11107195331m 2m Questions PDF

Study Material
Class XII - Mathematics

2016-17
1&2
MARKS QUESTIONS
PREPARED BY
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN TINSUKIA
REGION
Study Material
Class XII – Mathematics 2016-17
1 & 2 MARKS QUESTIONS
CHIEF PATRON
SH. SANTOSH KUMAR MALL
COMMISSIONER,KVS
PATRON
DR. D. MANJUNATH
DEPUTY COMMISSIONER(I/C),KVS TINSUKIA REGION
COORDINATOR
SH. RAJIB DAS
PRINCIPAL, KV DULIAJAN
RESOURCE PERSONS
PGT MATHS OF KVS TINSUKIA REGION
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TOPIC- RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS ................................................................................................................................ 3

TOPIC-: INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS ............................................................................................................... 8
TOPIC-: MATRICES ........................................................................................................................................................... 16
TOPIC-: DETERMINANTS ................................................................................................................................................. 21
TOPIC: CONTINUITY ........................................................................................................................................................ 34
TOPIC- DIFFERENTIABILITY .............................................................................................................................................. 38
TOPIC-: APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES .......................................................................................................................... 43
TOPIC-: INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE................................................................................................................................ 48
TOPIC-: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION ................................................................................................................................. 52
TOPIC-: VECTOR ALGEBRA .............................................................................................................................................. 56
TOPIC-: 3 – DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY ........................................................................................................................... 60
TOPIC-: LINEAR PROGRAMMING .................................................................................................................................... 71
TOPIC-: PROBABILITY ...................................................................................................................................................... 83
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TOPIC- RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
𝑺𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑻𝒐𝒑𝒊𝒄 𝑹𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 (𝟏 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒌 𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔)
1 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑂𝑛𝑒 − 𝑂𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑎 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝐴 𝑡𝑜 𝐴.
2 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = {4, 5, 0}. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝐴.
3 Let f: R →R be a function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = x2−3𝑥 + 4, for all x ∈ R, find the value of 𝑓 −1 (2)
4 𝐿𝑒𝑡 ∗ 𝑏𝑒 𝑎 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑁 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎𝑏 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 (3 ∗ 2) ∗ 1.
5 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 {1, 2, 3, 4 … 𝑛} 𝑡𝑜 𝑖𝑡𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑓.
6 𝐼𝑓 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑓(𝑥) = (3 − 𝑥 3)1/3, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)).
7 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑔(𝑥), 𝑖𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = |5𝑥 − 2|
8 𝐼𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 7, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (7).
9 𝐿𝑒𝑡 ∗ 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑁 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝐿𝐶𝑀 (𝑎, 𝑏) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑁 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 5 ∗ 7.
10 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∗ : 𝑅𝑥𝑅 → 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑠 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 2𝑎 + 𝑏. 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 (2 ∗ 3) ∗ 4.
11 |𝑥 − 1|
𝑊ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓(𝑥) = ?
(𝑥 − 1)
12 𝑊𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑔 𝑖𝑓 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑓(𝑥) = 8𝑥3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥1/3
13 If X and Y are two sets having 2 and 3 elements respectively then find the number of functions
from X to Y.
14 𝐿𝑒𝑡 ∗ 𝑏𝑒 𝑎 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑁 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝐻𝐶𝐹 𝑜𝑓 𝑎, 𝑏 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈
𝑁 𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 22 ∗ 4.
15 𝐼𝑓 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 2 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑓 (𝑓(𝑥)).
16 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = {1,2,3} , 𝐵 = {4,5,6,7} 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑓 = {(1,4), (2,5), (3,6)} 𝑏𝑒 𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 – 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑡.
17 If the binary operation ∗ 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑍 of integers is defined 𝑏𝑦 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 5, then write the
identity element for the operation ∗ 𝑖𝑛 𝑍.
18 𝐼𝑓 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 8} 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑁 𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑅.
19 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑓 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥2.
20 𝐼𝑓 𝑔𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑡 𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜? 𝑂𝑅 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡?
21 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑍 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔: 𝑍 → 𝑍 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑔𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑔 𝑖𝑠
𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒.
22 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔: 𝑁 → 𝑁 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑔𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡
𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜.
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23 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑓 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛. 𝑊ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (1)?
24 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∗ 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 {𝑎, 𝑏}.
𝑊𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒.
25 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑡 , 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁, 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥2
𝑺𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑻𝒐𝒑𝒊𝒄 𝑹𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 (𝟐 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒔 𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔)
1 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑤ℎ𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 2 } 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑅 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜. 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑣𝑒.
2 𝐼𝑓 ∗ 𝑏𝑒 𝑎 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑅 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠. 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 2, then
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∗
3 2𝑥 + 1
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑔 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1.
3
4 𝐼𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∗ 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑄 𝑎𝑠 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 2𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑄 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 3 ∗ 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2 ∗ 5
5 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜.
6 𝐼𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∗ 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑅 𝑎𝑠 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑖𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑡.
7 𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑅 𝑜𝑛 𝑅 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑠 𝑅 = (𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 3 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑣𝑒.
8 𝐿𝑒𝑡 ∗ 𝑏𝑒 𝑎 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠. 𝐼𝑓 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑎𝑏, 2 ∗ (3 ∗
𝑥) = −7, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥.
9 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 , 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜.
10 𝐼𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2+3, 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 2. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑔𝑜𝑓.
11 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓: 𝑅 + → 𝑅 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥, 𝑥 > 0 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑒.
12 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∗ 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑁
13 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑅 𝑜𝑛 𝑍 = {𝑥, 𝑦; 𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟} 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑣𝑒
14 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓: 𝑄 → 𝑄 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 6 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑒.
15 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = {1, 2,3} 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 12}, 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛
𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝐴.
16 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| + 𝑥
𝑓 ∶ 𝑅 → 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 (𝑎) 𝑂𝑛𝑒 − 𝑂𝑛𝑒 (𝑏) 𝑂𝑛𝑡𝑜
17 𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑅 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 {1,2,3} 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑅 = {(1,2), (2,1)} 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
18 3𝑥 − 2
𝐼𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = .
5
19 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 – 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
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20 𝑥−1
𝐼𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = log | | , −1 < 𝑥 < 1 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑓(−𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥+1
21 𝐼𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = |𝑥| 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (2) − 𝑔𝑜𝑓 ( 2 ).
5 −5
22 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑓: 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 𝑏𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 4 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓 𝑖𝑓 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡.

23 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 ∗: 𝑅 × 𝑅 → 𝑅 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 2𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒.
24 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑛 𝑁.
25 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓: {1, 2, 3} → {1,2,3}𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 – 𝑜𝑛𝑒.
𝑹𝑬𝑳𝑨𝑻𝑰𝑶𝑵𝑺 𝑨𝑵𝑫 𝑭𝑼𝑵𝑪𝑻𝑰𝑶𝑵𝑺 (𝟏 𝑴𝑨𝑹𝑲 𝑸𝑼𝑬𝑺𝑻𝑰𝑶𝑵𝑺 𝑨𝑵𝑺𝑾𝑬𝑹)

1 𝑛!, where n(A)=n
2 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑛𝑛
2
,
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 39
3 1 or 2
4 (3 ∗ 2) ∗ 1=9
5 𝑛!
6 𝑓(𝑥) = (3 − 𝑥 3 )
1⁄
3 then find 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥))
1
1 1 3 3 1⁄
𝑓 [(3 − 𝑥 3 ) ⁄3 ] = [3 − ((3 − 𝑥 3 ) ⁄3 ) ] = (𝑥 3 ) 3 =𝑥
7 𝑓𝑜𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑓(|5𝑥 − 2|) = |5𝑥 − 2|
8 𝑓𝑜𝑔(7) = 𝑓(𝑔(7)) = 𝑓(7 − 7) = 𝑓(0) = 0 + 7 = 7
9 5 ∗ 7 = 𝐿𝐶𝑀 𝑜𝑓 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 7 = 35
10 As 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 2𝑎 + 𝑏. find (2 ∗ 3) ∗ 4=(2 × 2 + 3) ∗ 4 = 7 ∗ 4 = 2 × 7 + 4 = 18
11 |𝑥−1|
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥−1)
(𝑥 − 1)𝑖𝑓 𝑥 − 1 > 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 1
|𝑥 − 1| = 𝑓(𝑥) = { ,
−(𝑥 − 1)𝑖𝑓 𝑥 − 1 < 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 < 1
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 1, 𝑓(𝑥) = 1, 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑥 < 1, 𝑓(𝑥) = −1
𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) = {−1,1}
12 1
𝑓𝑜𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑓 (𝑥 3 ) =8(𝑥 1/3 )3 = 8𝑥
13 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑋 𝑡𝑜 𝑌 𝑖𝑠 32 = 9
14 As 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝐻𝐶𝐹 𝑜𝑓 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 22 ∗ 4 = 𝐻𝐶𝐹 𝑜𝑓 22 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4 𝑖𝑠 = 2
15 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(3𝑥 + 2) = 3(3𝑥 + 2) + 2 = 9𝑥 + 8
16 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 – 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑓(1) = 4, 𝑓(2) = 5, 𝑓(3) = 6 , 𝑛𝑜 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑓 image.
17 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑒 ∈ 𝑍 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑎∗𝑒 =𝑎 ⇒𝑎+𝑒−5=𝑎 ⇒𝑒 =5
18 {1,2,3}
19 𝑔𝑜𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
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20 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑦 𝑏𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑔 𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜
21 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = |𝑥|
22 𝑥 − 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1, 𝑔(𝑥) = {
1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 1
23 1
24
* 1 2 3 4 5
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 1 2 2 2 2
3 1 2 3 3 3
4 1 2 3 4 4
5 1 2 3 4 5
25 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS (2 MARKS QUESTIONS ANSWER)

1 1 1 2 1 1
> (2) ⇒(2 , 2) ∉R , Hence R is not reflexive
2
2 e=2
3 𝑓𝑜𝑔 =
2𝑥+3
.
3
4 (i) 3 ∗ 4 = 2 × 3 + 4 + 3 × 4 = 22, (𝑖𝑖) 2 ∗ 5 = 2 × 2 + 5 + 2 × 5 = 19

5 S𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓(0) = 𝑓(𝜋) 𝑏𝑢𝑡 0 ≠ 𝜋 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑒
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓 = [−1,1] ≠ 𝑅 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜.
6 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 ∗ 𝑎 = 𝑏 + 𝑏𝑎, 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 ≠ 𝑏 ∗ 𝑎, 𝑠𝑜 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
7 1
Since 𝑎 < 𝑎3 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 = 2 , (𝑎, 𝑎) ∉ 𝑅
8 𝑥 = −3
9 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅 , 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(𝑏), 𝑒 𝑎 = 𝑒 𝑏 ⇒ 𝑎 = 𝑏, 𝑠𝑜 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 − 𝑜𝑛𝑒
𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓 = 𝑅 + ≠ 𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛, 𝑆𝑜 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜
10 3𝑥 2 + 11
11 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑒 , 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅 + ⇒ 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(𝑏) ⇒ log 𝑎 = log 𝑏 ⇒ 𝑎 = 𝑏
12 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 − 𝑏, 5,2 ∈ 𝑁, 𝑏𝑢𝑡 2 − 5 = −3 ∉ N so is not binary.
13 𝐹𝑜𝑟 (𝑎, 𝑎) ∈ 𝑍, 𝑎 − 𝑎 = 0 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟 . 𝑆𝑜 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑣𝑒.
14 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ∈ 𝑄, 𝑓(𝑥1 ) = 𝑓( 𝑥2 ) ⇒ 2𝑥1 − 6 = 2 𝑥2 − 6 ⇒ 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 , 𝑠𝑜 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 – 𝑜𝑛𝑒.
15 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 12 𝑠𝑜 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
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𝑖𝑒. |1 − 1| = 0 ≠ 12 ⇒ (1, 1) ∉ 𝑅,
|1 − 2| = 1 ≠ 12 ⇒ (1, 2), (2, 1) ∉ 𝑅,
|1 − 3| = 2 ≠ 12 ⇒ (1, 3), (3, 1) ∉ 𝑅,
|2 − 3| = 1 ≠ 12 ⇒ (3, 2), (2, 3) ∉ 𝑅,
16 𝑁𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑂𝑛𝑒 − 𝑂𝑛𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑟 𝑂𝑛𝑡𝑜
17 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑠 (1,2) ∈ 𝑅, (2,1) ∈ 𝑅 𝑏𝑢𝑡 (1,1) ∉ 𝑅 𝑆𝑜 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
18 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) =
3𝑥−2
., 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐷𝑓 = 𝑅, 𝑅𝑓 = 𝑅
5
5𝑦+2 5𝑦+2
5y=3x-2 , 𝑥 = , 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅 ⇒ f −1 (y) =
3 3
19 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(𝑏) ⇒ 2𝑎 = 2𝑏 ⇒ 𝑎 = 𝑏, 𝑆𝑜 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 − 𝑜𝑛𝑒

𝑦
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑦 = 2𝑥 ⇒ 𝑥 = ∈ 𝑅 (𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛), 𝑆𝑜 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜.
2
20 𝑙𝑜𝑔|1 + 𝑥| 𝑙𝑜𝑔|1 − 𝑥|
𝑓(−𝑥) = = − = − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑙𝑜𝑔|1 − 𝑥| 𝑙𝑜𝑔|1 + 𝑥|
21. 𝑓𝑜𝑔(5) = 2, 𝑔𝑜𝑓(−5) = 3, 𝐴𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑠 − 1
2 2
22 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑜𝑛𝑒 − 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓 -1(𝑥) =

𝑥−4
3
23 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 3, 5, 8 𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜. 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛(3 ∗ 5) ∗ 8 = 29 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3 ∗ (5 ∗ 9) = 45, ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 ∗is not 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
24 ∗ : 𝑁 × 𝑁 → 𝑁 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 ∗ 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 𝑦
(𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑔. 𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 6)
𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 ÷ 𝑦 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑎 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜. (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑔. 𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 6)
25 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑒 . 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑠𝑎𝑦 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2 . 𝐴𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 3
𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡. 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑛 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 {1, 2, 3}. 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑎, 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛. 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓 𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑒 −
𝑜𝑛𝑒.
7|Page
TOPIC-: INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Q.NO 1 MARK PROBLEMS
1. If 𝑦 = sin−1 𝑥 then write the range of 𝑦
2. −1 1
Find the principal value of sin−1 ( 2 ) + sin−1 ( 2)
√
3. √3
Find the principal value of cos−1 ( 2 ) + cos−1 ( 2 )
−1
√
4. Find the principal value of tan−1(√3) − cot −1 (−√3)
5. Find the principal value of tan−1(−1) + sec −1(−2)
6. Find the principal value of cosec −1 (2) − cosec −1 (−√2)
7. 2
Find the principal value of sec −1 ( 3)
√
8. −1
Find the principal value of cot −1 ( )
√3
9. −1 −1
Find the value of tan−1 (1) + cos−1 ( 2 ) + sin−1 ( 2 )
10. 𝜋 3
Find the value of cos ( 2 − sin−1 7)
11. 3𝜋
Find the value of sin−1 (sin )
5
12. 13𝜋
Find the value of cos −1 (cos )
6
13. 7𝜋
Find the value of cos −1 (cos 6
)
14. 7𝜋
Find the value of tan−1 (tan 6
)
15. Find the principal value of cos −1(cos(−680° ))
16. 3𝜋
Find the value of tan−1 (tan 4
)
17. 43𝜋
Find the value of sin−1 (cos ( 5
))
𝜋
18. If sec −1 (2) + cosec −1 𝑦 = 2
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑦.
𝜋
19. If tan−1 √3 + cot −1 𝑥 = 2
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥
20. 𝜋 −1
Find the value of sin ( 3 − sin−1 ( 2 ))
21. 1
If sin (sin−1 5 + cos −1 𝑥) = 1, then find the value of 𝑥
𝜋
22. If tan−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑦 = 4
; 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥𝑦 <1,find the value of 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦
8|Page
23. Find the value of sin−1 (
−√3
)+ tan−1 (−√3)
2
24. 1
Find the value of tan−1 [2 cos (2 sin−1 )]
2
25. 1
Find the value of tan (2 tan−1 (5))
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Q.NO 2 MARK PROBLEMS
1. 1 2 3
Show that tan−1 (2) + tan−1 (11) = tan−1 (4)
2. 2 7 −29
Show that tan−1 (11) − tan−1 (24) = tan−1 ( 278 )
3. 1 1 31
Show that 2 tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( ) =tan−1 ( )
2 7 17
4. 3 24
Show that 2 sin−1 ( ) = tan−1 ( )
5 7
5. Show that sin−1 (2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 ) = 2 sin−1 𝑥 = 2 cos −1 𝑥
6. 1 1
Prove that 3 sin−1 𝑥 = sin−1 (3𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 ), 𝑥 ∈ [− 2 , 2]
7. 1
Prove that 3 cos−1 𝑥 = cos −1 (4𝑥 3 − 3𝑥) , 𝑥 ∈ [− 2 , 1]
8. 2𝑥 3𝑥 – 𝑥 3 1
Prove that tan−1 (𝑥) + tan−1 (1− 𝑥2 ) =tan−1 ( 1−3𝑥2 ), |𝑥| <
√3
9. 𝑥 𝑥−𝑦 𝜋
Prove that tan−1 (𝑦) − tan−1 (𝑥+𝑦) = 4
10. 1 1−𝑥
Prove that tan−1 √𝑥 = 2 cos−1 (1+𝑥) , 𝑥 ∈ [0,1]
11. 3 3
Find the value of tan (sin−1 5 + cot −1 2)
12. 1 2𝑥 1−𝑦 2
Find the value of tan [sin−1 + cos−1 ] , |𝑥| < 1, 𝑦 > 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥𝑦 < 1
2 1+ 𝑥 2 1+𝑦 2
13. √1+ 𝑥 2 −1
Simplify tan−1 ( 𝑥
) , 𝑥≠0
14. 𝑥
Simplify tan−1 ( ) , |𝑥| < 𝑎
√𝑎 2 −𝑥 2
15. 3𝑎 2 𝑥 –𝑥 3 −𝑎 𝑎
Simplify tan−1 (𝑎3 −3𝑎𝑥 2 ) , 𝑎 > 0; <𝑥<
√3 √3
16. 1
Simplify cot −1 ( ) ,𝑥 >1
√𝑥 2 −1
9|Page
17. 1−cos 𝑥
Simplify tan−1 (√1+cos 𝑥) , 0 < 𝑥 < 𝜋
18. cos 𝑥 −3𝜋 𝜋

Simplify tan−1 (1− sin 𝑥) , 2
<𝑥 < 2
19. cos 𝑥 – sin 𝑥

Simplify tan−1 ( cos 𝑥+sin 𝑥 ) , 0 < 𝑥 < 𝜋
20. 𝑎 cos 𝑥 –𝑏 sin 𝑥 𝑎

Simplify tan−1 (𝑏 cos 𝑥 +𝑎 sin 𝑥) ,if 𝑏 tan 𝑥 > −1
21. Solve 2 tan−1 (cos 𝑥) = tan−1 (2 cosec 𝑥)
22. Solve 2tan−1 (sin 𝑥) = tan−1 (2 sec 𝑥)

