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B.A./B.Sc. (Three Year) DEGREE EXAMINATION, OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2017.

End Semester Examination

Third Semester

Part II — Mathematics

Paper III : ABSTRACT ALGEBRA

(Regular/Supplementary)

(Common for B.A./B.Sc. courses)

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 70

PART — A

Answer any FIVE of the following questions. (5  4 = 20 Marks)

1. Prove that ( z ,  ) is an abelian group of the operation defined by

a  b  a  b  1  a, b,  z where z is set of integers.

z ÌZ  ç³Ç{MìüÄæý$  a, b,  z Mæü$ a  b  a  b 1 V> °ÆæÿÓ_…糺yìþ¯èþ ( z, ) ° JMæü

H½ÍÄæý$¯Œþ çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ A° ^èþ*ç³…yìþ.
2. Show that the fourth roots of unity form an abelian group (G , ) w.r.t. the
multiplication G  {1,  1, i,  i } .

G ÌZ Ðèþ$*ËM>Ë$ çÜ…MîüÆæÿ~ çÜ…QÅË$ Ñ°Ðèþ$Äæý$ «§æþÆæÿÃÐèþ$$¯èþ$ ´ësìý…^èþ$Ðèþ$$. (G , ) Ñ°Ðèþ$Äæý$

çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ G  {1,  1, i,  i } .
3. If H, K are the two subgroups in a group G then HK is a subgroup if and only if
(  ) HK  KH .

JMæü çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ G ÌZ H , K Ë$ Eç³çÜÐèþ$*àËÆÿ$$™óþ, HK Mæü*yæþ G ÌZ Eç³çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$

M>ÐèþÌñý¯èþ¯èþ² BÐèþÔèýÅMæü ç³Æ>Åç³¢ °Äæý$Ðèþ$Ðèþ$$ HK  KH A° ^èþ*ç³…yìþ.
4. Prove that any two right cosets of a subgroup of a group are either disjoint or
identical.

JMæü Eç³çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ Äñý$$MæüP HÐðþO¯é Æðÿ…yæþ$ Mæü$yìþ çÜÑ$™èþ$ÌñýO¯é ÑÐèþ$$M>¢Ë$ Ìôý§é çÜÐèþ*¯éË$ A°
^èþ*ç³#Ðèþ$$.

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5. If H and K are two normal subgroups then show that H  K is normal
subgroups.

H Ðèþ$ÇÄæý$$ K A¯èþ$¯èþÑ AÀË…º Eç³çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$Ë$ AÆÿ$$¯èþ HK Mæü*yé AÀË…º

Eç³çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ A° ^èþ*ç³…yìþ.
6. Prove that every homomorphic image of an abelian group is abelian.

H½ÍÄæý$¯Œþ çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ çÜÐèþ$Ææÿ*ç³™èþ {糆¼…ºÐèþ$$ H½ÍÄæý$¯Œþ çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ A° ^èþ*ç³…yìþ.

7. Let G be a group and N be a normal subgroup of G. Let f be a mapping from G to
G / N defined by f ( x )  Nx for x  G then show that f is homomorphism of G onto
G / N and ker f  N .

G JMæü çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$, N §é°ÌZ AÀË…º Eç³Ðèþ$*ËMæüÐèþ$$ A¯èþ$Mö¯èþ$Ðèþ$$. G ¯èþ$…yìþ G / N Mæü$ f

{ç³Ðóþ$Äæý$Ðèþ$$ f ( x )  Nx , x G A° °ÆæÿÓ_…糺yìþ¯èþ¨. Aç³#yæþ$ G ¯èþ$…yìþ G / N Mæü$ f çÜ…{VæüçÜ¢
çÜÐèþ$Ææÿ*ç³™èþ A° °Ææÿ*í³…^èþ…yìþ Ðèþ$ÇÄæý$$ MðüÆðÿ²ÌŒý ker f  N AVæü$¯èþ$.
8. Prove that every homomorphic image of cyclic group is cyclic group.

^èþ{MîüÄæý$ çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ Äñý$$MæüP {糆 çÜÐèþ$Ææÿ*ç³™èþ {糆¼…ºÐèþ$$ ^èþ{MîüÄæý$Ðèþ$$ A° ^èþ*ç³…yìþ.

PART — B

Answer ALL the following questions. (5  10 = 50 Marks)

9. (a) (i) In a group G , if a 2  e ,  a  G , prove that G is an abelian group.

JMæü çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ G ÌZ a 2  e ,  a G AÆÿ$$™óþ çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ G H½ÍÄæý$¯Œþ A°

^èþ*ç³…yìþ.
(ii) Prove that a finite semi-group (G , ) satisfies the cancellation laws is a
group.

ç³ÇÑ$™èþ AÆæÿ¦ çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ (G, ) ÌZ MösìýtÐóþ™èþ ¯éÅÄæý*Ë$ °fÐðþ$O¯èþ G JMæü çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$

AÐèþ#™èþ$…¨ A° °Ææÿ*í³…^èþ…yìþ.
Or

(b) Prove that set G  { a / a n  1 } and multiplication form a finite abelian group.

