Pointers to Review for EAPP

 Reading Academic Text

 Academic Text or Non Academic Text
 Features of Academic Writing
 Parts of Common Academic Essay
 Introduction - Body - Conclusion
 Summary / Precis / Abstract
 Chronological Outlining
 Topic Sentence / Main Idea
 Facts and Opinion (signal words)
 Citation and In-Text Citation
 Paraphrasing (Rewording)
 Reaction and Review Paper
 Meaning and Parts
 Difference between Diary and Reaction
Paper
 Thesis Statement
 Critique Paper
 Critical Approaches
 Formalism, Feminism, Formalism,
Reader Response
 7 Principles of Critiquing
 Concept Paper (Proposal Paper)
 Elucidating Concept (definition -
explication - clarification)
 Formal - Informal - Extended
Definition
 Explicit and Implicit Concepts
 Elements of A Concept Paper
 Concepts in Different Fields
a. Art
REVIEWER IN EAPP (IRREGULAR STUDENTS)

Academic texts are typically formal. They

have clearly structured introduction, body
and conclusion. They include information from
credible sources which are, in turn, properly
cited. They also include list of references used
in developing the academic paper.

FEATURES OF ACADEMIC WRITING

Complexity - Written language is relatively

more complex than spoken language. Written
texts are shorter and the language has more
grammatical complexity, including more
subordinate clauses and more passives.

Formality - Academic writing is relatively

formal. In general this means that in an essay
you should avoid colloquial words and
expressions.

Precision - In academic writing, facts and

figures are given precisely.

Objectivity - Written language is in general

objective rather than personal.

Explicitness - Academic writing is explicit

about the relationships int he text.

Accuracy - Academic writing uses vocabulary

accurately. Most subjects have words with
narrow specific meanings. Linguistics
distinguishes clearly between "phonetics" and
"Phonemic"; general English does not.

Hedging - A technique common in certain

kinds of academic writing is known by linguists
as a ‘hedge’.

Responsibility - In academic writing you must

be responsible for, and must be able to
provide evidence and justification for, any
claims you make. You are also responsible for
demonstrating an understanding of any
source texts you use.