𝜋
23. Solve tan−1 (2𝑥) + tan−1 (3𝑥) =
4
24. 3
Solve cos(tan−1 𝑥) = sin (cot −1 (4))
25. 𝑥−1 𝑥 +1 𝜋
If tan−1 (𝑥−2) + tan−1 (𝑥 + 2) = 4
,then find the value of 𝑥
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Q.NO SOLUTIONS FOR 1 MARK QUESTIONS
1. −𝜋 𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋
≤ 𝑦 ≤ OR 𝑦 ∈ [ , ]
2 2 2 2
2. −1 1 𝜋 𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
sin−1 ( ) + sin−1 ( ) = sin−1 (− sin ) + sin−1 (sin ) = + =
2 √2 6 4 6 4 12
3. √3 −1 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 11𝜋
cos−1 ( ) + cos−1 ( ) = cos−1 (cos ) + cos −1 (− cos ) = + =
2 √2 6 4 6 4 12
4. 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋 −𝜋
tan−1 (√3) − cot −1(−√3) = tan−1 (tan ) − cot −1 (− cot ( )) = − =
3 6 3 6 2
5. −𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋
tan−1 (−1) + sec −1(−2) = + =
4 3 12
6. 𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋
cosec −1(2) − cosec −1(−√2) = + =
6 4 12
7. 2 𝜋
sec −1 ( )=
√3 6
8. −1 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋
cot −1 ( ) = cot −1 (− cot ) = cot −1 (cot (𝜋 − )) =
√3 3 3 3
9. −1 −1 𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
tan−1 (1) + cos−1 ( ) + sin−1 ( ) = + − =
2 2 4 3 6 4
10 | P a g e
10. 𝜋 3 3 3
cos ( − sin−1 ) = cos (cos −1 ) =
2 7 7 7
11. 3𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋
sin−1 (sin ) = sin−1 (sin (𝜋 − )) =
5 5 5
12. 13𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
cos−1 (cos ) = cos −1 (cos (2𝜋 + )) =
6 6 6
13. 7𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋
cos−1 (cos ) = cos −1 (cos (2𝜋 − )) =
6 6 6
14. 7𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
tan−1 (tan ) = tan−1 (tan (𝜋 + )) =
6 6 6
15. cos−1(cos(−680° )) = cos −1 (cos(680° )) = cos −1 (cos(4𝜋 − 40° ))=40°
16. 3𝜋 𝜋 −𝜋 −𝜋
tan−1 (tan ) = tan−1 (tan (𝜋 − )) = tan−1 (tan ( )) =
4 4 4 4
17. 43𝜋 3𝜋
sin−1 (cos ( )) = sin−1 (cos ((8𝜋 + )))
5 5
3𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 −𝜋
= sin−1 (cos ( )) = sin−1 (sin ( − )) =
5 2 5 10
𝜋
18. If sec −1 (2) + cosec −1 𝑦 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 2
2
𝜋
19. If tan−1 √3 + cot −1 𝑥 = 2
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = √3
20. 𝜋 −1 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
sin ( − sin−1 ( )) = sin ( + ) = sin = 1
3 2 3 6 2
21. 1 1
If sin (sin−1 5 + cos −1 𝑥) = 1,then 𝑥 = 5
22. 𝜋 𝑥+𝑦 𝜋 𝑥+𝑦

tan−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑦 = 4
⟹ tan−1 (1−𝑥𝑦) = 4 ⟹ 1−𝑥𝑦 = 1 ⟹ 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 = 1
23. −√3 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋
sin−1 ( ) + tan−1 (−√3) = − − = −
2 3 3 3
24. 1 𝜋
tan−1 [2 cos (2 sin−1 )] =
2 4
25. 1 1 𝜃 1
tan (2 tan−1 ( )) = tan (2 tan−1 ( )) = tan 𝜃 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 = tan−1
5 5 2 5
𝜃
2 tan 5
2
Now tan 𝜃 = 𝜃 = 12
1−tan2
2
11 | P a g e
Q.NO SOLUTIONS FOR 2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. 1 2
1 2 + 3
L. H. S = tan −1
( ) + tan ( ) = tan ( 2 11 ) = tan−1 ( ) = 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆
−1 −1
2 11 1 2 4
1 − 2 × 11
𝑥+𝑦
(𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: tan−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑦 = tan−1 ( ))
1 − 𝑥𝑦
2. 2 7
2 7 11 − 24 −29
−1 −1 −1
tan ( ) − tan ( ) = tan ( ) = tan−1 ( ) = 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆
11 24 2 7 278
1 + 11 × 24
𝑥−𝑦
(𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: tan−1 𝑥 − tan−1 𝑦 = tan−1 ( )
1 + 𝑥𝑦
3. 1 1
L.H.S = 2 tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( )
2 7
1
2× 1 2𝑥
= tan−1 ( 1
2
) + tan−1 (7) apply formula: 2 tan−1 (𝑥) = tan−1 (1−𝑥2 )
1−( )2
2
4 1
tan−1 (3) + tan−1 (7)
31 𝑥+𝑦
=tan−1 (17) apply formula tan−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑦 = tan−1 (1−𝑥𝑦)
=R.H.S
4.
3 3 3 2 24 24
2 sin−1 ( ) = sin−1 (2 × √1 − ( ) ) = sin−1 ( ) = tan−1 ( )
5 5 5 25 7
( formula 2 sin−1(𝑥) = sin−1 (2𝑥√1 − (𝑥)2 ) )
5. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = sin 𝜃 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝜃 = sin−1 𝑥
𝑛𝑜𝑤 sin−1 (2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 ) = sin−1 (2 sin 𝜃√1 − sin2 𝜃) =
sin−1(2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃) = sin−1(sin 2𝜃) = 2𝜃 = 2 sin−1 𝑥
Similarly By taking 𝑥 = cos 𝜃 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 sin−1(2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 ) = 2 cos−1 𝑥
6. As above problem by taking 𝑥 = sin 𝜃 𝑤𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑔𝑒𝑡 3 sin−1 𝑥 = sin−1(3𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 )
Use formula sin 3𝜃 = 3 sin 𝜃 − 4 sin3 𝜃
7. As above problem by taking 𝑥 = cos 𝜃 𝑤𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑔𝑒𝑡 3 cos −1 𝑥 = cos−1(4𝑥 3 − 3𝑥)
Use formula cos 3𝜃 = 4 cos3 𝜃 − 3 cos 𝜃
8. 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = tan 𝜃 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑥
12 | P a g e
3𝑥 – 𝑥 3 3 tan 𝜃 – tan3 𝜃
tan−1 ( ) = tan−1
( ) = tan−1 (tan 3𝜃) = 3𝜃 = 3 tan−1 𝑥
1 − 3𝑥 2 1 − 3 tan2 𝜃
9. 𝑥−𝑦
Apply the formula tan−1 𝑥 − tan−1 𝑦 = tan−1 (1+𝑥𝑦) and then simplify
10. 1 1−𝑥 1 1 − (√𝑥)2 1

𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆 = cos −1 ( ) = cos−1 ( ) = × 2 tan−1 𝑥 = tan−1 𝑥 = 𝐿𝐻𝑆
2 1+𝑥 2 1 + (√𝑥)2 2
11. 3 3 3 2 17 17
tan (sin−1 + cot −1 ) = tan (tan−1 + tan−1 ) = tan (tan−1 ) =
5 2 4 3 6 6
12.
1 2𝑥 1 − 𝑦2
tan [sin−1 + cos −1
]
2 1 + 𝑥2 1 + 𝑦2
1
=tan 2 [2 tan−1 𝑥 + 2 tan−1 𝑦]
= tan[tan−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑦]
𝑥+𝑦
= tan (tan−1 (1−𝑥𝑦))
𝑥+𝑦
= 1−𝑥𝑦
13. 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = tan 𝜃 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑥
√1 + 𝑥 2 − 1 √1 + tan2 𝜃 − 1 1 − cos 𝜃 𝜃
tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 = tan−1 (tan )
𝑥 tan 𝜃 sin 𝜃 2
𝜃 1
= = tan−1 𝑥
2 2
𝑥
14. Let 𝑥 = 𝑎 sin 𝜃 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝜃 = sin−1 𝑎
𝑥 𝑎 sin 𝜃
tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 ( )
√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 √𝑎2 − 𝑎2 sin2 𝜃
sin 𝜃 𝑥
= tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 (tan 𝜃) = θ = sin−1
cos 𝜃 𝑎
𝑥
15. ANS: 3 tan−1 𝑎
𝑥
Hint:By taking 𝑥 = 𝑎 tan 𝜃 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝜃 = tan−1 (𝑎) and then substitute and simplify as
above problem
16. Ans: sec −1 𝑥
By taking 𝑥 = sec 𝜃 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝜃 = sec −1 𝑥 and then substitute and simplify
13 | P a g e
17. 𝑥
1 − cos 𝑥 2 sin2
tan −1
(√ −1
) = tan (√ 2 ) = tan−1 (tan 𝑥 ) = 𝑥
1 + cos 𝑥 𝑥 2 2
2 cos2 2
18. 𝜋
cos 𝑥 sin (2 − 𝑥) 𝜋 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥
−1 −1
tan ( ) = tan ( 𝜋 ) = tan−1 (tan ( + )) = +
1 − sin 𝑥 1 − cos ( − 𝑥) 4 2 4 2
2
19. cos 𝑥 – sin 𝑥
tan−1 ( )
cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥
by dividing numerator denominator with cos 𝑥

1−tan 𝑥
tan−1 (1+tan 𝑥)
𝜋
= tan−1 (tan ( 4 − 𝑥))
𝜋
=4 − 𝑥
20. 𝑎 cos 𝑥 – 𝑏 sin 𝑥

tan−1 ( )
𝑏 cos 𝑥 + 𝑎 sin 𝑥
Divide with 𝑏 cos 𝑥 both numerator and denominator we get
𝑎
−tan 𝑥 𝑥+𝑦
tan−1 ( 𝑏 𝑎 ) 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: tan−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑦 = tan−1 (1−𝑥𝑦) )
1+ tan 𝑥
𝑏
𝑎
=tan−1 − tan−1 (tan 𝑥)
𝑏
𝑎
=tan−1 𝑏 − 𝑥
21. 2 tan−1 (cos 𝑥) = tan−1(2 cosec 𝑥)

2 cos 𝑥
tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 (2 csc 𝑥)
1 − cos 2 𝑥
2 cos 𝑥 2
tan−1 ( 2 ) = tan−1 ( )
sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥
cot 𝑥 = 1
𝜋
𝑥= 4
22. 2tan−1 (sin 𝑥) = tan−1 (2 sec 𝑥)

2 sin 𝑥 2
tan−1 ( 2
) = tan−1 ( )
1 − sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
14 | P a g e
𝜋
tan 𝑥 = 1 implies 𝑥 =
4
23. 𝜋
tan−1 (2𝑥) + tan−1 (3𝑥) =
4
5𝑥 𝜋 𝑥+𝑦
tan−1 (1−6𝑥2 ) = 4 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: tan−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑦 = tan−1 (1−𝑥𝑦) )
1
By simplifying 𝑥 = 6 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −1
𝑥 = −1 𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑓𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

1
Therefore 𝑥 = 6
24. 3
cos(tan−1 𝑥) = sin (cot −1 ( ))
4
𝜋 3
tan−1 𝑥 = − cot −1 ( )
2 4
𝜋 𝜋 3
− cot −1 𝑥 = − cot −1 ( )
2 2 4
3
𝑥=
4
25. 𝑥−1 𝑥 +1 𝜋
tan−1 ( ) + tan−1 ( )=
𝑥−2 𝑥 + 2 4
𝑥+𝑦
𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: tan−1 𝑥 + tan−1 𝑦 = tan−1 ( )
1 − 𝑥𝑦
After applying formula and simplify then we get
2𝑥 2 − 4 = −3
2𝑥 2 = 1
1
𝑥=±
√2
15 | P a g e
TOPIC-: MATRICES
1 mark questions:
1. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 |2𝐴| = 𝑘 |𝐴| . 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐾 ?
2. Write the element a12 of the matrix A = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]2x2 Whose elements 𝑎𝑖𝑗 are given
𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 𝑒 2𝑖𝑥 . 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑗𝑥 .
3. 7 0 0
𝐼𝑓 𝐴 |𝐴𝑑𝑗𝐴| = [0 7 0] 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 |𝐴𝑑𝑗𝐴|
0 0 7
4. If A is an invertible matrix of order 3x3 and ӀAӀ =9. Then find 𝐴𝑑𝑗|𝐴𝑑𝑗𝐴|
5. If a matrix has 18 elements, what are the possible orders it can have?
6. 3 4 𝑥 19
If [ ] [ ] = [ ] , find the value of x.
2 𝑥 1 25
7. Find the value of x and y that makes the following pair of matrices equal.
𝑥 + 3𝑦 𝑦 4 −1
[ ] =[ ]
7−𝑥 4 0 4
8. 3 4 1 𝑦 7 0
𝐼𝑓 2 [ ] + [ ] = [ ] , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑥 − 𝑦.
5 𝑥 0 1 10 5
9. 1
If A is a 3x3 matrix, whose elements are given by aij = I-3i + jI, then write the value of
3
a23.
10. If matrix A = [1 2 3] write AA’. Where A’ is the transpose of matrix A.
11. 2 3 −5 2 1 −1
If A= [1 4 9 ] and B= [ −3 4 4 ] then find a22 +b21.
0 7 −2 1 5 2
12. If A =[aij] is a 2x2 matrix such that aij = i2 – j2
13. 2 4 −2 5
Let A =[ ] and C = [ ] find 3A – C.
3 2 3 4
14. 1 0 0 𝑥 1
If [0 𝑦
−1 0] [ ] = [0] , find x,y,z.
0 0 1 𝑧 1
15. −2 3 −1 0
If AT = [ ] and B = [ ], find ( A + 2B )T
1 2 1 2
16. 2 3
If A = [ ] , find A + AT
5 7
17. 𝑎 𝑏
If A = [ ] ,Verify that (A - AT)is a skew symmetric matric.
𝑐 𝑑
18. 1 0
If A = [ ], find k such that A2 = 8A + KI
−1 7
19. 3 4
If A = [ ], find f(A), where f(x) = x2 -5x + 7
−4 −3
16 | P a g e
20. 2 0 1
If A = [2 1 3] then find the value of A2 – 3A + 2I
1 −1 0
Answers of 1 mark questions

1. k = 8.
2. a12 = e2x sin2x
3. A |𝐴𝑑𝑗𝐴| = 7I
4. |𝐴𝑑𝑗𝐴| = IAIn-1 = 93-1 = 81.
5. 6.5.18x1, 9x2, 6x3, 3x6, 2x9, 1x18.
6. x=5
7. x= 7, y = -1.
8. 10
9. a23 =1.
10. 1
AA’ = [1 2 3] [2] = [1 4 9]
3
11. a22 +b21 = 4-3=1.
12. [0 −3]
3 0
13. 3[2 4 ] - [−2 5] = [10 7]
3 2 3 4 6 2
14. 𝑥 1
[−𝑦] = [0] Implies x=1, y =0, z= 1.
𝑧 1
15. A + 2B = [−2 1] + 2[−1 0] = [−4 1]
3 2 1 2 5 6
−4 5
( A + 2B )T =[ ].
1 6
16. A + AT = [2 3] + [2 5] = [4 8
]
5 7 3 7 8 14
17. Let (A - AT) = B, show that BT = -B.
18. K = -7.
17 | P a g e
19. [−15 −20]
20 15
20. 2 0 1
[2 1 3 ]
1 −1 0
MATRICES
2 mark questions:
1. Shows that skew symmetric matrix of odd order is always singular.
2. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
If A = [ ] then for what value of x , A is an identity matrix.
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
3. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 −𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 −𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥
Simplify tanx [ ] +secx [ ]
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 −𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 −𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
4. 0 1 −2
For what value of x, is the matrix A= [−1 0 3 ] a skew symmetric matrix?
𝑥 −3 0
5. Construct a 2 × 2 matrix where, aij = I -2i +3j I.
6. 𝑥 3𝑥 − 𝑦 3 2
If [ ] =[ ], find x,y,z,w.
2𝑥 + 𝑧 3𝑦 − 𝑤 4 7
7. If A and B are symmetric matrices, show that AB is symmetric, if AB = BA.
8. 6 5
Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of the matrix A= [ ]
5 4
9. ( i + j)2
Construct a 2x2 matrix, A = [aij] Whose elements are given by aij = 2𝑎𝑖𝑗
10. −3 0
If A = [ ], find A4
0 −3
11. If A is a square matrix such that A2 = A then write the value of (I + A )3 – 7A .
12. 2 0 2 −3 1 0
If A = [ ] and B = [ ] , find the matrix C such that A + B + C
1 0 −1 2 0 1
is a null matrix.
13. 4 2 −1
Express the matrix A = [3 5 7 ] as the sum of a symmetric and a skew
1 −2 1
symmetric matrix.
14. 0 3
If A =[ ], find k, so that KA2 – 5A – 6I2=0
−2 5
15. −2
Given matrix A = [ 4 ] and B = [1 3 −6] verify that (AB)T = BTAT
5
18 | P a g e
16. 1 2
Given matrix A =[ ], find f (A), if f(x) = 2x2 - 3x +5.
3 4
17. 2 −1 −1 −8 −10
Find the matrix X such that [ 0 1 ]X =[ 3 4 0 ]
−2 4 10 20 10
18. cos Ѳ 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛Ѳ
If A = [ ] where i = √−1 , By the principle of Mathematical induction
𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛Ѳ cos Ѳ
cosn Ѳ 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛Ѳ
prove that An =[ ].
𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛Ѳ cosn Ѳ
19. Construct a matrix A = [𝑎𝑖𝑗]2x2 whose elements aij are given by aij are given by aij
𝑒 2𝑖𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑗𝑥.
20. If A = [2 − 𝑘 2
] is a singular matrix, then find the value of 5k – k2 ?
1 3−𝑘
Answers of 2 mark questions

1. Let A be a skew-symmetric matrix of order n
Then, A’ = -A
IA’I =I –AI
IAI = (-1)n IAI
IAI = -IAI => 2IAI = 0
IAI=0, Hence A is a singular matrix.
2. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
If A = [ ]=I
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1 0
If A = [ ]==[ ]
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 0 1
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 1 , 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 0 X= 0𝑜 .
3. 0 −1
[ ]
−1 0
4. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥, 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = −𝑎𝑗𝑖 ,
𝑥 = −(−2) = 2.
5. 1 4
Required matrix = [ ]
1 2
6. x=3, y=7, z=-2, w=14.
7. A’ =A, B’ =B and if AB is symmetric, then (AB)’ = AB --------------(i)
Also, (AB)’ = B’A’ = BA -----------------------------------------------(ii)
From (i) and (ii), AB= BA
8. Using A = IA
19 | P a g e
−4 5
A-1 = [ ]
5 −6
9 a11 = (1+1)2/2 = 2, a12 = (1+2)2/2 = 9/2, a21= (2+1)2/2 =9/2, a22 = (2+2)2/2 = 8
2 9/2
[ ]
9/2 8
10. −3 0 −3 0 9 0
A2 = [ ][ ] = [ ]
0 −3 0 −3 0 9
9 0 9 0 81 0
A4 = [ ][ ]=[ ]
0 9 0 9 0 81
11. ( I + A )3 – 7A = I3 + 3I2A + 3IA2+ A3 – 7A = I +3A + 3A + A – 7A = I
12. 0 0 0 −1 1 2 1 −1 −2
C=O–(A+B)=[ ] -[ ] = [ ]
0 0 0 3 0 0 −3 0 0
13. 4 5/2 0 0 −1/2 −1

Symmetric part = [5/2 5 5/2], Skew-symmetric part = [1/2 0 9/2]
0 5/2 1 1 9/2 0
14. K=1
15. Show that LHS = RHS.
16. 16 14
[ ]
21 37
17. 1 −2 −5
X =[ ]
3 4 0
18. By using principle of mathematical induction get the result of An.
2𝑥
19. A= [𝑒 4𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 ]
𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑒 4𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
20 5k- k2 =4.
20 | P a g e
TOPIC-: DETERMINANTS
ONE MARK QUESTIONS:

1. Evaluate the following determinants: (one mark each)
2 4
(i) | |
−1 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
(ii) | |
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠15° 𝑠𝑖𝑛15°
(iii) | |
𝑠𝑖𝑛75° 𝑐𝑜𝑠75°
𝑐𝑜𝑠80° −𝑐𝑜𝑠10°
(iv) | |
𝑠𝑖𝑛80° 𝑠𝑖𝑛10°
𝑥 𝑥+1
(v) | |
𝑥−1 𝑥
𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑
(vi) | |
−𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑 𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏
2 3 2
(vii) | |
4 −5
2 −1 −2
(viii) |0 2 −1|
3 −5 0
2 −1 3 2
(ix) |1 0 1|
4 2 −1
0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
(x) |−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 |
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 0
2 4 2𝑥 4
2. 𝐼𝑓 | | = | |, Then find the value(s) of x.
5 1 6 𝑥
𝑥 − 2 −3
3. 𝐼𝑓 | | = 3, Then find the integral value(s) of x.
3𝑥 2𝑥
2𝑥 + 5 3
4. If | | = 0, find x.
5𝑥 + 2 9
21 | P a g e
3 𝑥 3 2
5. Find the value of x for which| | = | |.
𝑥 1 4 1
𝑥 𝑥 3 4
6. If| | = | |, write the positive value of x.
1 𝑥 1 2
1 −2
7. Write the minor and cofactor of the element a21 of [ ]
4 3
2 −3 5
8. Find the value of a11A11 + a12A12 of [6 0 4]
1 5 −7
9. Check whether the following matrix is singular.