™èþÆæÿVæü† çÜÑ$† G  { a / an  1} Ý뫧éÆæÿ×ý Væü$×ý¯èþ ç³Ç{MìüÄæý$ §éÓÆ> H½ÍÄæý$¯Œþ çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ A°

^èþ*ç³…yìþ.
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10. (a) Prove that a finite non empty subset H of a group G is a subgroup of G in
H , a, b H  a.b  H . Is the result true? When H is finite.

çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ G Äñý$$MæüP ç³ÇÑ$† Ôèý*¯óþÅ™èþÆæÿ çÜ…MîüÆæÿ~Ðèþ$$ H ,G ¯èþMæü$ Eç³çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ M>Ðèþsê°Mìü

BÐèþÔèýÅMæü ç³Æ>Åç³¢ °Äæý$Ðèþ$Ðèþ$$ a, b H  a.b  H A° ^èþ*ç³…yìþ. H ç³ÇÑ$™èþ AÆÿ$$¯èþ C¨
°fÐèþ*?
Or
(b) State and prove Lagranges theorem on subgroups.

Eç³çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$Ë Ò$§æþ Ìñý{V>…h íܧ鮅™é°² {ç³Ðèþ_…_ °Ææÿ*í³…^èþ…yìþ.

11. (a) Prove that a subgroup N of a group G is a normal subgroup of G iff each
left coset of N in G is a right coset of N in G .

çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ G ÌZ Eç³çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ N AÀË…º Eç³çÜÐèþ$*çßý… M>Ðèþsê°Mìü BÐèþÔèýÅMæü ç³Æ>Åç³¢

°Äæý$Ðèþ$Ðèþ$$ G ÌZ N Äñý$$MæüP {糆 GyæþÐèþ$ çÜçßýçÜÑ$† JMæü Mæü$yìþ çÜçßýçÜÑ$† AVæü$r A°
°Ææÿ*í³…^èþ…yìþ.
Or
(b) Define a simple group. Prove that the G / H of all cosets of H in G wrt coset
multiplication is a group.

íÜ…ç³#ÌŒý çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$¯èþ$ °ÆæÿÓ_…^èþ$Ðèþ$$. çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ G ÌZ H Äñý$$MæüP A°² çÜçßýçÜÑ$™èþ$Ë

çÜÑ$† G / H çÜçßýçÜÑ$™èþ$Ë Væü$×ýM>ÆæÿÐèþ$$ §æþ–ÚëtÅ çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ AÐèþ#™èþ$…§æþ° ^èþ*ç³#Ðèþ$$.

12. (a) State and prove fundamental theorem of homomorphism of groups.

çÜÐèþ$*àË Äñý$$MæüP çÜÐèþ$Ææÿ*ç³™é Ðèþ$*Ë íܧ鮅™èþÐèþ$$¯èþ$ {ç³Ðèþ_…_ °Ææÿ*í³…^èþ$Ðèþ$$.

Or

(b) Let f be a homomorphism from a group G into a group G  , then prove that
f is a monomorphism iff ker f  { e } .

çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ G ¯èþ$…yìþ G  Mæü$ °ÆæÿÓ_…糺yìþ¯èþ çÜ…{VæüçÜ¢ çÜÐèþ$Ææÿ*ç³™èþ G ¯èþ$…yìþ G  Mæü$ JMæü A¯óþÓMæü
çÜÐèþ$Ææÿ*ç³™èþ  ker f  { e } °Ææÿ*í³…^èþ$Ðèþ$$.

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13. (a) State and prove Cayley’s theorem.

MðüÆÿ$$Î íܧ鮅™èþÐèþ$$¯èþ$ {ç³Ðèþ_…_ °Ææÿ*í³…^èþ$Ðèþ$$.

Or
(b) (i) Prove that if G is an infinite cyclic group then G has exactly two
generators.

G JMæü A¯èþ…™èþ ^èþ{MîüÄæý$ çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ AÆÿ$$™óþ G Mìü Æðÿ…yæþ$ f¯èþMæü Ðèþ$*ËM>Ë$ Ðèþ*{™èþÐóþ$
E…sêÆÿ$$ A° °Ææÿ*í³…^èþ…yìþ.
(ii) G is a cyclic group of order n and ‘ a ’ is a generator of G . Show that
a m is a generator of G iff (m, n )  1 .

G A¯èþ$¯èþ¨ n Ðèþ ™èþÆæÿVæü† ^èþ{MîüÄæý$ çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ Ðèþ$ÇÄæý$$ ‘ a ’ JMæü f¯èþMæü Ðèþ$*ËMæüÐèþ$$

AÆÿ$$™óþ G Mìü a m A¯èþ$¯èþ¨ f¯èþMæü Ðèþ$*ËMæüÐèþ$$  (m, n)  1 A° °Ææÿ*í³…^èþ…yìþ.

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