SPANISH

COLONIZATION

Eda, Haidee Gennie Anne R.

Guieb, Maricar
Montarum, Kathleen
Bacud, Jan Darrel
Pastor, Christian Jade
Agamata, Crizza Jane
Calibusan, Saphire
Ganal, Marc John
 POLITICAL ISSUES
 An accountable, abusive elite
•Bureaucratic system
•Forced labor
 Massive corruption
• Encomienda System (where Filipinos worked in a farm and an encomiendero or tax
collector was tasked to collect money or the produced goods
• Excessively high collection of taxes and fine
•Falsification of documents by the government
•Abuse of power of the governors
•Bribery (public officials always expecting something from the people including
money and goods that lead to violence)
 A dysfunctional system of government
• There was no idea of the Philippines being any kind of coherent entity
•Prepolitical because it was informal, folk-sustained uncentralized and still without
specific agencies
• Leaders' authority was based on kinship, subservience, deference and defence only.
•There was no distinction between the family and community
• Elite to elite election
 Huge social disparities
•Categorized into different social classes: Peninsulares, Insulares, Ilustrados,
Principalia, Mestizos
•Skin complexion discrimination
•Language they are using
 Meddling of the Catholic Church with Theocratic Learning
• Forced Catholicism on the natives
• Eradicated overt the practices of aminism, traditional beliefs in spirits and magic
survived.
 ECONOMIC ISSUES
 Slow progress w due to the lack of Spain in practical members
 Their interest was in Catholicism and their dream having an empire in Asia.
 Spaniards did not really know how to make money grow.
 While we were a colony of Spain, the Filipinos did not really share in the wealth o the
nation.
ECONOMIC CHANGES MADE BY SPAIN
 New way o land ownership-
1. Spaniards introduce the idea that the person and his family could own a land.

 Tribute
1. The residence tax during the Spanish times
2. One peso per year
3. Single person should pay one half-peso
4. In cash or in good
5. 1884-tribute was replaced by cedula tax
6. People in the Philippines were very unhappy with these taxes because the
Spanish officials cheated and oppressed them
7. Today, Filipinos of 18 year and above still pa the cedula in their local town or
city. In exchange, they are given a ‘residence certificate.

 Encomienda system
1. Money from tribute upon a certain conquered territory
2. Given by the king of Spanish conquiscator(colonizer) as a reward for his
services.

 Forced labor
1. 16-60 years old male Filipinos were forced to work for the government for a
few weeks a year 40 days
2. 1884- reduced to 15 days
3. Polistas-forces laborers
4. Polistas for various public woks
5. Polistas could get out of a work by paying a sum of money or hiring
somebody else to do this polo
6. Filipinos did not like polo

 Abolition of slavery
1. 16th century-spans missionaries protested to the king about keeping of slaves
in the Philippines
2. 1589- royal decree was made
3. Abolish slavery in our country
4. Phil. Were head of other countries in giving freedom to slaves
5. United States did not ban slavery until 1833
 Galleon Trade and annual subsidy from Mexico
1. Named after the sailing ship which sailed once a year from manila to
Acapulco Mexico.
2. Profitable business for Spanish merchants had corrupt government who ran it.
3. 1815- it tended when Mexico revolted against Spaniards.

 Introduction of new industries

1. Better methods of farming: cattle ranching, making candle soap.
2. The construction of stone houses, building of roads,bridges and dams
3. The weaving of mats and hats
4. They grow large amount of sugar, hemp,coconut, and tobacco.
5. Become the pillars of the Philippines.

 Economic society
1. Existed only during Spanish era.
2. 1781 founded by Gov. General Basco and helped to develop the Philippine
Agricultural the most
3. Sent the first shipment of indigo(dye) to Europe
4. 1809 economic society stopped operating.

 Royal company of the Philippines

1. 1785 King Charles III
2. Took advantage if the Trade and shipping industries
3. Owned by king, foreign banks, private citizens in Spain, Mexico, cub ate
Philippine and other Spanish COLONIS.
4. It is Badly manage so it was closed down on 1834

 Opening of the Philippines to world trade and foreign investments

1. In 1834, Spain officially opened the Philippines to the world trade
2. It means that the goods from the Philippines could be shipped out of any of the
countries abroad and goods from other county could enter the Philippines
directly
3. Before Spanish banned the other foreigners from living in the provinces or
having businesses in the Philippines.
4. They did not apply to Chinese settlers, but it covered other white men.