2 −1 −2
[0 2 −1]
3 −5 0
𝑥 1 2
10. Find the value(s) of x for which the matrix A = [1 0 3] is singular.
5 −1 4
1 −2 3
11. For what value of x, the matrix A = [1 2 1 ] is singular?
𝑥 2 −3
12. Using determinants, find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (0, 0), (4, 3) and (8, 0).
13. Show that the points (1, 0), (6, 0) and (0, 0) are collinear.
14. Let A be square matrix of order 3 X 3. Write the value of|2𝐴|, where |𝐴| = 4.
15. Let A is square matrix of order 3, |𝐴| ≠ 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 |3𝐴| = 𝑘|𝐴|, then write the value of k.
16. If A and B are square matrices of order 3 such that |𝐴| = −1 and |𝐵| = 3, then find the value
of|7𝐴𝐵|.
17. If a matrix A of order 3 X 3 has determinant 2, then find the value of|𝐴 (8𝐼)|.
18. If A is a skew-symmetric matrix of order 3, write the value of 𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴).
19. If A is a square matrix and |𝐴| = 2, then write the value of|𝐴𝐴′|, where A’ is the transpose of matrix
A.
20. If A is a non-singular matrix such that |𝐴| = 5, then find|𝐴−1 |.
21. If A is an invertible matrix of order 3 X 3 and |𝐴| = 5, then find|𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴|.
22. If A is an invertible matrix of order 3 and |𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴| = 64, then find|𝐴|.
22 | P a g e
23. If A is a square matrix such that 𝐴(𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴) = 8𝐼, where I denotes the identity matrix of the same
order, then find the value of|𝐴|.
24. If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that |𝐴| = 3, then find|𝐴(𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴)|.
25. If A is an invertible matrix of order 3 X 3 and |𝐴| = 7, then find adj (adjA).
26. If A is an invertible matrix of order 3 X 3 and |𝐴| = 4, then find |𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴)|
27. Use matrix method to examine the given system of equations for consistency or inconsistency.
5x + 2y = 2, 3x + 2y = 5
1 3 5
28. Using properties of determinants, prove that | 2 6 10| = 0
31 11 38
8 2 7
29. Using properties of determinants, prove that |12 3 5| = 0
16 4 3
2 3 7
30. Using properties of determinants, prove that |13 17 5 | = 0
15 20 12
ANSWERS: (1 MARK QUESTIONS)

1.
2 4
(i) | | = (2)(2) – (−1)(4) = 8
−1 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
(ii) | | = (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) – (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)(−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) = sin2θ + cos2θ = 1.
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠15° 𝑠𝑖𝑛15°
(iii) | | = (𝑐𝑜𝑠15°)(𝑐𝑜𝑠75°) – (𝑠𝑖𝑛15°)(𝑠𝑖𝑛75°) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(15° + 75°) =
𝑠𝑖𝑛75° 𝑐𝑜𝑠75°
𝑐𝑜𝑠90° = 0.
𝑐𝑜𝑠80° −𝑐𝑜𝑠10°
(iv) | | = (𝑠𝑖𝑛10°)(𝑐𝑜𝑠80°) + (𝑠𝑖𝑛80°)(𝑐𝑜𝑠10°) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(10° + 80°) = sin90° = 1.
𝑠𝑖𝑛80° 𝑠𝑖𝑛10°
𝑥 𝑥+1
(v) | | = (x)(x) – (x – 1)(x – 1) = x2 – (x2 – 1) = 1
𝑥−1 𝑥
𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑
(vi) | | = (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏)(𝑎 – 𝑖𝑏) – (c + id)( −c + id) = (a2 – i2b2) – (−c2 + i2d2)
−𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑 𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏
= (a2 + b2) – (−c2 – d2)
= a2 + b2 + c2 + d2.
2 3 2
(vii) | | = [(2)(−5) – (4)(3)]2 = (−22)2 = 484
4 −5
23 | P a g e
2 −1 −2
(viii) |0 2 −1| = 2(0 – 5) + 1 (0 + 3) – 2 (0 – 6) = 5
3 −5 0
2 −1 3 2
(ix) |1 0 1 | = [2 (0 – 2) + 1 (−1 – 4) + 3 ( 2 – 0)]2 = (−3)2 = 9.
4 2 −1
0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
(x) |−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 | = 0 – 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 (0 – 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽) – 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 – 0)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 0
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 – 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 = 0.
2 4 2𝑥 4
2. Given, | |=| |
5 1 6 𝑥
⇒ −18 = 2x2 – 24
⇒ 2x2 = 6
⇒ x = ± √3
𝑥 − 2 −3
3. Given, | |=3
3𝑥 2𝑥
⇒ 2x2 – 4x + 9x = 3
⇒2x2 + 5x – 3 = 0
⇒ (2𝑥 – 1) ( 𝑥 + 3) = 0
1
⇒𝑥 = , −3
2
2𝑥 + 5 3
4. Given, | |=0
5𝑥 + 2 9
⇒ (9)(2𝑥 + 5) – 3(5𝑥 + 2) = 0
⇒ 18x + 45 – 15x – 6 = 0
⇒ 3x + 39 = 0
⇒ x = −13
3 𝑥 3 2
5. As | |= | |
𝑥 1 4 1
⇒ 3 – x2 = 3 – 8
⇒ 𝑥2 = 8
⇒ x = ±2√2
𝑥 𝑥 3 4
6. As | |=| |
1 𝑥 1 2
⇒ 𝑥2 – 𝑥 = 6 – 4
⇒x2 – x – 2 = 0
⇒(𝑥 – 2)(𝑥 + 1) = 0
⇒ x = 2, - 1
So, x = 2 (as we are asked only the positive value)
7. Minor of a21 = M21 = −2

Cofactor of a21 = A21 = (−1)2+1M21 = 2.
24 | P a g e
8. a11A11 + a12A12 = (2)(−20) + (−3)(46) = −40 – 138 = −178
2 −1 −2
9. let A = [0 2 −1]
3 −5 0
2 −1 −2
then |𝐴| = |0 2 −1| = 2(0 – 5) + 1(0 + 3) – 2( 0 – 6) = 5 ≠ 0 . Therefore given matrix is non-
3 −5 0
singular.
𝑥 1 2
10. Given that A = [1 0 3] is singular.
5 −1 4
∴ |𝐴| = 0
𝑥 1 2
⇒ |1 0 3| = 0
5 −1 4
⇒ 𝑥(0 + 3) – 1(4 – 15) + 2(−1 – 0) = 0
⇒ 3x + 9 = 0
⇒ x = −3
1 −2 3
11. Given that A = [1 2 1 ] singular
𝑥 2 −3
∴ |𝐴| = 0
1 −2 3
⟹ |1 2 1 |=0
𝑥 2 −3
⟹ 1(−6 – 2) + 2(−3 – x) + 3(2 −2x) = 0
⟹ −8 – 6 – 2x + 6 – 6x = 0
⟹ −8x = 8
⟹ x = −1
12. Given vertices of triangle are (0,0), (4, 3) and (8, 0)

0 0 1
1 1
Then, ∆ = |4 3 1| = [0 – 0 + 1(0 – 24)] = −12
2 2
8 0 1
Hence, area of triangle = |∆| = 12 sq units
13. Given points are (1, 0), (6, 0) and (0, 0)

1 0 1
1 1
Then, ∆ = 2 |6 0 1| = 2 [1( 0 – 0) – 0 + 1 (0 – 0)] = 0
0 0 1
Hence, given points are collinear.
14. Given that A is a matrix of order 3 X 3 and |𝐴| = 4.

Then, |2𝐴| = 23|𝐴| [∵ |𝑘𝐴| = 𝑘 𝑛 𝐴, where A is n X n matrix]
= (8)(4) = 32.
25 | P a g e
15. Given that A is a matrix of order 3 X 3 and |3𝐴| = k |𝐴|
We have, |3𝐴| = k |𝐴|
⇒ 33|𝐴| = k |𝐴| [∵ |𝑘𝐴| = 𝑘 𝑛 𝐴, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴 𝑖𝑠 𝑛 𝑋 𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥]
⇒ 27 |𝐴| = k |𝐴|
⇒ k = 27
16. Given that A and B are square matrices of order 3 such that |𝐴| = −1 and |𝐵| = 3
Then, |7𝐴𝐵| = 73 |𝐴𝐵| [∵ |𝑘𝐴| = 𝑘 𝑛 𝐴, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴 𝑖𝑠 𝑛 𝑋 𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥]
3
= 7 |𝐴||𝐵|
= (343) (−1) (3) = −1029
17. Given that A is a square matrix of 3 X 3 and |𝐴| = 2

Then, |𝐴(8𝐼)| = |8𝐴𝐼| = |8𝐴|
= 83|𝐴|
= (512) (2)
= 1024
18. Given that A is a skew symmetric matrix of order 3.
∴ AT = −A
⇒ |𝐴𝑇 | = |−𝐴|
⇒ |𝐴| = (−1)3 |𝐴| [∵|𝐴𝑇 | = |𝐴| ]
⇒ |𝐴| = −|𝐴|
⇒ 2|𝐴| = 0
⇒ |𝐴| = 0
19. Given that A is a square matrix such that |𝐴| = 2

Then, |𝐴′𝐴| = |𝐴′||𝐴|
= |𝐴||𝐴|
= (2) (2) = 4
1 1
20. |𝐴−1 | =
|𝐴|
=
5
21. Given, A is an invertible matrix of order 3 X 3 and |𝐴| = 5

Now, |𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴| = |𝐴|𝑛−1 , where n = 3
⇒ = 52
⇒ = 25
22. Given, A is an invertible matrix of order 3 X 3 and |𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴| = 64

Now, |𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴| = |𝐴|𝑛−1 , where n = 3
⇒ 64 = |𝐴|2
⇒ |𝐴| = ± 8
23. Given A is a square matrix of order 3 X 3 such that A (adjA) = 8I

Then, |𝐴|I = 8I [∵ 𝐴(𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴) = |𝐴| 𝐼]
⇒ |𝐴| = 8
24. Given A is a square matrix of order 3 X 3 such that |𝐴| = 3

26 | P a g e
Now, |𝐴 (𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴)| =|𝐴|𝑛 , where n = 3.
= (3)3 = 27.

Now, 𝑎𝑑𝑗 (𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴) = |𝐴|𝑛−2A, where n = 3
= (7)(3 – 2) A
= 7A.

2
Now, |𝑎𝑑𝑗 (𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴)| = |𝐴|(𝑛−1) , where n = 3
2
= (4)(3−1) = 44 = 256
27. Given system of equation is

5x + 2y = 2
3x + 2y = 5
5 2 𝑥 2
Which can be written in the matrix form as AX = B where A =[ ], X = [𝑦] and B = [ ]
3 2 5
5 2
Now, |𝐴| = | | = 4 ≠ 0. So, the given system of equations is consistent.
3 2
1 3 5 1 3 5
28. L.H.S. = | 2 6 10 | = 2 | 1 3 5| (On taking 2 common from R2)
31 11 38 31 11 38
=2(0) [as R1 and R2 are identical]

= 0 = R.H.S.
8 2 7 2 2 7
29. L.H.S. = |12 3 5| = 4 |3 3 5| (On taking 4 common from C1)
16 4 3 4 4 3
= 4 (0) [as C1 and C2 are identical]

= 0 = R.H.S.
2 3 7
30. L.H.S. = |13 17 5|
15 20 12
15 20 12
= |13 17 5| [On applying R1 ⟶ R1 + R2]
15 20 12
=0 [as R1 and R3 are identical].
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS:

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
1. Without expanding, show that |𝑎 + 2𝑥 𝑏 + 2𝑦 𝑐 + 2𝑧| = 0.
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
27 | P a g e
𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
2. Prove that the determinant |−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 −𝑥 1 | is independent of𝜃.
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 1 𝑥
−3 𝑦 1 4
3. If | |=| |, then find the possible values of x and y, where x, y ∈ ℕ
𝑥 −1 2 3
4. Using determinants, show that the points (𝑎, 𝑏 + 𝑐), (𝑏, 𝑐 + 𝑎) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑐, 𝑎 + 𝑏) are collinear.
5. Using determinants, find ‘a’ so that points (a, 2), (1, 5) and (2, 4) are collinear.
6. Using determinants, prove that 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 𝛼𝛽 so that points(𝛼, 0), (0, 𝛽) and (1, 1) are collinear.
7. Using determinants, find the equation of the line joining the points (1, 2) and (3, 6).
8. If A and B are square matrices of same order such that |𝐴| = 6 and AB = I , then find the value of |𝐵|
9. 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐴𝑇 𝐴 = 𝐼, write the value of|𝐴|.
𝑥 2
10. If𝐴 = [ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 |𝐴4 | = 625, find the value(s) of x.
2 𝑥
1 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1
11. If∆ = |−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 |, then prove that2 ≤ ∆ ≤ 4, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝜃.
−1 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1
2 −1
12. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 [ ].
4 3
2 5
13. Write 𝐴−1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐴 = [ ].
1 3
5 0 0
14. If A is a matrix of order 3 X 3 and 𝐴(𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴) = [0 5 0] , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 |𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴|
0 0 5
15. If A is a square matrix of order 3 X 3 such that 𝑎𝑑𝑗(4𝐴) = 𝑘 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴, then find k.
15 3
16. If A is a non-singular matrix such that 𝐴−1 = [ ], then find (AT)–1
−2 51
17. Use matrix method to examine the given system of equations for consistency or inconsistency:
x+ 3y = 5 ; 2x + 6y = 8
28 | P a g e
41 1 5
18. Without expanding prove that |79 7 9| = 0
29 5 3
𝑥+𝑦 𝑦+𝑧 𝑧+𝑥
19. Using properties of determinants, prove that | 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 |=0
1 1 1
20. Find the area of the triangle formed by (2, - 6), (5, 4) and (12, 4).
ANSWERS (TWO MARKS QUESTIONS):

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
1. L.H.S. = |𝑎 + 2𝑥 𝑏 + 2𝑦 𝑐 + 2𝑧|
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
On applying R2 ⟶ R2 – R1
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= |2𝑥 2𝑦 2𝑧|
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
Taking 2 common from R2.
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
= 2 |𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 |
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
= 2(0) [as R2 and R3 are identical]
𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
2. We have, |−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 −𝑥 1 | = x (x2 – 1) – sinθ (−x sinθ – cosθ) + cosθ (−sinθ + xcosθ)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 1 𝑥
= −x3 – x + xsin2θ + sinθ cosθ – sinθ cosθ + x cos2θ
= − x3 – x + x (𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃)
= − x3 – x + x
= − x3, which is independent of 𝜃.
−3 𝑦 1 4
3. Given, | |=| |
𝑥 −1 2 3
⟹ 3 – xy = 3 – 8
⟹ xy = 8
Also, given that x and y are natural numbers.
∴ Possible values of x and y are x = 1, y = 8 or x = 2, y = 4 or x = 4, y = 2 or x = 8, y = 1.
4. Given points are (𝑎, 𝑏 + 𝑐), (𝑏, 𝑐 + 𝑎) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑐, 𝑎 + 𝑏)

𝑎 𝑏+𝑐 1
1
Then, ∆ = 2 |𝑏 𝑐 + 𝑎 1|
𝑐 𝑎+𝑏 1
1
= 2 [𝑎(𝑐 + 𝑎 – 𝑎 – 𝑏) – (𝑏 + 𝑐)(𝑏 – 𝑐) + 1(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 – 𝑐2 – 𝑎𝑐)]
1
= 2[ac – ab – b2 + c2 + ab + b2 – c2 – ac]
=0
Hence, given points are collinear.
29 | P a g e
5. Given points (a, 2), (1, 5) and (2, 4) are collinear
𝑎 2 1
1
Then, ∆ = 2 |1 5 1| = 0
2 4 1
1
⟹ 2 [𝑎( 5 – 4) – 2( 1 – 2) + 1( 4 – 10)] = 0
⟹ −4 + a = 0
⟹a=4
6. Given points(𝛼, 0), (0, 𝛽) and (1, 1) are collinear.