Organization - Academic writing is well

organized. It flows easily from one section to
the next in a logical fashion. A good place to
start is the genre of your text. Once you have
decided on the genre, the structure is easily
determined..
Planning - Academic writing is well planned. It
usually takes place after research and
evaluation, according to a specific purpose
and plan.
BASIC PARTS OF AN ESSAY
The introduction. This is where the subject or
topic is introduced.
The body. All the main ideas, topics, and
subject are discussed here in details.
The conclusion. The last part of an essay and
usually summarizes the overall topic or ideas
of an essay.
PRECIS - SUMMARY - ABSTRACT
Précis is a concise summary of an article or
other work. It is a French word that literally
means to cut short. It is not an essay or
re-writing. It shouldn’t tell but summarize a
core essence of the original document and
provide readers with the information about its
significance and worth.
Summary in an essay is telling the main ideas
of the article in your own words. So that others
can understand the source or evaluate your
comprehension of it.
Abstract is simply a short, standalone summary
of the work or paper that others can use as an
overview. It is often used to help the reader
quickly ascertain the paper's purpose.
Outlining
An outline is a map of your essay. It shows
what information each section or paragraph
will contain, and in what order. Most outlines
use numbers and/or bullet points to arrange
information and convey points.
(e.g)
Introduction
A. Background information
B. Thesis
Main Idea
Supporting Idea
Topic Sentence VS Thesis Statement
The thesis is the main idea of your paper
written in one sentence at the beginning of
your paper. The topic sentences begin each
paragraph in the body of the paper and
explain why the thesis statement is true. There
is only one thesis statement. There is one topic
sentence for each body paragraph you write.
FACTS VS OPINION
Fact - A fact generally refers to something that
is true and can be verified as such. That is, a
fact is something that can be proven to be
true.
Opinion - An opinion refers to a personal belief.
It relates to how someone feels about
something. Others may agree or disagree with
an opinion, but they cannot prove or disprove
it. This is what defines it as opinion.
Signal Words and phrases being used in the
sentence fragments that often precede a
statement of fact or opinion:
Fact: The annual report confirms…
Scientists have recently
discovered…
According to the results of the
tests…
The investigation demonstrated…
Opinion: He claimed that…
It is the officer’s view that…
The report argues that…
Many scientists suspect that…
CITATION AND IN-TEXT CITATION
Citations, then, are the means by which you
credit other researchers and writers when you
use their work in your papers.
APA
Smith, J. (1998). Deconstructing Colonialism:
the discourse of the Empire, 1837-1898.
Bloomington, IL: Illinois Wesleyan University
Press.
MLA
Rosenberg, Arthur. "Is there a text in this
universe?" Studies in Teaching College
Astrology, 12 (1997): 221-242.
WEBSOURCE
Cain, K. (2012, June 29). The Negative effects
of Facebook on communication. Social
Media Today RSS. Retrieved from
http://socialmediatoday.com
Using In-text Citation
Include an in-text citation when you refer
to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from
another source. For every in-text citation in
your paper, there must be a corresponding
entry in your reference list. It could be in the
middle or last part of the paragraph. Write it
whenever an information has come from a
source, in order to avoid Plagiarism
Role-play can help children learn
techniques for coping with bullying (Kraiser,
2011)….
(Direct Quotation Using Rewording)
REACTION PAPER
A reaction paper is a type of written
assignment, which requires personal opinion
and conclusions on a given article or abstract.
Parts :
Intro - Background/Thesis Statement/Purpose
Body - Proof of the Thesis Statement
Conclusion - Final Opinion connected to T.S.
Citation - Reference
REACTION PAPER VS. DIARY ENTRY
REVIEW PAPER
-has content that is slightly on the next level of
critical thinking. It is usually a term used for the
write up of journalists or columnists expressing
their personal opinions.
Movie Analysis
Introduction Plot Synopsis
Theme Visual Element
Conclusion Citation
CRITIQUE PAPER
A critique is a category of academic writing
that evaluates or analysis critically a literary
or artwork.
(Introduction - Plot Summary - Analysis -
Conclusion)
CRITICAL APPROACHES IN WRITING A CRITIQUE
1. Formalism- claims that literary works contain
intrinsic properties and treats each work as a
distinct work of art. In short, it posits that the
key to understanding a text is through the text
itself; the historical context, the author, or any
other external contexts are not necessary in
interpreting the meaning.
2. Feminist Criticism-also called feminism, it
focuses on how literature presents women as
subjects of socio-political, psychological, and
economic oppression.
3. Reader-Response Criticism- is concerned
with the reviewer’s reaction as an audience of
a work. This approach claims that the reader’s
role cannot be separated from the
understanding of the work; a text does not
have meaning until the reader reads it and
interprets it.
4. Marxist Criticism- is concerned with
differences between economic classes and
implications of a capitalist system, such as the
continuing conflicts between the working
class and the elite.
7 Principles of Effective Critique
1.OBJECTIVE — Limit your critique to the
observed behavior of the student and do not
criticize her personality, general psychological
traits, or (even worse!) physical characteristics.
2. SPECIFIC — A student cannot understand
an error and correct it if the instructor is not
specific enough.
3. CONSTRUCTIVE — Our world is awash in
negativity. There is no point in being
destructive when identifying a mistake.
4. COMPREHENSIVE — Your critique should be
balanced and include both good and bad
points of the student.
5. ACCEPTABLE — The instructor must be
perceived as a legitimate authority before the
critique can be accepted by the student. 6.
FLEXIBLE — An instructor should be able to
shape his critique depending on the audience,
context
7. ORGANIZED — A good instructor takes the
student by the hand and leads her through as
few steps as possible to the desired goal of the
instruction or the critique session.
CONCEPT PAPER (PROPOSAL PAPER)
All research projects need a concept paper:
a short summary that tells the reader what the
project is, why it is important, and how it will be
carried out.
1. A title in the form of a question. This may be
the last part ofthe concept paper that you
write, but it should appear at the heading of
the paper.
2. A clear description of the research topic,
including a summary of what is already known
about that topic.
3. A one-sentence statement of the research
question that the project will seek to answer.
(This is almost always something that is not
known.) The concept paper should elaborate
on how this question can be answered.
4. A demonstration of why it is important to
answer this research question. What good
comes of this answer? Why is this project worth
writing?
5. A description of how the researcher plans to
answer the research question. This includes:
a. description of the data or evidence that
the researcher plans to gather or use;
b. a description of how the researcher will
analyze these data; and
c. a demonstration of how these data and
this analytic method will answer the
research question.
Elucidating Concept
(definition - explication - clarification)
Formal Definitions
A formal definition consists of three parts: the
term, the part of speech to which it belongs,
such as a noun or a verb, and all the traits or
characteristics that are specific to that term.
Term: freedom
Part of speech: noun
Definition: The power or right to act, speak,
or think as one wants without hindrance
Informal Definitions
In an informal definition, the writer uses known
words or examples to explain an unknown
term. These definitions may be synonyms or
antonyms introduced by or, in other words, or
like.
Extended Definitions
Extended definitions generally have
components of both informal and formal
definitions. However, as the name suggests,
the author uses a number of other techniques
to define a word, concept, or phrase,
including the following:
Listing and describing the parts: identifying
smaller, more familiar pieces of an idea to
point to the definition of the bigger concept.
Etymology: sharing a word's origin.
Examples or anecdotes: telling a story or
example that illustrates the term.
Negation: defining a term by explaining what
the concept is not.
Evoking the senses: using a word that creates
a picture in the reader's mind so that the
reader might relate through memory of sound,
sight, touch, hearing, or smell.
Environment or sector: pointing out how and
where something is used.
Ramifications: showing how the term or
concept affects people or objects.
Historical references: showing how a word has
been defined throughout history.
Concept Clarification
An analysis of an abstract concept through
investigation of examples and the
identification of critical and less critical
attributes
Explicit and Implicit Concepts
Implicit concepts are an implicit version of
what psychologists call prototypes, although
implicit concepts (unlike prototypes
according to most theories) may encode
some causal information about categories.
Explicit concepts may encode statistical and
causal information, but more importantly, they
may encode syntactic information,
definitional information, and whatever else is
needed for the language faculty (in the
narrow sense) to process them. Explicit
concepts are necessary for explicit cognition –
the distinctively human ability to use language,
represent unobservable, nonexistent, abstract,
and ad hoc aspects of the world, and perform
linguistic inferences.
Concepts in Different Fields
a. Art
b. Business
c. Law
d. Philosophy
e. Politics
f. Religion
g. Science
h. Sports
i. TechVoc
Home Economics
Agri. fishery
I.A
ICT
Prepared By:
Ms. Mary Grace L. Sagun
EAPP Teacher