 Improvement on transport and communication

1. 1891- British build the first railroad
2. Manila to Dagupan
3. Feb. 1, 1859 First postage stamp
4. 1854- first monthly mail from Manila to Hong Kong
5. 1783- First telegraph
6. 1890- First telephone
 Prizes and international exhibitions
1. During the Spanish times the Philippines joined many international exhibitions
or fairs aboard
2. Philippine finest products
3. Hemp
4. Embroideries
5. Art work
 SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
Sociologists use the term social stratification to describe the system of social standing.
Social stratification refers to a society’s categorization of its people into rankings of
socioeconomic tiers based on factors like wealth, income, race, education, and power.
 Peninsulares
• Spaniards who are born in Spain
• Highest class in the Philippines
• Pure blooded Spaniards born from Spain
• The wealthiest and most politically powerful among the social classes
• High positions in the Government
• Referred to as Kastilas
 Insulares
Spaniards born in Philippines who took important positions in the Spanish
government in the Philippines.
Spaniards born in the Philippines
• Receives discrimination from fellow Spaniards
• Enjoy various government and church positions
• A son or daughter of a Spanish couple is an insular
 Ilustrados
• (Spanish for "erudite," "learned," or "enlightened ones"). constituted the Filipino
educated class during the Spanish colonial period in thelate19th century
• They were the middle class who were educated in Spanish and exposed to Spanish
liberal and European nationalist ideals

 Principalia
The social and educated class in the towns of colonial Philippines composed of the
Gobernadorcillo (Town Mayor), or the Cabeza de Barangay (Chief of the
Barangay)who governed the districts and the awardee of the medal of Civil Merit.
•Exempted from forced labor during the colonial period
• Were allowed to vote, be elected to public office and be addressed by the
title: Don or Doña
• Given certain roles in the Church, such as assisting the priest in pastoral and
religious activities
 Meztizos
Filipinos of mixed indigenous Filipino (Austronesian people/Malay/Malayo-
Polynesian), or European or Chinese ancestry.
Kind of Meztizos
MESTIZO DE SANGLEY
Mixed of Chinese and Filipino Ancestry
MESTIZO DE ESPAŃOL
Mixed of Chinese and Spanish Ancestry
TORNATRAS
Mixed of Spanish, Chinese and Filipino Ancestry
 Indios
Person of pure Austronesian (Malay/Malayo- Polynesian) ancestry (natives).
TYPE OF GOVERNMENT
The Political Structure
Spain established a centralized colonial government in the Philippines that was
composed of a NATIONAL GOVERNMENT and the LOCAL GOVERNMENTS that
administered provinces, cities, towns, and municipalities
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT:
 Maintained peace and order
 Collected taxes
 Built schools and other public works

The Governor General

 The King’s representative and the highest-ranking official in the Philippines
 Chief Executive and the Commander in Chief of the army
 Royal decrees and laws emanating from the Spain were implemented in the
Philippines
 Had the power to appoint and dismiss public officials, except those personally
chosen by the king.
 Supervised all government offices and the collection of taxes
 Exercised certain legislative powers
 Issued proclamations to facilitate the implementation of laws

Bodies created to investigate the government officials

 The Residencia
 The Vista
 The Royal Audencia

 The Residencia
This was a special judicial court that investigates the performance of a Governor
General who was about to be replaced.
 The Vista

The council of the Indies in Spain sent a government official called the VISITADOR
GENERAL to observe conditions in the colony.

 The Royal Audencia

 Served as an advisory body to the Governor General

 Had the power to check and report on his abuses
 The Audencia also audited the expenditures of the colonial government
 Sent a yearly report to Spain
 The Archbishop and other government officials could also report the abuses of
the colonial
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT

 ALCALDIA
 Led by the Alcalde Mayor
 Under the Spanish control
 Governed the provinces that had been fully subjugated
DUTIES OF THE ALCALDE MAYOR:
 They represented the Spanish king and the Governor-General
 They managed the day-to-day operations of the provincial government
 Implemented laws and supervised the collection of taxes

 CORREGIMIENTO
 Headed by Corregidor
 Governed the provinces that were not yet entirely under Spanish control.

THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT

Each province was divided into several towns or pueblos headed by
GoBERNADORDCILLOS (little Governor)

MAIN DUTIES: Efficint governance and tax collection

Four Lietenants:
Teniente Mayor (chief lietenant)
Teniente de Policia (police lietenant)
Teniente de Sementeras (lietenant of the field)
Teniente de Ganados (lietenant of the livestock)

 Cabeza de Barangay (Barrio Administrator/Barangay Captain)

 Responsible for the peace and order of the barrio
 Recruited men for public works

THE CITY GOVERNMENT

 AYUNTAMIENTO
Larger towns that became cities
The center of trade and industry
 CABILDO
City council
Cabildo is composed of:
ALCALDE(Mayor)
REGIDORES(Councilors)
ALGUACIL MAYOR (Police Chief)
ESCRIBANDO (Secretary)
 THE ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM
A system by which the king has the right to transfer the authority of a particular
land to any Spanish individual or institution.

 ENCOMIENDERO
-Those individual who possessed the right of encomienda
 Has authority to collect taxes from the people in his jurisdiction.
 Has the duty to care and look for the benefits of those citizens