𝛼 0 1
1
Then, ∆ = 2 | 0 𝛽 1| = 0
1 1 1
1
⟹ 2 [𝛼(𝛽 − 1) − 0 + 1(0 − 𝛽)] = 0
⟹ [𝛼𝛽 − 𝛼 − 𝛽]= 0
⟹ 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 𝛼𝛽
7. Let (x, y) be any point on the line joining (1, 2) and (3, 6)
So the points (x, y), (1, 2) and (3, 6) are collinear.
𝑥 𝑦 1
1
Hence ∆ = 2 |1 2 1| = 0
3 6 1
1
⟹ 2 [x (2 – 6) – y (1 – 3) + 1
(6 – 6)] = 0
⟹ [−4x + 2y] = 0
⟹ 2x – y = 0 is the equation of the line joining (1, 2) and (3, 6).
8. Given A and B are square matrices of same order such that |𝐴| = 6 and AB = I.
Now, AB = I
⟹ |𝐴𝐵| = |𝐼|
⟹ |𝐴||𝐵| = 1 [∵ |𝐼|= 1]
⇒ 6 |𝐵| = 1
1
⇒ |𝐵| = 6
9. Given that A is a square matrix such that 𝐴𝑇 𝐴 = 𝐼

Now, 𝐴𝑇 𝐴 = 𝐼
⟹ |𝐴𝑇 𝐴| = |𝐼|
⟹ |𝐴𝑇 ||𝐴| = 1 [As |𝐼| = 1]
⟹ |𝐴||𝐴| = 1 [As|𝐴𝑇 | = |𝐴|]
⟹ |𝐴|2 = 1
⟹ |𝐴| = ±1
𝑥 2
10. Given that, 𝐴 = [ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 |𝐴4 | = 625
2 𝑥
⟹ |𝐴4 | = 625
⟹ |𝐴|4 = 625
⟹ |𝐴| = ±5
30 | P a g e
𝑥 2
⟹ [ ] = ±5
2 𝑥
2
⟹ 𝑥 − 4 = ±5
⟹ 𝑥 2 − 4 = 5 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 2 − 4 = −5
⟹ 𝑥 2 = 9 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 2 = −1
⟹ 𝑥 = ±3
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1
11. Given, ∆ = |−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃| = 1(1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 (−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) + 1(𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 1)
−1 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1
= 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 − 0 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 1 = 2 + 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
We know that −1 ≤ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ≤ 1 ∀𝜃

⟹ 0 ≤ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 ≤ 1 ∀ 𝜃
⟹ 1 ≤ 1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 ≤ 2 ∀ 𝜃
⟹ 2 ≤ 2 + 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 ≤ 4 ∀ 𝜃
⟹2 ≤∆≤4 ∀ 𝜃
2 −1
12. Let 𝐴 = [ ]
4 3
A11 = 3, A12 = −4, A21 = 1, A22 = 2
3 1
Hence 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [ ]
−4 2
2 5
13. As 𝐴 = [ ]
1 3
2 5
Then, |𝐴| = | |=6−5=1
1 3
Also, A11 = 3, A12 = −1, A21 = −5, A22 = 2
3 −5
So, 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = [ ]
−1 2
1 3 −5
Hence 𝐴−1 = |𝐴| (𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴) = [ ]
−1 2
5 0 0
14. Given, 𝐴(𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴) = [0 5 0]
0 0 5
Then, 𝐴(𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴) = 5𝐼
⟹ |𝐴| 𝐼 = 5𝐼 [∵ 𝐴(𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴) = |𝐴| 𝐼]
⟹ |𝐴| = 5
𝑛𝑜𝑤, |𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴| = |𝐴|𝑛−1
⟹ |𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴| = 52 = 25
15. Given that A is a square matrix of order 3 X 3 such that 𝑎𝑑𝑗(4𝐴) = 𝑘 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴
⟹ 𝑎𝑑𝑗(4𝐴) = 𝑘 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴
⟹ 4𝑛−1 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = 𝑘 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 ∵ 𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝜆𝐴) = 𝜆𝑛−1 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴
⟹ 4𝑛−1 = 𝑘
⟹ 43−1 = 𝑘
⟹ 𝑘 = 16
31 | P a g e
15 3
16. Given, 𝐴−1 = [ ]
−2 51
𝑇 15 3 𝑇 15 −2
Then, (𝐴𝑇 )−1 = 𝑎−1 = [ ] = [ ]
−2 51 3 51
17. Given system of equation is

x + 3y = 5
2x + 6y = 8
1 3 𝑥 5
Which can be written in the matrix form as AX = B where A =[ ], X = [𝑦] and B = [ ]
2 6 8
1 3
Now, |𝐴| = | | = 0.
2 6
So, we will calculate (𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴)𝐵.
A11 = 6, A12 = –2, A21 = –3, A22 = 1
6 −3
So, 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 = [ ]
−2 1
6 −3 5 6
Now, (𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴)𝐵 = [ ][ ] = [ ] ≠ 𝑂
−2 1 8 −2
Therefore, given system of equations is inconsistent and has no solution.
41 1 5
18. L.H.S. = |79 7 9|
29 5 3
C1 ⟶ C1 – C2
40 1 5
= |72 7 9|
24 5 3
Taking 8 common from C1
5 1 5
= 8|9 7 9|
3 5 3
= 8(0) [as C1 and C3 are identical]
= 0 = R.H.S.
𝑥+𝑦 𝑦+𝑧 𝑧+𝑥

19. L.H.S. = | 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 |
1 1 1
On applying R1 ⟶ R1 + R2
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 𝑥+𝑦+𝑧
=| 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 |
1 1 1
Taking (x + y + z) common from R1
1 1 1
= (x + y + z) |𝑧 𝑥 𝑦|
1 1 1
= (x + y + z) (0) [as R1 and R3 are identical]
=0
20. Let the given points are A (2, - 6), B (5, 4) and C (12, 4).
32 | P a g e
2 −6 1
1
So, 𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) = 2 | 5 4 1|
12 4 1
1
= 2 [2(4 − 4) + 6(5 − 12) + 1(20 − 48)]
1
= 2 [0 − 42 − 28]
1
= 2 [−70]
= [−35]
Since area of a triangle can’t be negative
So 𝑎𝑟(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) = 35 sq. units
33 | P a g e
TOPIC: CONTINUITY
SAMPLE QUESTION OF 1 MARK
1 Prove that the functionf(x) = 5x − 3 is continuous at x = 5.
x2 −25
2. Find the point of discontinuity of the function defined by f(x) = x+5
Check the continuity of the function f(x) = x n is at x = n where n is a positive

3.
integer.
tan2x
if x ≠ 0
4. For what value of k is the function f(x) = { x continuous at x = 0.
k ifx = 0
1−cosx
, when x ≠ 0
A function f is defined by : f(x) = { x2
5. A, when x = 0
Find the value of A.
sin−1 x
A function f is defined by f(x) = { + ex when x ≠ 0
x
6. 2 when x = 0
Show that f is continuous at x = 0
x
if x < 0
7. Find all points of discontinuity of f, where f is defined by:f(x) = { |x|
−1 if x ≥ 0
3
8. Find all points of discontinuity of f, where f is defined by: f(x) = {x 2 − 3 if x ≤ 2
x + 1 if x > 2
|x|
if x ≠ 0
9. Find all points of discontinuity of f, where f is defined by:f(x) = { x
0 if x = 0
10
x − 1 if x ≤ 1
10. Find all points of discontinuity of f, where f is defined by:f(x) = {
x2 if x ≥ 1
2x if x < 2
11. Is the defined by: f(x) = { 2 if x = 2 discontinuous at x = 2.
x 2 ifx > 2
12. Is the function continuous at x = 1defined by f(x) = 2x + 3
13. Is the function continuous at x = 0 defined by f(x) = x 2
14. Is the function continuous at x = 0 defined by f(x) = |x |
15. Is the function defined by f(x)=x 3 + x 2 − 1 for all R.
16. What is the interval over which f(x) = sin x is continuous.
3x − 2 x ≤ 0
17. At what point function is discontinuous;f(x) = {
x+1 x>0
34 | P a g e
5x − 4 if x ≤ 1
18. Is the function continuous at x = 1: f(x) = { 2
4x − 3x if x > 1
2
19. Is the function continuous at x = 3: f(x) = {2x − 5x − 3 x ≠ 3
0 x=3
x x≤0
20. Is the function continuous at x = 0: f(x) = { 2
x x≥0
ANSWERS OF 1 MARK QUESTIONS
1 LHL=RHL= 𝑓(𝑥)=22
2 Function is continuous at each real number other than(−5)
3 Continuous at 𝑥 = 𝑛
4 K=2
5 A=1/2
6 LHL=RHL= 𝑓(0)=2
7 No point of discontinuity
8 No point of discontinuity
9 Discontinuous at 𝑥 = 0
12 Continuous at 𝑥 = 1
15 Function is continuous
16. (−∞, ∞)
17. 𝐴𝑡 𝑥 = 0
18. Yes, continuous at 𝑥 = 1
SAMPLE QUESTION OF 2 MARKS:
1 Is the function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 5 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 𝜋 ?

2 Discuss the continuity of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥
35 | P a g e
3 Discuss the continuity of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥
4 Discuss the continuity of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥. cos 𝑥
𝑥+𝑘 𝑥 <3
5 If 𝑓(𝑥) = { 4 𝑥 = 3 is continuous at 𝑥 = 3, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑘.
3𝑥 − 5 𝑥 > 3
𝑥 2 −9
6 If 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 3 is continuous at x=3, then find the value of k.
𝑥−3
2𝑥 + 𝑘 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
sin 𝑥
𝑥 ≠ 0 at 𝑥 = 0
7 Examine the continuity of the function: 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥
1 𝑥=0
8 Check the continuity of the function𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 5| at 𝑥 = 5
𝑎𝑥 + 5 𝑖𝑓𝑥 ≤ 2
9 Find the value of 𝑎, so that 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 2.
𝑥 − 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 2
𝑥+2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 1
10 Find the point of discontinuity of the function f defined by f(x)= {
𝑥−2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 1
2|𝑥|+𝑥 2
11 For 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 ≠ 0 examine the continuity of f(x) at x=0.
𝑥
0 𝑥=0
Discuss the continuity of the function at the point 𝑎 defined by
𝑥3
0<𝑥<𝑎
12 𝑎2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑥=𝑎
𝑎3
{2𝑎 − 𝑥 2 𝑥>𝑎
1−cos 𝑥
𝑥≠0
13 If 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥2 is continuous at 𝑥 = 0, then find the value of 𝑘
𝑘 𝑥=0
𝑥+5 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ 1
Is the function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = { a continuous function? If not,
14 𝑥−5 𝑖𝑓𝑥 > 1
find the point(s) of discontinuity.
15 Examine the continuity of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = −1
1
16 Examine the continuity of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+3 , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅.
Give an example of the function which is continuous at 𝑥 =

17
1, 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1
18 State the points of discontinuity for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥] , 𝑖𝑛 − 3 < 𝑥 < 3.
19 Is the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − |𝑥| 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0
𝑥2 − 3 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≠ 3
20. For what value of k is the function 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 3
𝑘 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 3
36 | P a g e
ANSWERS OF 2 MARKS QUESTIONS:
1 Yes, function is continuous at 𝑥 = 𝜋
2 Function is continuous for all R.
5 K=1
6 K=0
7 Function is discontinuous at 𝑥 = 0
8 Function is continuous at 𝑥 = 5. LHL=RHL=𝑓(5) = 0,
9 LHL=RHL= 𝑓(2), 2𝑎 + 5 = 1 = 2𝑎 + 5 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑎 = (−2)
10 𝑥 = 1 is the only point of discontinuity of f.
11 Function is discontinuous at 𝑥 = 0.
12 LHL=RHL= 𝑓(𝑎)=𝑎 Hence 𝑓(𝑥)𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑎.
13 1
𝑘=
2
14 Function is not continuous at x=1.
15 Function is continuous.
16 For 𝑥 = −3 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑. Hence , not continuous for 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅.
17 Absolute value function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 1| 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 =

1 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 1.
18 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥] 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑠. 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 , 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = ±2, ±1,0
19 LHL=RHL= 𝑓(0), function is continuous at 𝑥 = 0.
20 𝑘=6
**********************************************************************************
37 | P a g e
TOPIC- DIFFERENTIABILITY
1 Marks Questions
S.No. Question
2
1. Differentiate: 𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 with respect to x.
2. Differentiate: 5sin 𝑥 w.r.to x
3. For what value of x, f(x) = |2x – 7| is not derivable?
4. Write the derivative of log 𝑥 5, x > 0.

Write the derivative of Sin (𝑥 7 +1) w.r. to x.
5.
6. Differentiate Sin (log x), w. r. to x.
7. Differentiate cos −1 √𝑥, w.r. to x.

−1 𝑥
8. Differentiate 𝑒 𝑚 tan , w.r. to x.
9. Differentiate 𝑒 √𝑥+3, w.r. to x.
10. Differentiate 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥, w. r. to 𝑒 𝑥
11. Differentiate log 7 (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥), w.r. to x.
12. Write the Second derivative of log x, with respect of x.
13. For what value of x, f (x) = |x| is not differentiable?
14. For what value of x in (0, 2), f (x) = [𝑥] is not differentiable?
Write an example of a function which is continuous at any point but not
15. differentiable at same point.
16. Write the statement of Rolle’s Theorem.
17. Write the statement of Mean Value Theorem.
18. Differentiate cos −1(sin 𝑥), w.r. to x.

𝑑𝑦
19. Find 𝑑𝑥 if x=𝑡 2 , and y= 𝑡 3
20. What is the derivative of sin x w. r. t. Cos x?

𝑑𝑦
21. If 𝑦 = cos(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 ) find 𝑑𝑥
3𝜋
22. If 𝑓(𝑥) = |cos 𝑥|, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓 ′ ( 4 )
𝜋
23. If 𝑓(𝑥) = |cos 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥|, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓 ′ (6 )
38 | P a g e
𝑑𝑦
24. If 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑐 2 then write the value of 𝑑𝑥
25. If 𝑦 = tan √𝑥 then find its derivative.
ANSWERS FOR 1 MARK SAMPLE PROBLEMS

7 −𝑙𝑜𝑔5
1. 2x 2. 5sin 𝑥 log 𝑒 5 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 3. X = 2 4. 𝑥(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)2
−1 𝑥
2 7 cos(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) −1 𝑚𝑒 𝑚 tan 𝑒 √𝑥+3
5. 7𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥 + 1) 6. 7. 8. 9.
𝑥 2√𝑥 √1−𝑥 1+𝑥 2 2√𝑥+3
1
10 −𝑒 −𝑥
Sinx 11. 12. −1⁄ 2
𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔7𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑥
13. X=0 14. X=1 15. F(x) = |𝑥| at x=0 18. -1 19.
3 𝑑𝑦 1
t 20. – cot 𝑥 21. 𝑑𝑥 = − (𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 ) sin(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑒𝑥 )
2
1 1 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 √𝑥
22. 23. − 2 (1 + √3) 24. = −𝑦 25. 𝑑𝑥 =
√2 𝑑𝑥 2√𝑥
2 Marks Questions
1 𝑑𝑦
If y= sin−1[𝑥√1 − 𝑥 − √𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2 ] and 0<x<1, then find𝑑𝑥 .
2𝑥
2 Differentiate , 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 w.r.t. x
1
3 Differentiate , sin−1 ( )w.r.t. x
√𝑥+1
4 𝑑𝑦
Find 𝑑𝑥 when x and y are connected by the relation given as tan−1(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = a.
5 𝑑𝑦
Find 𝑑𝑥 of a function expressed in parametric form
2𝑡 2𝑡
Sin x= 1+ 𝑡 2 , tan y= 1− 𝑡 2
𝑥⁄ 𝑑𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
6 If x= 𝑒 𝑦 , Prove that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 log 𝑥
7 𝑑2 𝑦
If y =tan−1 𝑥 , find 𝑑𝑥 2 in terms of y alone.
8 4 𝑑𝑦
If x= 4t and y = 𝑡 then find .
𝑑𝑥
𝑥
9 Differentiate 99 w .r. t. x
39 | P a g e
10 1−cos 𝑥
Differentiate cos −1 √ w.r.t. x
2
11 Differentiate cot −1 (𝑎+𝑥) w.r.t. x

𝑎−𝑥
12 Differentiate tan−1 (√1+𝑥2 −1) w.r.t. x

𝑥
13 Differentiate tan−1 (√𝑥 +√𝑎) w.r.t. x

1− 𝑎𝑥 √
14 Differentiate tan−1 ( 4√𝑥 ) w.r.t. x

1−4𝑥
15 If y= tan−1 5𝑥 −1 1 𝑑𝑦 2 3
, <x< then prove that = +
1−6𝑥 2 √6 √6 𝑑𝑥 1+4𝑥 2 1+9𝑥 2
16 Find second order derivative of 𝑒 𝑥 sin 5x

17 If y= A sin x + B Cos x , then find the value of 𝑑2 𝑦 + y
𝑑𝑥 2
18 Find 𝑑𝑦 for the function 2x + 3y = sin 𝑦

𝑑𝑥
19 𝑑𝑦
If 𝑦 = √tan 𝑥 + √tan 𝑥 + √tan 𝑥 + … … … ∞ then find 𝑑𝑥
20 Examine the applicability of Rolle’s Theorem for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4 on

[−2,2]
21 If 𝑥 = 𝑎 cos 𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑏 sin 𝜃 find 𝑑𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝜃 = 𝜋

𝑑𝑥 3
22 If 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥+𝑦 Prove that 𝑑𝑦 = −𝑒 𝑦−𝑥

𝑑𝑥
23 Find the value of C in the Rolle’s Theorem for the function f(x) = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑥 ∈
[0, √3]
24 For the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1 𝑖𝑛 𝑥 ∈ [1,3].Find the value of C for Mean Value
𝑥
Theorem.
25 For the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑥 ∈ [1,3].Find the value of C for Mean
Value Theorem.
Answers for 2 Marks Questions

1 Y= sin−1 𝑥- sin−1 √𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1 1
= -
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥 2 2√𝑥√1−𝑥
2 𝑑𝑦 2
= -2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 sin2x log2
𝑑𝑥
40 | P a g e
3 𝑑𝑦 1
=−
𝑑𝑥 2√𝑥(1 + 𝑥)
4 𝑑𝑦 𝑥
=−
𝑑𝑥 𝑦
5 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Hint; Put t= tan 𝜃 then find 𝑎𝑛𝑑 . =1
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
6 Take log on both sides then it will be 𝑦 = then diff w. r. t. x
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
7 𝑑2𝑦
2
= −2 sin 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑦
𝑑𝑥
8 𝑑𝑦 −4 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 −1
= , =4 then =
𝑑𝑡 𝑡2 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑡2
9 𝑑𝑦 𝑥
= 99 9𝑥 (log 9)2
𝑑𝑥
10 𝑑𝑦 −1
=
𝑑𝑥 2
11 𝑑𝑦 −𝑎 𝑎+𝑥 𝑎−𝑥 𝑥
= Hint; cot −1 ( ) = tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 1 − tan−1
𝑑𝑥 𝑎2 +𝑥 2 𝑎−𝑥 𝑎+𝑥 𝑎
12 𝑑𝑦 1
= Hint; Put x= tan 𝜃 then simplify
𝑑𝑥 2(1+𝑥 2 )
13 𝑑𝑦
=
1
Hint; tan−1 (
√𝑥 +√𝑎
) = tan−1 √𝑥 + tan−1 √𝑎
𝑑𝑥 2√𝑥(1+𝑥) 1−√𝑎𝑥
14 𝑑𝑦
=
2
Hint; tan−1 (
4√𝑥
) =
𝑑𝑥 √𝑥(1+4𝑥) 1−4𝑥
−1
2 tan 2√𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒
15 Hint y= tan−1 3𝑥+tan−1 2𝑥 then prove it

16 𝑑2𝑦
=2𝑒 𝑥 (5cos 5x- 12 sin 5x)
𝑑𝑥 2
41 | P a g e
17 0
18 𝑑𝑦 2
=
𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑦−3
19 𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 2𝑦−1
20 Show all the three conditions

