with fossils, pollens, and other finds to an understanding of early human life and culture .

Paleolithic Art
Petroglyphs – The term petroglyph came from the Greek words Petra which means
“stone” and Glyphein means to “carve”.

• Refers to any image created on rock surfaces by means of carving, rubbing,

scratching, cutting engraving ang other similar methods.

• Some petroglyphs are sacred, ceremonial, form of communication an as well as

teritorial marks.

Cave Painting

• An image created by applying color pigments on a cave wall, ceiling or floor.

Some cave paintings have only one color (often black). Most of the subjects of
pre-historic painting are animal figures, predatory animals such as bears, lions
and so on.

Sculpture

• Materials used in sculptures vary according to the region and locality.

Archeologists believed that their sculpture is a result of natural erosion, carving
may have mythological or religious significance.
Architecture from the early age

• Man has developed a form of architecture based on megaliths (a big rock).

These architectures are made of huge stone blocks which were probably
intended for burial.

3 types of Megaliths

1. Menhir - A huge stone standing vertically on the ground, usually standing in the
middle of the field or arranged in rows.
2. Dolmens- These structures are in form of table consisting of two huge standing
stones supporting a horizontal giant stone. It is believed that it served as grave or
as an altar.
3. Cromlech- A circle of standing stones.

Ancient Egyptian Art

Ancient Egyptian Art functioned to glorify the Gods (including the pharaohs) and to
facilitate the passage of humans into after life. It emphasizes the importance of life after
death and the preservation of the knowledge of the past.

Paintings from Egypt

 Paintings from Sarcophagus of Tutankhamen XVIII dynasty

Sculptures from the Egyptian Era

Symbolic elements such as forms, hieroglyphics, relative size, location, materials, color,
action and gestures were widely used. Their tombs required the most extensive use of
sculpture. Symbolism are used to represent the gods, they were presented as
composite creature with animal heads on human bodies.

 Queen Nefertiti (Painted limestone)- Queen refers to the great royal wife of the
Egyptian pharaoh.
 The Pharaoh Menkaure and his Queen

Egyptian Architecture

The structure has thick sloping walls with few openings to maintain stability.
Ornamentations were symbolic including Scarab (sacred beetle), solar disk, vulture and
common motifs (leaves, buds, flowers of lotus, and papyrus plants).

 Pyramid of Giza- are the most substantial ancient structure of the world. 3
pyramids are the funerary structures of the 3 kings of the IV dynasty namely:
Khufu (Cheops)- the great Pyramid
Khafa (Chepren)- Pyramid next to the great pyramid.
Menkaura (Mycerinus)- the smallest pyramid.
 Mastaba- a type of Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-roofed, rectangular
structure with outward sloping sides. It was made of mud-bricks stone.
Classical Greek Era

Paintings during the classical era were most commonly found in vases, panels and
tombs. Most of the subjects were battle scenes, mythological figures and everyday
scenes.

Methods in Greek Painting

1. Fresco- method of painting water-based pigments on a freshly applied plaster

usually on a wall surfaces. Ideal for murals, durable and has a matte style.
2. Encaustic- developed by Greek ship builders who used hot wax to fill the cracks
of the ship. Colors were added and used to paint the wax hull.
Vase Painting

Kerch Style refers to as Kerch vases that are red figured pottery named after the
place where it was found.
Shapes commonly found are:
1. Pelike (Wine container)
2. Lekanis (a low bowl with two horizontal handles)
3. Lebes Gamikos (with high handles and lid use to carry bridal bath)
4. Krater (bowl use for mixing wine and water)

Tomb/ Wall painting

 Tomb of the driver

Sculpture from the Greek Era

Early Greek sculptures were tensed and stiffed, their bodies were hidden within
enfolding robes. One most popular styles of the Greek sculpture was the Hellenistic
Style, sculptures are more elaborated patterns, mannered arrangement of figures and
groups and emphasis on the representation of movements.

 Myron; The Discobulus

Greek Architecture

Temples consisted of a central shine or room in an aisle surrounded by rows of

columns. These buildings were designed in one of three architectural style of order.

 The Parthenon – the greatest classical temple, ingeniously engineered to

correct an optical illusion.
Paintings from the Roman Era

Roman paintings have a wide variety of subject animals, everyday life, mythological
subjects, portraits and landscapes.

Mosaic- it is an art process were an image is created using an assemblage of small

pieces of colored glass, stones or other materials,

 Head of Alexander
 Fresco from the Villa of Mysteries
 Boscotrecase, Pompeii- a fresco painting that was believed to depict a
ceremonial rite, either marriage or an initiation of a woman in a mystery cult.

Roman sculptures are made of monumental terra-cotta, they produced reliefs in the
Great Roman triumphal columns with continuous narrative reliefs around.

 The Potonacio Sarcophagus

 Sarcophagus, from Cerveteri

Roman Architecture- built sturdy stone structures both for use and to perpetuate their
glory. Emperors erected huge halls and arenas for public games, baths and procession.
They built them of gigantic arches of stone, bricks and concrete with barrel vaults.

 The Colosseum