21 𝑑𝑦 −𝑏
=
𝑑𝑥 √3𝑎
23 C = 1
24 C = √3
25 C = 7
3
42 | P a g e
TOPIC-: APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
1 MARK QUESTION:
1 The side of a square is increasing at a rate of 0.2 cm/sec. Find the rate of increase
of perimeter of the square.
2 The radius of the circle is increasing at the rate of 0.7 cm/sec. What is the rate of
increase of its circumference?
1
3 If the radius of a soap bubble is increasing at the rate of cm / sec. At what rate
2
its volume increasing when the radius is 1 cm.
4 A stone is dropped into a quiet lake and waves move in circles at a speed of 4
cm/sec. At the instant when the radius of the circular wave is 10 cm, how fast is
the enclosed area increasing?
5 The total revenue in rupees received from the sale of x units of a product is given
by R(x) = 13x2 + 26x + 15. Find the marginal revenue when x = 7.
6 If a manufacturer’s total cost function is C(x) = 1000 + 40x + x2, where x is the
output, find the marginal cost for producing 20 units.
7 If the rate of change of volume of a sphere is equal to the rate of change of its
radius, find the radius of the sphere.
8 Find the rate of change of the area of a circle with respect to its radius ‘r’ when r
= 4cm.
9 Find the value of “k” for which the function f(x) = x2 – kx + 6, x > 0 is strictly
increasing.
10 Write the interval for which the function f(x) = cos x, 0 x 2π is decreasing.
11 log x
What is the interval on which the function f(x) = is increasing?
x
4 3
12 For which values of x, the functions y = x 4 − x is increasing?
3
1
13 Write the interval for which the function f(x) = is strictly decreasing.
x
14 π
Find the sub-interval of the interval (0, 2 ) in which the function f(x) = sin 3x is
increasing.
15 It is given that at x = 1, the function f(x) = x4 – 62 x2 + kx + 9 attains its maximum
value is the interval [0, 2]. Find the value of k.
16 What is the slope of the tangent to the curve f = x3 – 5x + 3 at the point whose x
co-ordinate is 2?
17 At what point on the curve y = x2 does the tangent make an angle of 45° with the
x-axis?
43 | P a g e
18 Find the equation of the normal to curve x2 = 4y which passes through the point
(1, 2).
19 What is the slope of the normal to the curve y = 5x2 – 4 sin x at x = 0.
20 If the curves y = 2ex and y = ae–x intersect orthogonally (cut at right angles).
What is the value of a?
1
21 Find the slope of the normal to the curve y = 8x2 – 3 at x = 4 .
22 For the curve y = (2x + 1)3 find the rate of change of slope as x = 1.
23 Find the slope of the tangent to the curve y = 3x 4 − 4x at x=4.
24 If y = log e x , then find ∆y when x = 3and ∆x = 0.03.
25 Find the approximate change in the volume V of a cube of side x meters caused
by increasing the side by 2%.
1 MARK QUESTION ANSWER:
1 0.8 cm/sec.
2 4.4 cm/sec.
3 2 cm3/sec.
4 80 cm2/sec.
5 Rs. 208.
6 Rs. 80
7 1
2√𝜋
8 8𝜋cm2/cm
9 k≤0
10 (0, 𝜋]
11 (0, 𝑒]
12 𝑥≥1
13 R
14 𝜋
(0, )
6
15 k= 120
16 7
44 | P a g e
17 1 1
( , )
2 4
18 x + y -3 = 0
19 1
4
20 1
2
21 −1
4
22 72
23 764
24 0.01
25 0.06 x3 m3
2 MARKS QUESTION:
1 Find the rate of change of the total surface area of a cylinder of radius r and height h
with respect to radius when height is equal to the radius of the base of cylinder.
2 Find the rate of change of the area of a circle with respect to its radius. How fast is the
area changing w.r.t. its radius when its radius is 3 cm?
3 An edge of a variable cube is increasing at the rate of 5 cm per second. How fast is the
volume increasing when the side is 15cm?
4 Find the least value of μ such that the function x 2 + μx + 1 is increasing on [1, 2].
5 Find the maximum and minimum values of function f(x) = sin 2x + 5.
6 Find the maximum and minimum values if any of the function f(x) = – |x – 1| + 7,∀ x ∈
R.
7 Without using derivatives, find the maximum and minimum value of y = |3 sin x + 1|.
8 Find a for which f(x) = (x + sin x) + a is increasing.
9 If y = a log x + bx 2 + x has its extreme values at x = -1 and x = 2, then find a and b.
10 Find the maximum and minimum values of f, if any , of the function given by f(x) = |x|,
x∈ R
11 Find the local minimum value of the function f given by f(x) = 3 + |x| , x ∈ R
12 What is the maximum value of the function sin x + cos x?
13 Show that the function g(x) = log x do not have maximum or minima.
45 | P a g e
14 1
Find the absolute maximum and the absolute minimum value of f(x) = 4x - x2, x ∈
2
9
[−2, 2]
15 Find the point on the curve y = 3x2 – 12x × 9 at which the tangent is parallel to x-axis.
16 Find the point on the curve y = 3x2 + 4 at which the tangent is perpendicular to the line
−1
with slope 6 .
17 Find the point on the curve y = x2 where the slope of the tangent is equal to the y co-
ordinate.
π
18 Find the slope of the normal to the curve x = 1 − a sinθ; y = bcos 2 θ at x = 2 .
19 At what points on the curve x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 4y + 1 = 0, the tangents are parallel to y-

axis?
20 Find a point on the curvey = x 3 − 3x, where tangents is parallel to the chord joining
(1, -2) and (2, 7).
21 Find the value of m for which the line y = mx + 1 is a tangent to the curve y2 = 4x.
22 Find the points on the curve 9y2 = x3, where the normal to the curve makes equal
intercepts with the axes.
23 Using differentiations, find the approximate value of√0.082.
24 Using differentiations, find the approximate value of√0.48.
1
25 Use differential to approximate(25)3 .
26 Find the approximate value of f (3.02), where f(x) = 3 x2 + 5x + 3.
27 If the radius of a sphere is measured as 9cm with an error of 0.03 cm, then find the
approximate error in calculating its volume.
2 MARKS QUESTION ANSWER:
1 8𝜋𝑅
2 6𝜋 𝑐𝑚2 /𝑐𝑚
3 3375 𝑐𝑚3 /𝑠𝑒𝑐
4 -2
5 Minimum value = 4, maximum value = 6.
6 Maximum value = 7, minimum value does not exist.
7 Maximum value = 4, minimum valve = 0.
8 𝑎>0
46 | P a g e
1
9 a = 2, b = 2
10 Minimum value 0, no maximum value in R

11 3.
12 √2
14 Absolute minimum value = -10, absolute maximum value = 8
15 (2, – 3)
16 ( 1, 7)
17 ( 0, 0), (2, 4)
−𝑎
18
2𝑏
19 (-1, 2) and (3, 2)
20 (2, 2) and (-2, -2)
21 1
8
22 (4, ± 3)
23 0.2867
24 0.693
25 2.926
26 45.46
27 9.72𝜋 cm3
gsgsgsgsggsgsggsgsgsgsgsggsgsgsgsgsgsggsgsgsgsgsggsgsgsgsgsgsgsggsgsgsgsgsggsgsggsgsgsgsgsgsgsggsg
47 | P a g e
TOPIC-: INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE
SAMPLE QUESTION OF 1 MARK
1. Evaluate : ∫(𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 √𝑥 +𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 √𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
2. Evaluate :∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥)𝑑𝑥

1
3. Evaluate : ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
4. 1− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
Evaluate :∫ dx
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
5. Evaluate : ∫(8𝑥 + 𝑥 8 )dx

1
6. Find the anti derivatives of (√𝑥+ )
√𝑥
1
7. Find the Integration : ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1+4𝑥 2
8. Evaluate :∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑎 𝑑𝑥

−1 𝑥
9. 𝑒 tan
Find the Integration :∫ 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑥 2
10. 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥+2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
Evaluate : ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
1
11. Evaluate : ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
12. Evaluate ∶ ∫ 𝑒 −𝑙𝑜𝑔2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
13. (1+log 𝑥) 2
Evaluate ∶ ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
14. Find ∫ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑑𝑥
15. 1
Evaluate ∶ ∫ ex (tan−1 x + ) dx
1 + x2
4
16.
Evaluate ∶ ∫ x(x − 1) dx
1
2
17. 3 1
Evaluate ∶ ∫ dx
0 4 + 9x 2
48 | P a g e
π
18. 4
Evaluate ∶ ∫ sinx dx
π
−
4
1
19. 𝐼𝑓 ∫0 (3 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑘)𝑑𝑥 = 0 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑙𝑎𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐾.
20. 𝑒2 1
Evaluate: ∫𝑒 𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
𝜋
21. 4
Evaluate ∶ ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
−𝜋
4
𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥
22. Write the value of ∫ 𝑑𝑥
3𝑥 2 +𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥
23. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 √𝑥
Evaluate ∶ ∫ dx
√𝑥
24. 𝑒 2𝑥 −𝑒 −2𝑥
Evaluate ∶ ∫ dx
𝑒 2𝑥 +𝑒 −2𝑥
25. Evaluate ∶ ∫ 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
SAMPLE QUESTION OF 2 MARKS

26. 𝑥 3 sin(tan−1 𝑥 4 )
Evaluate: ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1+ 𝑥 8
1
27. Evaluate: ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√2𝑥−𝑥 2
1
28. Find ∫ (𝑥+1)(𝑥+2) 𝑑𝑥
29. Find ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
30. Evaluate : ∫ sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
31. Evaluate : ∫ dx
𝑥−√𝑥
1
ex −1
2𝑥
33. Evaluate : ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑥 2
𝜋
34.
Evaluate :∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛7 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
𝜋
−
2
49 | P a g e
35. 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
Evaluate :∫ √ 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
1
𝑥 2 +5𝑥+6
𝐾 1 𝜋
37. If ∫0 𝑑𝑥 = then find the value of K.
1+4𝑥 2 8
38. Evaluate : ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑑𝑥
39. Evaluate : ∫(1 − 𝑥) √𝑥 𝑑𝑥
40. 𝑥 3 −𝑥 2 +𝑥−1
𝑥−1
∞ 1
41. Evaluate :∫0 𝑑𝑥
𝑎2 +(𝑏𝑥)2
𝜋
42. Evaluate:∫02 √1 + sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
43. √2
∫0 [𝑥 2 ]𝑑𝑥 Where [ ] is greatest integer function.
44. Find ∫ 𝑒 [log(𝑥+1)−log 𝑥] 𝑑𝑥

1
𝑥(1+𝑥 7 )
𝑎 𝑥
46. Evaluate : ∫−𝑎 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎2 −𝑥 2
𝜋
47. Evaluate : ∫0 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
1
√4−𝑥 2
49. log(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
Evaluate: ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
50. 𝑒𝑥
𝑎𝑥
ANSWER OF 1 MARK
𝜋𝑥
1. + 𝑐 2. −𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 – 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐 3. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + c 4. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥+ C
2
8𝑥 𝑥9 𝟐 𝟑 𝟏
1
5. + + 𝐶 6. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + C 7. 𝑙𝑜𝑔|2𝑥 + √1 + 4𝑥 2 |+ C
𝑙𝑜𝑔8 9 𝟑 2
50 | P a g e
𝑥 𝑎+1 𝑎𝑥 −1 𝑥
8. + log 𝑎 + 𝐶 9. 𝑒 tan + 𝐶 10. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + c 11. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 + C
𝑎+1
1 1
12. 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + C 13. (1 + log 𝑥)3 + 𝐶 14. xlogx − x + C 15. ex tan−1 x + C
3
27 𝜋 1
16. 17. 18. 0 19. K= -2 20. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 21. 0 22. [log{3𝑥 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛6𝑥}] + 𝐶
2 24 6
1 1 𝑥√1−𝑥 2
23. 2 tan √𝑥 +C 24. 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑒 −2𝑥 | + 𝐶 25. (2𝑥 2 − 1)𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 + +C
2 4 4
ANSWER OF 2 MARKS
1 𝑥+1
26. − 4 cos(tan−1 𝑥 4 ) + 𝐶 27. sin−1(𝑥 − 1) + 𝐶 28. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 |𝑥+2| + 𝐶
𝑒𝑥
29. (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) + 𝐶 30. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 |𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥|+ C 31. 2log|√𝑥 − 1| + 𝑐
2
𝑒𝑥 −1
32. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 | 𝑒𝑥 | + 𝐶 33. 2𝑥 tan−1 𝑥 − log(1 + 𝑥 2 ) + 𝑐 34. 0
𝑥 𝑥+2 1 𝜋𝑥 𝑥2
35. 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2) + C 36. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 | | + 𝐶 37. 38. − +C
𝑥+3 2 2 2
2 3
2 5 𝑥3 𝜋
39. 𝑥2 − 5 𝑥2 + C 40. +𝑥+𝐶 41. 42. 2
3 3 2𝑎𝑏
1 𝑥7
43. √2 − 1 44. 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + C 45. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 |1+𝑥7 | + C 46. 0 47. 𝜋 − 2
7
𝑒
[log(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)]2 ( 𝑎)𝑥
48. sin−1 𝑥/2 + 𝑐 49. +C 50. 𝑒 +C
2 𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝑎
51 | P a g e
TOPIC-: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
SAMPLE QUESTIONS OF 1 MARK
1. 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Find the degree and order of the differential equation 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑥(𝑑𝑥 )2 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 0.
2. 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Find the degree and order of the differential equation(𝑑𝑥 2 )2 + cos (𝑑𝑥 ) = 0.
3. Find the degree and order of the differential equation (𝑦 ′′′ )2 + (𝑦 ′′ )3 + (𝑦 ′ )4 + 𝑦 5 = 0.
4. Verify that the function 𝑦 = acos 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥, where 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅 is a solution of the differential equation:
𝑑2 𝑦
+ 𝑦 = 0.
𝑑𝑥 2
5. Verify that the function 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 is a solution of the differential equation:𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 2 + 1 = 0.
𝑥𝑦
6. Verify that the function 𝑦 = √1 + 𝑥 2 is a solution of the differential equation: 𝑦 ′ = 1+𝑥 2 .
7. Form the differential equation representing the family of curves𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥, where, m is arbitrary
constant.
8. Form the differential equation representing the family of curves 𝑦 = asin(𝑥 + 𝑏), where, a,b is
arbitrary constant.
9. Form the differential equation of the family of parabolas having vertex at origin and axis along
positive y-axis.
10. Find general solution of the differential equation: 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥+1 , (𝑦 ≠ 2).

𝑑𝑥 2−𝑦
11. Find general solution of the differential equation: 𝑑𝑦 = 1+𝑦 2 .

𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2
12. Find general solution of the differential equation: 𝑑𝑦 = 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥.

𝑑𝑥 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
13. Find general solution of the differential equation: 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 = 1 (𝑦 ≠ 1).

𝑑𝑥
14. Find the integrating factor of the differential equation: 𝑑𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥.

𝑑𝑥
15. Find the integrating factor of the differential equation: 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 + 2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 log 𝑥.

𝑑𝑥
16. Find the integrating factor of the differential equation: 𝑥 log 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 = 2 log 𝑥.
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
17. Find the integrating factor of the differential equation: (𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 1.

𝑑𝑥
18. Write the solution of the given differential: 𝑑𝑦

+ 𝑃𝑥 = 𝑄.
𝑑𝑥
52 | P a g e
19. Find general solution of the differential equation(𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦) = 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑦.
20. 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 1
Write order and degree of the differential equation: √1 + 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑑𝑥 2 )3.
21. Solve 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = 0.

𝑑𝑥
22. Find the differential equation of the family of curves given by 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑎𝑥 = 0.
23. Verify that xy=c is a solution of the differential equation𝑦𝑑𝑥−𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0.

𝑦
24. 𝑑4 𝑦 𝑑3 𝑦
Find the degree and order of the differential equation: − log (𝑑𝑥 3 ) = 0.
𝑑𝑥 4
25. Find the integrating factor of the differential equation (1 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦𝑥 = 𝑎𝑦, (−1 < 𝑦 < 1).
𝑑𝑦
SAMPLE QUESTIONS OF 2 MARKS
1. 𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑3 𝑦
Find the degree and order of the differential equation: (1 + 3 𝑑𝑥 )3 = (4 𝑑𝑥 3 ).
2. Find the degree and order of the differential equation: 𝑦 ′′ + 2𝑦 ′ + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = 0.
3. Find the degree and order of the differential equation: (𝑦 ′′ )3 + (𝑦 ′ )2 + sin(𝑦 ′ ) + 1 = 0.
4. Verify that the function 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 is a solution of the differential equation

𝑥𝑦 ′ = 𝑦 + √𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 , (𝑥 ≠ 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 > 𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 < −𝑦).
5. Verify that the function 𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = 𝑥 is a solution of the differential equation

(𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 𝑥)𝑦 ′ = 𝑦.
6. Form the differential equation representing the family of curves 𝑦 = asin(𝑥 + 𝑏), where, 𝑎, 𝑏 are
arbitrary constants.
7. Form the differential equation representing the family of curves 𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑥 (𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥), where, 𝑎, 𝑏 are
arbitrary constants.
8. Form the differential equation of the family of circles touching the y-axis at origin.
9. Form the differential equation of the family of ellipses having foci on y-axis and centre at origin.
10. Find the equation of the curve passing through the point (1, 1) and whose differential equation is
𝑥𝑑𝑦 = (2𝑥 2 + 1)𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 ≠ 0).
11. Solve the differential equation𝑒 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦𝑑𝑥 + (1 − 𝑒 𝑥 )𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0.
12. 𝑑𝑦
Solve the differential equation cos (𝑑𝑥 ) = 𝑎, (𝑎 ∈ 𝑅); 𝑦 = 1 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0.
53 | P a g e
13. Find the equation of the curve passing through the point (0, -2) given that at any point (x, y) on the
curve, the product of the slope of its tangent and y coordinate of the point is equal to the x
coordinate of the point.
14. 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
Solve the differential equation 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥 ) + 𝑥.
15. Solve the differential equation 𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥.
16. 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
Solve the differential equation 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 ) = 0.
17. 𝑑𝑦
Solve the differential equation 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 0; 𝑦 = 2𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1.
18. 𝑑𝑦
Find the general solution of the differential equation 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥.
19. 𝑑𝑦
Find the particular solution of the differential equation log(𝑑𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 + 4𝑦, given that 𝑦 =
0 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0.
20. Find the general solution of the differential equation 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0.
21. Find the equation of a curve passing through the origin given that the slope of the tangent to the
curve at any point (x, y) is equal to the sum of the coordinates of the point.
22. 𝑑𝑦
Find the particular solution of the differential equation(𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑒 −𝑦 − 1, given that y=0 when
x=0.
23. A population grows at the rate of 8% per year. How long does it takes for the population to
double?
24. 𝑑𝑦
Solve 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦(log 𝑦 − log 𝑥 + 1)
25. 𝑑𝑦
Solve (𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 = √𝑥 2 + 4.
ANSWERS OF 1 MARK QUESTIONS

1. Deg=1, order=2 2. Deg=not defined, order=2 3. Deg=2,
𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
order=3 7.𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 = 08. 𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑦 = 0 9. 𝑥𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 = 0
10. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 11. 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑐 12.𝑦 =
𝑥 −𝑥 2
2𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 − 𝑥 + 𝑐 13. 𝑦 = 1 + 𝐴𝑒 −𝑥 14. 𝑒
15. 𝑥 2 16. log 𝑥 17.𝑒 −𝑦
18. 𝑦. 𝐼𝐹 = ∫ 𝑄. 𝐼𝐹𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐼𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑥
19. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = log(𝑥 − 𝑦) + 𝑐 20. Ord=2, deg=2

21. log(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑦 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦) = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐 22. 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0
54 | P a g e
24. Ord=4, deg=not defined 25. 𝐼𝐹 = √1 + 𝑦 2
Answers of 2 marks questions

1. Order=3, deg=3, 2. Order=2, deg=1
3.order=2, deg=not defined 6. 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 = 0.
7. 𝑦 ′′ − 4𝑦 ′ + 4𝑦 = 0 8. 2𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′ + 𝑥 2 = 𝑦 2
9. 𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′′ + 𝑥(𝑦 ′ )2 − 𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0. 10. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + log |𝑥|
𝑦−2
11. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 = 𝐶(1 − 𝑒 𝑥 ) 12. cos ( ) = 𝑎.
𝑥
𝑦
13. 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 = 4. 14. sin (𝑥 ) = log |𝑐𝑥|
𝑦 𝑦
15.𝑦 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑐𝑥 2 16. 𝑥 [1 − cos (𝑥 )] = 𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥 )
2𝑥 1
17. 𝑦 = 1−log |𝑥| , 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑥 ≠ 𝑒. 18. 𝑦 = 2 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) + 𝑐𝑒 𝑥
𝑒 3𝑥 𝑒 −4𝑦 7 𝑦2 𝑐
19. + = 12. 20.𝑥 = + 𝑦.
3 4 3
1 2𝑥+1
21. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = 𝑒 𝑥 . 22. 2−𝑒 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)𝑜𝑟 𝑦 = log | | , 𝑥 ≠ −1.
𝑥+1
25
23. 𝑡 = log 2. 24. 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑥𝑒 𝑥 .
2
𝑥
25.𝑦(𝑥 2 + 1) = 2 √𝑥 2 + 4 + 2 log |𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 4 | + 𝑐
55 | P a g e
TOPIC-: VECTOR ALGEBRA
EXPECTED TOPICS IN
1 Mark
 Algebra of Vectors ( Direct Questions on Addition, Subtraction, Dot Product, Cross Product)
 Projection of Vector on another vector.
 Section Formula.
 Unit Vector
2 Marks
 Area of Triangle
 Area of Parallelogram
 Unit vector perpendicular to two given vectors.
 Find cross product when dot product is given and vice versa.
 Direct problems based on Scalar Triple Product.
 To prove Coplanarity of points.
 To find value of an unknown constant when the given points are Coplanar.
 Volume of parallelepiped.
Sample problems on 1Mark Questions

1. Find the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 so that the vectors 2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 𝑦𝑘̂ and 𝑥𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ +5𝑘̂ are equal.
2. For given vectors 𝑎⃗ = (2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ ) and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 unit vector in the direction of
the vector 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ .
3. Find 𝑎 vector in the direction of vector 5𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ which has magnitude 8 units.
4. Find the direction cosines of the vector joining the points A(1, 2, −3) and B(−1, −2, 1)
directed from A to B.
5. Find the position vector of a point R which divides the line joining two points with position
vectors (𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ ) and (−𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ) in the ratio 2: 1
(𝑖) Internally (𝑖𝑖) externally.
6. Find the angle between two vectors 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ with magnitude √3 and 2 respectively, having
𝑎⃗ . 𝑏⃗⃗ = √6 .
7. Find the projection of the vector 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ on the vector 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂.
8. Find the magnitude of vectors 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ having same magnitude such that angle between them is 60° and
1
their scalar product is .
2
9. Find, |𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗|, if 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 7𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ .
10. Find λ and μ if (2𝑖̂ + 6𝑗̂ + 27𝑘̂ ) × (𝑖̂ + 𝜆𝑗̂ + μ𝑘̂ ) = ⃗0⃗
56 | P a g e
11. If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ , 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , 𝑐⃗ = 𝑘̂ + 𝑖̂, find a unit vector in the direction of 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ .
12. Write the value of 𝑖̂ ∙ (𝑗̂ × 𝑘̂ ) + 𝑗̂ ∙ (𝑘̂ × 𝑖̂) + 𝑘̂ ∙ (𝑗̂ × 𝑖̂).
13. Is it possible that |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗| = |𝑎⃗| + |𝑏⃗⃗| ? If yes, when?
14. Find the magnitude of (3𝑘̂ + 4𝑗̂) × (𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ ) .
15. Write the value of 𝑝 for which, 𝑎⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 9𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑝𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ are parallel vectors.
16. Write the value of 𝑝 for which, 𝑎⃗ = 3𝑖̂ − 5𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑝𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ are orthogonal vectors.
17. Find the value of 𝑝 if (1𝑖̂ − 6𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ ) × (𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 𝑝𝑘̂ ) = ⃗0⃗.
18. Show that the vector 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ is equally inclined to the axes OX, OY, and OZ.
19. Find |𝑎⃗|and |𝑏⃗⃗| if (𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗) . (𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗) = 8 andv |𝑎⃗| = 8|𝑏⃗⃗|.
√2
20. Let 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ be two vectors such that |𝑎⃗| = 3 and |𝑏⃗⃗| = 3
and 𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗ is a unit vector. Then what
is the angle between 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ ?
Sample problems on 2Marks Questions

1. If 𝑎⃗ is perpendicular to both 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗, such that |𝑎⃗| = 2, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 3, |𝑐⃗| = 4 and the angle between 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ is
2𝜋
, then prove that 𝑎⃗ ∙ (𝑏⃗⃗ × 𝑐⃗ ) = 12√3 .
3
2. Let μ
⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂, 𝑣⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ and 𝑤 ⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂. If 𝑛⃗⃗ is a unit vector such that μ
⃗⃗ ∙ 𝑛⃗⃗ = 0 and 𝑣⃗ ∙ 𝑛⃗⃗ = 0,
then prove that |𝑤 ⃗⃗⃗ ∙ 𝑛⃗⃗| = 3.
3. If 4𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ , 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ and 3𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ are the position vectors of the vertices, A, B and C of the ∆ ABC
respectively, find the angle between the median AD and the side BC of the ∆ABC.
4. Three vectors 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ satisfy the condition 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = 0

⃗⃗ . Evaluate 𝑎⃗ ∙ 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ ∙ 𝑐⃗ + 𝑐⃗ ∙ 𝑎⃗ , if
|𝑎⃗| = 1, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 4 and |𝑐⃗| = 2.
5. Show that the point A, B, C with position vectors 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , 𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂ and 3𝑖̂ − 4𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂
respectively are the vertices of a right angled triangle.
6. Find the unit vector in the direction of the sum of the vectors 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ and −𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ .
7. If 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃗⃗ = −1𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ and 𝑐⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ such that 𝑎⃗ + 𝜆𝑏⃗⃗ is perpendicular to 𝑐⃗ then
find the value of ʻ𝜆ʼ.
8. Show that |𝑎⃗|𝑏⃗⃗ + |𝑏⃗⃗|𝑎⃗ is perpendicular to |𝑎⃗|𝑏⃗⃗ − |𝑏⃗⃗|𝑎⃗ for any two non-zero vectors 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ .
9. If 𝑎⃗ . 𝑎⃗ = 0 and 𝑎⃗ . 𝑏⃗⃗ = 0 , then what can be concluded about the vector 𝑏⃗⃗ ?
10. If 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗, 𝑐⃗ are unit vectors such that 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = 0

⃗⃗ , then find the value of 𝑎⃗ . 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ . 𝑐⃗ + 𝑐⃗ . 𝑎⃗ .
11. If the vertices A, B, C of a triangle ABC have coordinates (1, 2, 3), (-1, 0, 0) and (0, 1, 2)
respectively, then find ∠ABC.
57 | P a g e
12. Show that the points A (1, 2, 7), B (2, 6, 3) and C (3, 10, -1) are collinear.
13. Find a unit vector perpendicular to each of the vectors 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗ where
𝑎⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂ .
14. Find the area of the triangle with vertices A(1, 1, 1), B (1, 2, 3) and C(2,3,1).
15. Find the area of the parallelogram whose adjacent sides are determined by the vectors
𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 7𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ .
2
16. Prove that (𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗) . (𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗) = |𝑎⃗|2 + |𝑏⃗⃗| if and only if 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗ are perpendicular to each other
given 𝑎⃗ ≠ 0⃗⃗ , 𝑏⃗⃗ ≠ 0
⃗⃗.
17. If “θ” is the angle between any two vectors 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ such that |𝑎⃗ . 𝑏⃗⃗| = |𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗| . Evaluate " θ ".
18. Find the area of a parallelogram with diagonals ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝑑1 = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑑2 = 3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂.
19. Find |𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗| , if two vectors 𝑎⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏⃗⃗ are such that |𝑎⃗| = 2, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 3 and 𝑎⃗ ∙ 𝑏⃗⃗ = 4.
20. If |𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗| = 40, |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗|= 60 and |𝑎⃗| = 22, then find |𝑏⃗⃗|.
21. Let 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ be three vectors such that |𝑎⃗| = 3, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 4 and |𝑐⃗| = 5 and each one of them
being perpendicular to the sum of other two, find |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ |.
22. Find the value of “x” if the points A(3, 2,1), B(4, x, 5), C(4,2, −2) and D (6, 5,-1) are coplanar.
,
23. Find “𝛾” if the vectors 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , 3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖̂ + 𝛾𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ are coplanar.
24. The volume of a parallelepiped whose edges are −12𝑖̂ + 𝛾𝑘̂ , 3𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 15𝑘̂ is 546
cubic units. Find the value “𝛾”
25. Find a vector whose magnitude is 3 units and which is perpendicular to each of 3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂
and 6𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂.
ANSWERS
1Mark Questions
1 8 1 2 2
1. x =2 & y = -5 2. 2
(3𝑖̂ + 𝑘̂) 3. (5𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂) 4. <− ,− , >
√30 3 3 3
1 2 1 𝜋
5. (i) − 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + ̂
𝑘 (ii) −3𝑖̂ + 𝑘̂ 6. 𝜃=
4
7. 0
3 3 3
27 ̂)
(𝑖̂ +𝑗̂ +𝑘
8. 1 9. 19√2 10. 𝜆= 3 & μ = 11.
2 √3
2
12.1 13. Both are Zero (Collinear) 14. √𝟕𝟒 15. p =
3
7 2 2 𝜋
16. 1 17. p= 19. 2√ & 16√ 20. 𝜃= 4
2 63 63
58 | P a g e
2 Marks Questions
𝜋 21 1
3. 4. − 6. (𝑖̂ + 𝑘̂) 7. 𝜆= 8
2 2 √2
3 10 2 2 1
9. 𝑏⃗⃗ Can be any vector 10. − 11. cos −1 ( − ) 13. 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − ̂
𝑘
2 √102 3 3 3
1 𝜋
14. 2
√21 Sq units 15. 15√2 Sq units 17. 𝜃= 4 18. 4√3 Sq units
19. √5 20. 46 21. √50 22. x = 5
23. 15 24. 𝛾 = -3 &179 25. 2𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂

Hints to some selected problems ( 2 Marks Question):
2. 𝑛⃗⃗ is perpendicular to both μ
⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣⃗. => 𝑛⃗⃗ = μ
⃗⃗ × 𝑣⃗. Then use concept of unit vector.
8. Take (|𝑎⃗|𝑏⃗⃗ + |𝑏⃗⃗|𝑎⃗ ). (|𝑎⃗|𝑏⃗⃗ − |𝑏⃗⃗|𝑎⃗ )
16. 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 0

17. sin 𝜃 = cos 𝜃
𝟏
18. Area of Parallelogram = 𝟐 | ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑑1 × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑑2 |
2
21. Use |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ | = ( 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗). ( 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗)
22. Volume of parallelepiped = [𝑎⃗ , 𝑏⃗⃗, 𝑐⃗ ]
59 | P a g e
TOPIC-: 3 – DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
CLASS 12
Q. No Problems of 1 Mark
1. Find the equation of a straight line passing through the point (3, 1, 2) and
parallel to the vector 2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂ in vector form.
2. Find the equation of the line passing through the point (2, −1, 6), and
𝑥+1 𝑦−2 𝑧−4
parallel to the line = = .
2 3 −2
3. Find the equation of the line passing through the points (-3, 1, 2) and (1, -2, -2).
4. If a line makes angles 900, 1350, 450 with the x, y and z-axes respectively, find its
direction cosines.
5. Find the direction cosines of the line whose direction ratios are 2, −1, −2.
6. Find the direction cosines of x, y and z axes.

𝑥+3 𝑦−5 𝑧+6
7. The Cartesian equation of a line is = = . Find the vector equation
2 4 2
for the line.
8. The vector equation of a line is 𝑟⃗ = −2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ + 𝜇(2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂). Find the
Cartesian equation of the line.
9. Find the Cartesian equation of the line which passes through the point (-2, 4, -5)
𝑥+3 𝑦−4 𝑧+8
and parallel to the line given by = = .
3 5 6
10. Find the equation of the line passing through the origin and (5, -2, 3).
𝑥+3 𝑦−1 𝑧+3 𝑥+1 𝑦−4 𝑧−5
11. Find the angle between the lines = = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = = .
3 5 4 1 1 2
𝑥+1 3−𝑦 𝑧−4 𝑥−2 𝑦−1 𝑧+1
12. Find the value of p so that the lines = = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = = are
−6 3 −2 𝑝 1 3
at right angles.
13. Find the direction cosines of the normal to the plane 2x + 3y – z = 5
14. Find the direction cosines of the normal to the plane z = 5
15. Find the distance of the plane x + y + 3z = 5 from the origin.
16. Find the distance of the plane 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 9, 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 (2, 3, −5).
17. Find the vector equation of the plane which is at a distance of 7 units from the
origin and normal to the vector 3𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ − 6𝑘̂.
18. Find the Cartesian equation of the plane 𝑟⃗. (2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂ ) = 1
19. Find the intercepts cut off by the plane 2x + y – z = 5 on the coordinate axis.
60 | P a g e
20. Find the equation of the line passing through the point (1, 2, 3) and
perpendicular to the plane 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 5𝑧 + 9 = 0.
𝑥−2
21. Find the direction ratios of the line which is perpendicular to the lines =
3
𝑦−1 𝑧+3 𝑥−15 𝑦−29 𝑧−5
= and = =
−1 7 3 8 −5
22. Find the direction ratios of the line which is parallel to the planes 3𝑥 − 𝑦 +
7𝑧 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 5𝑧 + 5 = 0.
23. Find the direction ratios of the line which is parallel to the plane 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 7𝑧 =
𝑥−15 𝑦−29 𝑧−5
1 and perpendicular to the line = = .
3 8 −5
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
24. Find the intersection point of the line = = 5 with the plane 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 20
3 2
25. Write the equation of the plane that makes intercepts 2, 3, and 5 on the
coordinate axes respectively.
3 – DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
Q. No Problems of 2 Marks
1. Find the equation of a straight line passing through the point (2, 1, 3) and
parallel to the vector 2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂ in vector and Cartesian form.
2. Find the equation of a straight line passing through the point (-1, 2, 5) and
parallel to the line through the points (3, 1, 2) and (-2, -1, 4).
3. Find the equation of the line passing through the point whose position vector is
−2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂ and parallel to the line through the points whose position vectors
are 3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ and−2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ in vector and Cartesian form.
4. Find the equation of the line passing through the point (-1, 2, 6) and parallel to
𝑥+1 3−𝑦 𝑧−4
the line = = .
2 3 −2
5. Find the equation of the line passing through the points whose position vectors
are −3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂
6. Find the direction cosines of a line which makes equal angles with the
coordinate axes.
7. Show that the points (2, 3, 4), (-1, 1, 2) and (5, 5, 6) are collinear.
61 | P a g e
8. Find the direction cosines of the line joining the points (2, -1, 4) and (-1, 3, 3).
9. Show that the line through the points (4, 7, 8) and (2, 3, 4) is parallel to the line
through the points (-1, -2, 1) and (1, 2, 5).
10. Find the angle between the lines 𝑟⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂ + 𝜆(𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟⃗ =
2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 56𝑘̂ + 𝜇(3𝑖̂ − 5𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂)
𝑥−2 𝑦−1 𝑧+3 𝑥+2 𝑦−4 𝑧−5
11. Find the angle between the lines = = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = =
2 5 −3 −1 8 4
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥−5 𝑦−9 𝑧−3

12. Find the intersection point of the lines 2 = = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = =
2 4 1 8
13. Find the Cartesian equations of the plane that passes through the point
(1, 4, 6) and normal vector to the plane is 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂.
14. Find the angle between the planes 𝑟⃗. (2𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂) = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟⃗. (3𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ +
5𝑘̂) = 3
15. Find the angle between the lines 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑧 − 1 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 + 3 =

0.
16. Find the distance between the planes 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 8𝑧 =
12
𝑥−2 𝑦−1 𝑧+3
17. Find the angle between the lines = = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 +
2 5 −3
𝑧 = 1.
18. Find the angle between the lines whose direction ratios are a, b, c and
𝑏 − 𝑐, 𝑐 − 𝑎, 𝑎 − 𝑏.
𝑥−2 𝑦−1 𝑧+3
19. Find the coordinates of the point where the line = = meets the YZ
2 5 −3
plane.
20. Find the equation of the line passing through the point (1, 2, 3) and parallel to
the plane is 𝑟⃗. (𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) = 2
21. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (-1, 3, 2) and
perpendicular to each of the planes 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0.
22. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (-1, 3, 2) and parallel
𝑥−2 𝑦−1 𝑧+3
to the line = = and perpendicular to the plane 3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0
1 2 3
𝑥−2 𝑦−1 𝑧+3 𝑥−3 𝑦+1 𝑧−5
to the lines = = and = =
1 2 3 3 3 1
62 | P a g e
𝑥+1 𝑦−3 𝑧−2
24. Find the equation of the plane passing through the line = = and
1 2 3
𝑥−3 𝑦+1 𝑧−5
3 3 1
𝑥−2 𝑦−1 𝑧+3
25. Find the perpendicular distance from the line = = to the plane
1 2 2
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4𝑧 = 3
3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
CLASS 12
Answers for 1 mark Problems.
Q. No Answer
1. 𝑟⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ + 𝜆(2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂)

𝑥−2 𝑦+1 𝑧−6
2. = = .
2 3 −2
𝑥+3 𝑦−1 𝑧−2
3. = = .
4 −3 −4
1 1
4. 0, − , .
√2 √2
2 1 2
5. , − 3 , − 3.
3
6. d.c.’s of X axis: 1, 0, 0; d.c.’s of Y axis: 0, 1, 0; d.c.’s of z axis: 0, 0, 1;
7. 𝑟⃗ = −3𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ − 6𝑘̂ + 𝜆(2𝑖̂ + 4𝑗

̂ + 2𝑘̂).
𝑥+2 𝑦−3 𝑧−3
8. = = .
2 1 2
𝑥+2 𝑦−4 𝑧−5
9. = = .
3 5 6
𝑥−5 𝑦+2 𝑧−3

10. = = .
5 −2 3
11. cos−1 ( 15 ).
8√3
1
12. − 2.
2 3 1
13. , ,− .
√14 √14 √14
14. 0, 0, 1
5
15. .
√11
16. 3
17. 𝑟⃗. (3𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ − 6𝑘̂) = 7.
63 | P a g e
18. 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4𝑧 = 1.
19. x-intercept = 5/2, y-intercept = 5, z-intercept = -5

𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3
20. = = .
1 2 −5
21. -51, 36, 27
22. -51, 36, 27
23. -51, 36, 27
24. (6, 4, 10)

𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
25. + 3 + 5 = 1.
2
3-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
CLASS 12
Answers for 2 marks Problems.
Q. No Solution
1. 𝑟⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ + 𝜆(2𝑖

̂ + 3𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂).
𝑥−2 𝑦−1 𝑧−3
= = .
2 3 −4
2. ̂ + 5𝑘̂ + 𝜆(5𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂).

𝑟⃗ = −𝑖̂ + 2𝑗
𝑥+1 𝑦−2 𝑧−5
= = .
5 2 −2
3. ̂ − 2𝑘̂ + 𝜆(5𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂).

𝑟⃗ = −2𝑖̂ + 1𝑗
𝑥+2 𝑦−1 𝑧+2
= = .
5 2 −2
𝑥−𝑥1 𝑦−𝑦1 𝑧−𝑧1
4. = = .
2 −3 −2
𝑥+1 2−𝑦 𝑧−6
= = .
2 3 −2
5. 𝑟⃗ = −3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ + 𝜆( 6𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂).

𝑥+3 𝑦−2 𝑧−3
= = .
6 −1 −4
6. If l, m, n are the d.c.’s of the required line then l = m = n and
64 | P a g e
𝑙 2 + 𝑚2 + 𝑛2 = 1.
𝑙 2 + 𝑙 2 + 𝑙 2 = 1.
1
𝑙 = ±
√3
1 1 1
Therefore required d.c.’s are ± ,± ,±
√3 √3 √3
7. Let A(2, 3, 4), B(-1, 1, 2), C(5, 5, 6) be the given points

d.rs of AB line: 3, 2, 2
d.rs of BC line: 6, 4, 4
d.rs of AB line are proportional to d.rs of BC line
Therefore AB line is parallel to BC line and B is a common point
Hence given points are collinear.
8. (2, -1, 4) and (-1, 3, 3).

d.rs of given line: 3, -4, 1
3 −4 1
d.c.’s of given line: , ,
√26 √26 √26
9. Let A (4, 7, 8), B (2, 3, 4), C (-1, -2, 1), D (1, 2, 5).
d.rs of AB line: 2, 4, 4
d.rs of BC line: 2, 4, 4
d.rs of AB line are proportional to d.rs of BC line
Therefore AB line is parallel to BC line.
10.
𝑎⃗1 = 3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂, 𝑏⃗⃗1 = 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂.
𝑎⃗2 = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 56𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃗⃗2 = 3𝑖̂ − 5𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂.
Let  be the required angle.
⃗⃗ .𝑏
𝑏 ⃗⃗
cos 𝜃 = |𝑏⃗⃗ 1|.|𝑏⃗⃗2 |.
1 2
65 | P a g e
(𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂). (3𝑖̂ − 5𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂) 3+5+8 16
cos 𝜃 = = =
|𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂||3𝑖̂ − 5𝑗̂ − 4𝑘̂| √5√50 5√10
11. 𝑎1 = 2, 𝑏1 = 5, 𝑐1 = −3, 𝑎2 = −1, 𝑏2 = 8, 𝑐2 = 4,

𝑎1 𝑎2 + 𝑏1 𝑏2 + 𝑐1 𝑐2 (2)(−1) + (5)(8) + (−3)(4)

cos 𝜃 = | |=| |
√𝑎12 + 𝑏12 + 𝑐12 √𝑎22 + 𝑏22 + 𝑐22 √4 + 25 + 9√1 + 64 + 16
26
=
√38√101
26
𝜃 = cos −1 ( )
√38√101
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥−5 𝑦−9 𝑧−3
12. Find the intersection point of the lines 2 = = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = =
2 4 1 8
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐿1 ≡ = = = 𝑡(𝑠𝑎𝑦)
2 2 1
𝑥−5 𝑦−9 𝑧−3
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿2 ≡ = =
4 1 8
𝐴𝑛𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝐿1 = 𝑃(2𝑡, 2𝑡, 𝑡)
𝐼𝑓 𝑃 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑃 𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝐿2
𝑡−5 𝑡−9 𝑡−3 𝑡−5 𝑡−9 𝑡−9 𝑡−3
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 = = ⇒ = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 =
4 1 8 4 1 1 8
31 69
⇒ 𝑡= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡 =
3 7
Therefore there is no intersection point between the given lines.
13. Let A (1, 4, 6) and normal vector to the plane is 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂.
Equation of the plane is
𝐴(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) + 𝐵(𝑦 − 𝑦1 ) + 𝐶(𝑧 − 𝑧1 ) = 0

⟹ 1(𝑥 − 1) − 2(𝑦 − 4) + 1(𝑧 − 6) = 0 .
⇒ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧 + 3 = 0.
66 | P a g e
14. 𝑟⃗. (2𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂) = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟⃗. (3𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂) = 3
𝑏⃗⃗1 = 2𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃗⃗2 = 3𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂.
⃗⃗ .𝑏
𝑏 ⃗⃗
cos 𝜃 = |𝑏⃗⃗ 1|.|𝑏⃗⃗2 |.
1 2
(2𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂). (3𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂) 6 − 6 − 15 15

cos 𝜃 = | | =| |=
|2𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂||3𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂| √17√43 √17√43
15
𝜃 = cos−1 ( )
√17√43
15. 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑧 − 1 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 + 3 = 0.
𝑎1 = 2, 𝑏1 = −1, 𝑐1 = 3, 𝑎2 = 3, 𝑏2 = −1, 𝑐2 = 1,
𝑎1 𝑎2 + 𝑏1 𝑏2 + 𝑐1 𝑐2 (2)(3) + (−1)(−1) + (3)(1)

cos 𝜃 = | |=| |
√𝑎12 + 𝑏12 + 𝑐12 √𝑎22 + 𝑏22 + 𝑐22 √4 + 1 + 9 √9 + 1 + 1
10
=
√14√11
10
𝜃 = cos−1 ( )
√14√11
16. 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 8𝑧 = 12
4𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 8𝑧 = 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 8𝑧 = 12
𝑎 = 4, 𝑏 = 6, 𝑐 = 8, 𝑑1 = 8 𝑑2 = 12
|𝑑2 − 𝑑1 | |12 − 8| 4 2
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = = = = 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
√𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 √16 + 36 + 64 √116 √29
17. 𝑥−2 𝑦−1 𝑧+3

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐿 ≡ = = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 Π ≡ 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1
2 5 −3
𝑎1 = 2, 𝑏1 = 5, 𝑐1 = −3, 𝑎2 = 2, 𝑏2 = 3, 𝑐2 = 1,
67 | P a g e
𝑎1 𝑎2 + 𝑏1 𝑏2 + 𝑐1 𝑐2 (2)(2) + (5)(3) + (−3)(1)

sin 𝜃 = | |=| |
√𝑎12 + 𝑏12 + 𝑐12 √𝑎22 + 𝑏22 + 𝑐22 √4 + 25 + 9√4 + 9 + 1
16
=
√38√14
16
𝜃 = sin−1 ( )
√38√14
18. 𝑎1 = 𝑎, 𝑏1 = 𝑏, 𝑐1 = 𝑐, 𝑎2 = 𝑏 − 𝑐, 𝑏2 = 𝑐 − 𝑎, 𝑐2 = 𝑎 − 𝑏,
𝑎1 𝑎2 + 𝑏1 𝑏2 + 𝑐1 𝑐2
cos 𝜃 = | |
√𝑎12 + 𝑏12 + 𝑐12 √𝑎22 + 𝑏22 + 𝑐22
(𝑎)(𝑏 − 𝑐) + (𝑏)(𝑐 − 𝑎) + (𝑐)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
=| |
√𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 √(𝑏 − 𝑐)2 + (𝑐 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑎 − 𝑏)2
𝑎𝑏 − 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑏𝑎 + 𝑐𝑎 − 𝑐𝑏
= =0
√𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 √(𝑏 − 𝑐)2 + (𝑐 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑎 − 𝑏)2
𝜋
𝜃=
2
19. 𝑥−2 𝑦−1 𝑧+3
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐿 ≡ = = =𝑡
2 5 −3
Any point on the line L is 𝑃 = (2𝑡 + 2, 5𝑡 + 1, −3𝑡 − 3)
Let the intersection point is (0, 𝑦, 𝑧)
Therefore 2t+2 = 0 t = -1
Required point = 𝑃 = (2𝑡 + 2, 5𝑡 + 1, −3𝑡 − 3) =
(0, 5(−1) + 1, −3(−1) − 3) = (0, −4 0)
20. Equation of the plane is

𝐴(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) + 𝐵(𝑦 − 𝑦1 ) + 𝐶(𝑧 − 𝑧1 ) = 0 ⇒ 1(𝑥 − 1) + 1(𝑦 − 1) +
1(𝑧 − 1) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3
21. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (-1, 3, 2) and
perpendicular to each of the planes 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0.
Equation of plane is
68 | P a g e
𝑥 − 𝑥1 𝑦 − 𝑦1 𝑧 − 𝑧1 𝑥+1 𝑦−3 𝑧−1
| 𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1 | = 0 ⇒ | 1 2 3 |=0
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 3 3 1
⇒ + 1)(2 − 9) − − 3)(1 − 9) + (𝑧 − 1)(3 − 6) = 0
(𝑥 (𝑦
⇒ −7𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 3𝑧 − 25 = 0 ⇒ 7𝑥 − 8𝑦 + 3𝑧 + 25 = 0
𝑥−2 𝑦−1 𝑧+3
to the line = = and perpendicular to the plane 3𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0
1 2 3
𝑥 − 𝑥1 𝑦 − 𝑦1 𝑧 − 𝑧1 𝑥+1 𝑦−3 𝑧−1
| 𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1 | = 0 ⇒ | 1 2 3 |=0
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 3 3 1
⇒ (𝑥 + 1)(2 − 9) − (𝑦 − 3)(1 − 9) + (𝑧 − 1)(3 − 6) = 0
⇒ −7𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 3𝑧 − 25 = 0 ⇒ 7𝑥 − 8𝑦 + 3𝑧 + 25 = 0
𝑥−2 𝑦−1 𝑧+3 𝑥−3 𝑦+1 𝑧−5
to the lines = = and = =
1 2 3 3 3 1
𝑥 − 𝑥1 𝑦 − 𝑦1 𝑧 − 𝑧1 𝑥+1 𝑦−3 𝑧−1
| 𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1 | = 0 ⇒ | 1 2 3 |=0
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 3 3 1
⇒ (𝑥 + 1)(2 − 9) − (𝑦 − 3)(1 − 9) + (𝑧 − 1)(3 − 6) = 0
⇒ −7𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 3𝑧 − 25 = 0 ⇒ 7𝑥 − 8𝑦 + 3𝑧 + 25 = 0
𝑥+1 𝑦−3 𝑧−2

24. Find the equation of the plane passing through the line = = and
1 2 3
𝑥−3 𝑦+1 𝑧−5
3 3 1
𝑥 − 𝑥1 𝑦 − 𝑦1 𝑧 − 𝑧1 𝑥+1 𝑦−3 𝑧−1
| 𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1 | = 0 ⇒ | 1 2 3 |=0
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 3 3 1
⇒ (𝑥 + 1)(2 − 9) − (𝑦 − 3)(1 − 9) + (𝑧 − 1)(3 − 6) = 0
⇒ −7𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 3𝑧 − 25 = 0 ⇒ 7𝑥 − 8𝑦 + 3𝑧 + 25 = 0
𝑥−2 𝑦−1 𝑧+3

25. Find the perpendicular distance from the line = = to the plane
1 2 2
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4𝑧 = 3
𝑎1 = 1, 𝑏1 = 2, 𝑐1 = 2, 𝑎2 = 2, 𝑏2 = 3, 𝑐2 = −4,
𝑎1 𝑎2 + 𝑏1 𝑏2 + 𝑐1 𝑐2 = (1)(2) + (2)(3) + (2)(−4) = 0
Therefore the given line is parallel to the plane.
69 | P a g e
A point on the line (2, 1, −3)
𝑎𝑥1 +𝑏𝑦1 +𝑐𝑧1 +𝑑 2(2)+3(1)−4(−3)−3 8
Required distance = | √𝑎2 +𝑏2 +𝑐 2
|=| |= 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
√4+9+16 √29
70 | P a g e
TOPIC-: LINEAR PROGRAMMING
Very short answer type questions carrying 1 mark
1. What is linear programming?
2. What is an objective function in linear programming?
3. What is feasible solution?
4. What is an optimum solution in an LPP?
5. What are the methods to solve the linear programming problems?
6. What are bounded and unbounded region in the linear programming problems?
7. What are linear inequalities? Give examples.
8. The region represented by the inequation system 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0 , 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 3 is bounded or

unbounded?
9. What are the corner points in the linear programming problems?
10. The point (𝑥, 3)satisfies the ineqality; −5𝑥 − 2𝑦 ≤ 13 . Find the smallest possible value of
?
11. Find , if possible , the minimum value of the objective function 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 , subject to
constraints 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 12 , 𝑥 − 𝑦 ≤ 2 , 𝑥 ≥ 0 , 𝑦 ≥ 0.
12. Draw the graph of inequality 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 6 , 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
13. Find the feasible region of 𝑦 ≤ 2𝑥 , 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
14. What is feasible region in linear programming?
15. Find the point at which the maximum value of 𝑥 + 𝑦, subject to constraints 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 70 ,
2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 95 , 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0 is obtained ?
16. Find the point at which the minimum value of 𝑥 + 𝑦, subject to constraints 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 2 ,
2𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≤ 7 , 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0 is obtained ?
17. What are the constraints in linear programming problems? Give examples.
18. Find the corner points of the region bounded by the inequalities 5𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 100 , 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 60
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0 .
19. Maximize 𝑧 = 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 , subject to constraints 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 4 , 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
20. Solve graphically the inequalities 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 4 , 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
71 | P a g e
Short Answer type questions carrying 2 marks
1. A man has `1500 to purchase rice and wheat. A bag of rice and a bag of wheat cost `180
and `120 resp. He has storage capacity of 200 bags only. He earns a profit of `11 and
`9 per bag of rice and wheat respectively. Formulate an LPP to maximize the profit.
2. Two tailors A and B are paid `225 and `300 per day respectively. A can stitch 9 shirts and 6
pants while B can stitch 15 shirts and 6 pants per day. Form an LPP to minimize the labour
cost to produce 90 shirts and 48 paints.
3. How many corner points are possible for the region bounded by the inequalities,
5𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 100 , 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 60 , 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
4. Show graphically the feasible region bounded by 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 3 , 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 6 , 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
5. Check whether the region bounded by the inequality 𝑥 ≥ 3 , 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 5 𝑦 ≥ 0 is bounded or

unbounded.
6. Minimize 𝑍 = −3𝑥 + 4𝑦, subject to constraints 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 8 ,3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 12 , 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
7. Maximize 𝑍 = 4𝑥 + 𝑦 , subject to constraints 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 50 , 3𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 90 , 𝑥 ≥ 0 , 𝑦 ≥ 0.
8. Maximize 𝑍 = 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 , subject to constraints 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 8 , 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≤ 15 , 𝑥 ≥ 0 , 𝑦 ≥ 0
9. Solve the linear inequalities graphically 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 10 , 3𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 30 , 𝑥 ≥ 0 , 𝑦 ≥ 0.
10. Maximize and minimize 𝑍 = 2𝑥 − 𝑦, subject to constraints 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 2000 , 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 1500,
𝑥 ≥ 0 , 𝑦 ≥ 0.
11. Corner points of feasible region determined by 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 10 , 𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 15 , 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0

are (0,0), (5,0), (3,4)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (0,5). Let 𝑍 = 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞𝑦 , where p,q> 0. Find the condition on p
and q so that the maximum value of Z occurs at (3,4) and (0,5).
12. Maximize 𝑍 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 , subject to constraints 𝑥 − 𝑦 ≤ −1 , −𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 0 , 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
13. Check whether maximum value of 𝑍 = 2𝑥 − 𝑦, subject to constraints 3𝑥 − 𝑦 ≥ 0 , 𝑥 ≥

𝑦, 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0 exists or not.
14. Maximize 𝑍 = 𝑥 + 2𝑦 , subject to constraints 𝑥 − 𝑦 ≥ 0 , 2𝑦 ≤ 𝑥 + 2 , 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
15. A housewife wishes to mix two types food F1 and F2 in such a way that the mixture
contains at least 10 units of vitamin A, 12 units of vitamin B and 8 units of vitamin C.
The vitamin content of one kg of food F1 and F2 are as follows :
Food Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin C
Food F1 1 2 3
Food F2 2 2 1
72 | P a g e
One kg of food F1 cost `16 and One kg of Food F2 costs `20. Formulate the above problem
as a linear programming problem.
16. To maintain one’s health, a person must fulfill certain minimum daily requirements for the
following three nutrients – calcium, protein and calories. His diet consist of only food items
I and II whose prices and nutrient contents are as shown below :
Food I cost Food II cost Minimum daily

` 6 per unit ` 10 per unit requirement
Calcium 10 4 20
Protein 5 5 20
calories 2 6 12
Formulate the above problem as an LPP.
17. Maximize 𝑍 = 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 , subject to constraints 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 2 , 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 3 , 𝑥 ≥ 0 , 𝑦 ≥ 0.
18. Show that 𝑍 = 2𝑥 + 5𝑦 has neither maximum nor minimum value subject to constraints
𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 2 , 3𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≥ 18 , 𝑥 ≥ 0 , 𝑦 ≥ 0
19. If a young man drives his vehicle at 25 km/hr, he has to spend ` 2 per km on petrol. If he
drives it at a faster speed of 40 km/hr, the petrol cost increases to `5 per km. He has `100
To spend on petrol and travel within one hour. Express this is an LPP.
20. An aeroplane can carry a maximum of 200 passengers. A profit of `1000 is made on each
executive class ticket and a profit of ` 600 is made on each economy class ticket. The airline
reserves at least 20 seats for the executive class. However at least 4 times as many
passengers prefer to travel by economy class. Determine how many tickets of each type
must be sold in order to maximize the profit. Make an LPP.
Answer key of 1 mark questions

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1. Linear programming is a mathematical technique to maximize or minimize a linear function of
several variables under the certain conditions and that conditions are linear equalities or
inequalities.
2. A linear function whose value is to be maximized or minimized in a linear programming problem

is known as an objective function.
73 | P a g e
3. A general solution which satisfies all the constraints of a linear programming problem is known
as feasible solution of that linear programming problem.
4. A feasible solution of an LPP at which the minimum or maximum value of an objective function
exists is called an optimum solution.
5. There are two methods to solve a linear programming problem which are as follow :
1. Corner point method.

2. Iso-profit Or Iso -cost method.
6. If the feasible region is closed, then it is bounded and if the feasible region is not closed , then it
is unbounded.
7. A linear inequality is an inequality which involves a linear function and contain one of the
symbol : < less than, > greater than, ≤ less than equal to or ≥ greater than equal to.
8. Bounded region
9. The coordinates from which the feasible region is formed are known as corner points.
10. Smallest possible value of 𝑥 is− 18.

5
11. Minimum value of Z is −𝟒𝟖 at the point (0, 12).
12. It is in the first quadrant bounded by the points (0, 0), (0, 2) and (3, 0).
13. The feasible region of given inequality is unbounded region in first quadrant passing through
(0, 0) and towards right to the line.
14. A feasible region is an area defined by a set of coordinates that satisfy a system of inequalities.
The region satisfies all restrictions imposed by linear programming problems. The concept is an
optimization technique
15. (40,15).
74 | P a g e
16. Minimum value of Z is 0 at (0,0).
17. The restrictions, in the form of linear inequalities, imposed on the optimization of an objective
function in a linear programming problem are known as the constraints.
18. The corner points are (0, 0), (20,0),(0,60) and (10,50).
19. Maximum value of Z is 16 at (0, 4).
20. It is the region bounded by the points (0,2), (0,0) and (4,0).
Answer key of two marks questions
1. Let he buys 𝑥 and 𝑦 be the no. of bags of rice and wheat resp. Then objective function ,
which is to maximize is 𝑍 = 11𝑥 + 9𝑦 ,
subject to constraints 18𝑥 + 15𝑦 ≤ 150 ,
𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 200,
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
2. Let cost of stitching of 1 shirt is `𝑥 and that of 1 pant is `𝑦. Then the objective function ,
which is to minimize is 𝑍 = 90𝑥 + 48𝑦 ,
subject to constraints , 9𝑥 + 6𝑦 ≤ 225 ,
15𝑥 + 6𝑦 ≤ 300 ,
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0 .
3. Four corner points.
The feasible region is unbounded formed by the points (0,3)and (6,0) away from
4. the origin .
5. The region formed by the given inequalities is unbounded.
The minimum value of 𝑍 = −3𝑥 + 4𝑦 is −12 at the point (4,0).

6.
The corner points of the feasible region are (0, 50), (0, 0), (30, 0) and (20, 30). The
7. maximum value of Z is 120 at the point (30, 0).
75 | P a g e
8. There is no feasible region corresponding to the given inequalities. Hence there is
no maximum value of Z subject to the given constraints.
9. The solution of the given inequalities is the region bounded by the points (0, 0),
(10, 0) and (0, 5).
10. The minimum value of Z is −1000 at the point (0, 1000) and maximum value is
3000 at the point (1500,0).
11. q = 3p.
12. There is no common region formed by given inequalities and hence no maximum
value exists subjected to these constraints.
13. Exist.
14. There is no region which is common to given inequalities and hence no maximum or
minimum value exists.
15. Let 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 be the number of units of food F1 and food F2 resp. to mix together to
form the mixture. Then the following LPP is formed :
The objective function is 𝑍 = 16𝑥 + 20𝑦 ,
subject to constraints , 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 10 ,
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 12,
3𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 8,
and 𝑥 ≥ 0 , 𝑦 ≥ 0.
16. Let the person’s diet consists of 𝑥 unit of food I and 𝑦 units of food II. Then the
following LPP is formed :
subject to constraints , 10𝑥 + 4𝑦 ≥ 20 ,
5𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≥ 20,
2𝑥 + 6𝑦 ≥ 12 ,
76 | P a g e
and 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0 .
17. The feasible region which is common to the given constraints are unbounded and
the corner points are (0, 2) , (1, 1) and (3, 0). Since the region is unbounded
therefore Z = 6 may or may not be the maximum value. To check whether Z = 6 is
maximum value, draw the graph of 2𝑥 + 5𝑦 > 6 and which has so many common
points with the given feasible region. Hence maximum value of Z is 6 at the line
joining of (0, 2) and (3, 0).
18. Since the given inequalities have no common feasible region, therefore Z has neither
maximum value nor minimum value under these constraints.
19. Let the young man covers 𝑥 km at the speed of 25 km/hr and 𝑦 km at the speed of
40 km/hr.
The total distance travelled by the man is 𝑥 + 𝑦 , which we have to maximize
Under the certain constraints.
Here , the objective function is 𝑍 =𝑥+𝑦,
Subject to constraints , 2𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≤ 100 ,
𝑥 𝑦
+ ≤ 1 , or 8𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≤ 200 ,
25 40
𝑥 ≥ 0 , 𝑦 ≥ 0.
20. Let 𝑥 passengers travel by executive class ticket and 𝑦 passengers travel by
economy class ticket. Then following LPP is formed :
The objective function is , 𝑍 = 1000𝑥 + 600𝑦 ,
subject to constraints , 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 200 ,
𝑥 ≥ 20 ,
𝑦 − 4𝑥 ≥ 0 or 𝑦 ≥ 4𝑥
𝑥 ≥ 0 , 𝑦 ≥ 0.
77 | P a g e
Answer key of 1 mark questions
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1. Linear programming is a mathematical technique to maximize or minimize a linear function of
several variables under the certain conditions and that conditions are linear equalities or
inequalities.
2. A linear function whose value is to be maximized or minimized in a linear programming problem

is known as an objective function.
3. A general solution which satisfies all the constraints of a linear programming problem is known
as feasible solution of that linear programming problem.
4. A feasible solution of an LPP at which the minimum or maximum value of an objective function
exists is called an optimum solution.
5. There are two methods to solve a linear programming problem which are as follow :
3. Corner point method.
4. Iso-profit Or Iso -cost method.
6. If the feasible region is closed, then it is bounded and if the feasible region is not closed , then it
is unbounded.
7. A linear inequality is an inequality which involves a linear function and contain one of the
symbol : < less than, > greater than, ≤ less than equal to or ≥ greater than equal to.
8. Bounded region
9. The coordinates from which the feasible region is formed are known as corner points.
10. Smallest possible value of 𝑥 is− 18.

5
11. Minimum value of Z is −𝟒𝟖 at the point (0, 12).
12. It is in the first quadrant bounded by the points (0, 0), (0, 2) and (3, 0).
78 | P a g e
13. The feasible region of given inequality is unbounded region in first quadrant passing through
(0, 0) and towards right to the line.
14. A feasible region is an area defined by a set of coordinates that satisfy a system of inequalities.
The region satisfies all restrictions imposed by linear programming problems. The concept is an
optimization technique
15. (40,15).
16. Minimum value of Z is 0 at (0,0).
17. The restrictions, in the form of linear inequalities, imposed on the optimization of an objective
function in a linear programming problem are known as the constraints.
18. The corner points are (0, 0), (20,0),(0,60) and (10,50).
19. Maximum value of Z is 16 at (0, 4).
20. It is the region bounded by the points (0,2), (0,0) and (4,0).
Answer key of two marks questions

1. Let he buys 𝑥 and 𝑦 be the no. of bags of rice and wheat resp. Then objective function ,
which is to maximize is 𝑍 = 11𝑥 + 9𝑦 ,
subject to constraints 18𝑥 + 15𝑦 ≤ 150 ,
𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 200,
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
2. Let cost of stiching of 1 shirt is Rs. 𝑥 and that of 1 pant is Rs. 𝑦. Then the objective function ,
which is to minimize is 𝑍 = 90𝑥 + 48𝑦 ,
subject to constraints , 9𝑥 + 6𝑦 ≤ 225 ,
15𝑥 + 6𝑦 ≤ 300 ,
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0 .
3. Four corner points.
The feasible region is unbounded formed by the points (0,3)and (6,0) away from
4. the origin .
79 | P a g e
5. The region formed by the given inequalities are unbounded.
The minimum value of 𝑍 = −3𝑥 + 4𝑦 is −12 at the point (4,0).

6.
The corner points of the feasible region are (0,50) , (0,0) ,(30,0) and (20 ,30). The
7. maximum value of Z is 120 at the point (30 ,0).
8. There is no feasible region corresponding to the given inequalities. Hence Ther is no

maximum value of Z subject to the given constraints.
9. The solution of the given inequalities is the region bounded by the points (0,0) ,
(10,0) and (0,5).
10. The minimum value of Z is −1000 at the point (0,1000) and maximum value is 3000
at the point (1500,0).
11. q = 3p.
12. There is no common region formed by given inequalities and hence no maximum
value exists subjected to these constraints.
13. Exist.
14. There is no region which is common to given inequalities and hence no maximum or
minimum value exists.
15. Let 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 be the number of units of food F1 and food F2 resp. to mix together to
form the mixture. Then the following LPP is formed :
subject to constraints , 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 10 ,
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 12,
3𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 8,
and 𝑥 ≥ 0 , 𝑦 ≥ 0.
80 | P a g e
16. Let the person’s diet consists of 𝑥 unit of food I and 𝑦 units of food II. Then the
following LPP is formed :
subject to constraints , 10𝑥 + 4𝑦 ≥ 20 ,
5𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≥ 20,
2𝑥 + 6𝑦 ≥ 12 ,
and 𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0 .
17. The feasible region which is common to the given constraints are unbounded and
the corner points are (0,2) , (1,1) and (3,0). Since the region is unbounded therefore
Z = 6 may or may not be the maximum value. To check whether Z = 6 is maximum
value, draw the graph of 2𝑥 + 5𝑦 > 6 and which has so many common points with
the given feasible region. Hence maximum value of Z is 6 at the line joining of (0,2)
and (3,0).
18. Since the given inequalities have no common feasible region, therefore Z has neither
maximum value nor minimum value under these constraints.
19. Let the young man covers 𝑥 km at the speed of 25 km/hr and 𝑦 km at the speed of
40 km/hr.
The total distance travelled by the man is 𝑥 + 𝑦 , which we have to maximize
Under the certain constraints.
Here , the objective function is 𝑍 =𝑥+𝑦,
Subject to constraints , 2𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≤ 100 ,
𝑥 𝑦
+ ≤ 1 , or 8𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≤ 200 ,
25 40
𝑥 ≥ 0 , 𝑦 ≥ 0.
20. Let 𝑥 passengers travel by executive class ticket and 𝑦 passengers travel by
economy class ticket. Then following LPP is formed :
81 | P a g e
The objective function is , 𝑍 = 1000𝑥 + 600𝑦 ,
subject to constraints , 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 200 ,
𝑥 ≥ 20 ,
𝑦 − 4𝑥 ≥ 0 or 𝑦 ≥ 4𝑥
𝑥 ≥ 0 , 𝑦 ≥ 0.
82 | P a g e
TOPIC-: PROBABILITY
S.No. QUESTIONS
1. Given two events E and F such that 𝑃(𝐸) = 0.6, 𝑃(𝐹) = 0.3, 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 0.2, then find
𝑃(𝐸|𝐹) and 𝑃(𝐹|𝐸).
2. 7 9 4
If 𝑃(𝐴) = 13 , 𝑃(𝐵) = 13 , 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 13, then evaluate 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵).
3. If 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.8, 𝑃(𝐵⁄𝐴) = 0.4, then find 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵).
4. Two coins are tossed once. E is the event that no tail appears and F is the event that no head
appears. Find 𝑃(𝐸|𝐹).
5. Mother, father and son line up at random for a family picture. Find 𝑃(𝐸|𝐹) if
E: son on one end and F: father in middle.
6. An instructor has a question bank consisting of 300 easy True/False questions, 200 difficult
True/False questions, 500 easy multiple choice questions and 400 difficult multiple choice
questions. If a question is selected at random from the question bank, what is the
probability that it is a difficult question given that it is a True/False question?
7. Find 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) if P(A) = 0.5 and P(B) = 0.
8. One card is drawn at random from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. Events E and F are
defined below ….
E: the card drawn is a spade
F: the card drawn is an ace
Check whether the events E and F are dependent or independent.
9. An urn contains 6 red and 3 black balls. Two balls are randomly drawn. Let X represents the
number of black balls. What are the possible values of X?
10. State whether the following table is a probability distribution of a random variable or not:
X 3 2 1 0 -1
P(X) 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.05
11. State whether the following table is a probability distribution of a random variable or not:
X -1 0 1 2
P(X) 0.6 0.1 0.2 -0.1
12. Find the value of k for the probability distribution of a discrete random variable X given
below:
X 2 3 4 5
P(X) 5/k 7/k 9/k 11/k
83 | P a g e
13. If a leap year is selected at random, then what is the probability that it will contain 53
Tuesdays?
14. Two cards are drawn at random and without replacement from a pack of 52 playing cards.
Find the probability that both the cards are black.
15. An urn contains 10 black and 5 white balls. Two balls are drawn from the urn one after the
other without replacement. What is the probability that both the drawn balls are black?
16. 1 1
The probability of solving a specific problem independently by A and B are 2 and 3
respectively. If both try to solve the problem independently, find the probability that both
solve the problem.
17. What is the probability of obtaining an even prime number on each die when a pair of dice is
rolled?
18. Six balls are drawn successively from an urn containing 7 red and 9 black balls. If, after each
draw, the ball drawn is not replaced in the urn, tell whether the trials of drawing balls are
Bernoulli Trials or not.
19. 1
Find the variance of the Binomial Distribution 𝐵 (4, ).
3
20. If A and B are any two events such that P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B) = P(A), then find 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵).
21. If P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = x and P(AUB) = 0.7, then find the value of x if A and B are independent
events.
S.No. SOLUTIONS
1. 2 2 1
P(𝐸|𝐹) = 3 and P(𝐹|𝐸) = 6 = 3
2. 4
𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) =
9
3. 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.32
4. 0
𝑃(𝐸|𝐹) = 1⁄ = 0
4
5. 𝑃(𝐸|𝐹) = 1
6. 200 2
Required Probability = 500 = 5
7. Not defined
8. 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 𝑃(𝐸) × 𝑃(𝐹) and hence, the events are independent.
9. X = 0,1,2
10. No because sum of Probabilities is 1.05
11. No because P( X=2) = -0.1
84 | P a g e
12. 32
=1
𝑘
Implies k = 32
13. 2
Required Probability = 7
14. 1 25 25
Required Probability = 2 × 51 = 102
15. 10 9 3
16. 1 1 1
17. 1
36
18. no
19. 1 1 2
n = 4, p = 3 and q = 1 − 3 = 3
1 2 8
Therefore, variance = npq = 4 × 3 × 3 = 9
20. 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = 1
21. P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A).P(B)
Which implies that x = 0.5
S.No. QUESTIONS
1. The probability that at least one of the two events A and B occurs is 0.6. If A and B occur
simultaneously with probability 0.3, the evaluate 𝑃(𝐴̅) + 𝑃(𝐵̅).
2. 5 2
Evaluate𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵), if 2𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐵) = 13 and 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = 5.
3. A and B are two events such that 𝑃(𝐴) ≠ 0. Find 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) if
(i) A is a subset of B.
(ii) A∩B = ∅
4. 2 1 1 1
Three events A, B and C have probabilities 5 , 3 and 2 respectively. If P (A∩ 𝐶) = 5 and
1
P(𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = 4, then find the values of P(C/B) and P(𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐶̅ ).
5. If A and B are two events such that P( A/B ) = P ( B/A ) , then prove that P(A) = P(B)
6. If P(A) = 0.8, P(B) = 0.5 and P( B/A ) = 0.4, then find the value of P(AUB).
7. 10% of the bulbs produced in a factory are red and 2% are red and defective. If one bulb is
picked up at random, then determine the probability of its being defective, given that it is
red.
8. A couple has two children. Find the probability that both the children are males, if it is
known that at least one of the children is male.
85 | P a g e
9. A die is thrown three times. Events A and B are defined as below….
A: 4 on the third throw
B: 6 on first and 5 on second throw.
Find the probability of A given that B has already occurred.
10. A bag contains 19 tickets, numbered from 1 to 19. A ticket is drawn and then another
ticket is drawn without replacement. Find the probability that both tickets will show even
numbers.
11. Three cards are drawn successively without replacement from a pack of 52 cards. What is
the probability that the first two cards are king and the third card drawn is an ace?
12. A bag contains 5 white, 7 red and 8 black balls. If four balls are drawn one by one without
replacement, then find the probability of getting all white balls?
13. 1 7 1
Events A and B are such that P (A) = 2 , P(B) = 12 and P( not A or not B ) = 4 . State whether
the events A and B are independent or not.
14. A fair coin and an unbiased die are tossed. Let A be the event ‘head appears on the coin’
and B be the event ‘3 on the die’. Check whether A and B are independent events or not.
15. A die is tossed thrice. Find the probability of getting an even number at least once.
16. A can hit a target 4 times out of 5, B can hit the target 3 times out of 4 and C can hit the
target 2 times out of 3. They fire simultaneously. Find the probability that none of them
will hit the target.
17. 1 1
Probability of solving specific problem independently by A and B are 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3
respectively.
If both try to solve the problem independently, then find the probability that the problem
is solved.
18. 1 1 1
If A and B are two events such that P(A) = 4, P(B) = 2 and P(A∩B) = 8, then find P( not A and
not B).
19. Two balls are drawn at random with replacement from a box containing 10 black and 8 red
balls. Find the probability that first ball is black and second ball is red.
20. There are 25 tickets bearing numbers from 1 to 25. One ticket is drawn at random. Find the
probability that the number on it is a multiple of 5 or 6.
21. If P(𝐴|𝐵) > 𝑃(𝐴), then prove that P(𝐵|𝐴) > 𝑃(𝐵).
22. A die is thrown thrice. Getting an even number is considered success. What is the mean
and variance of the Binomial Distribution?
23. If X follows a Binomial Distribution with mean 4 and variance 2, find P(X≥ 7).
24. A die is thrown 6 times. If getting an odd number is a success, then what is the probability
of 5 success?
86 | P a g e
25. If the probability that a person is not a swimmer is 0.3, then find the probability that out of
5 persons, 4 are swimmers.
S.No. SOLUTIONS
1. P(A) + P(B) = P(AUB) + P ( A∩B)
= 0.6 + 0.3
= 0.9
P( 𝐴̅) + 𝑃(𝐵̅) = 1 – P(A) + 1 – P(B)
= 2 – 0.9 = 1.1
2. 5 5
P(A) = , P(B) =
26 13
5 2 2
P( A∩B) = P(B).P(A/B) = 13 × 5 = 13
5 5 2 11
P( AUB) = 26 + 13 − 13 = 26
3. 𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵) 𝑃(𝐴)
.(i) P(B/A) = 𝑃(𝐴)
= 𝑃(𝐴) = 1
𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵) 0
(ii) P(B/A) = 𝑃(𝐴)
= 𝑃(𝐴) = 0
1
4. 𝑃(𝐵∩𝐶) 4 3
P(C/B) = 𝑃(𝐵)
= 1 =4
3
P(𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐶̅ ) = 1 – P ( AU C )
2 1 1
=1–{5+2−5}
7 3
= 1 - 10 = 10
5. P ( A/B ) = P ( B/A )
𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵) 𝑃(𝐵∩𝐴)
=
𝑃(𝐵) 𝑃(𝐴)
Which implies that P(A) = P(B)
6. P( A ∩ 𝐵) = P(A). P(B/A) = 0.8 × 0.4 = 0.32
Therefore, P(AUB) = 0.8 + 0.5 – 0.4
= 0.9
7. 𝑃(𝐷∩𝑅) 2⁄ 1
100
P ( D/R ) = 𝑃(𝑅)
= 1⁄ =5
10
87 | P a g e
8. 1⁄ 1
P(A/B) = 3 4 = 3
⁄4
9. 𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵) 1⁄ 1
216
P(A/B) = 𝑃(𝐵)
= 6⁄ = 6
216
10. Let A is the event of drawing an even numbered ticket in the first draw and B is the event of
drawing an even numbered ticket in the second draw. Then
9 8 4
P(A) = 19 and P(B/A) = 18 = 9
9 4 4
Therefore, P ( 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = P(A).P(B/A) = 19 × 9 = 19
11. 4 3 4 2
Required Probability = 52 × 51 × 50 = 5525
12. Total number of balls = 20

5 4 3 2 1
Required Probability = 20 × 19 × 18 × 17 = 969
13. P( 𝐴̅𝑈𝐵̅) = 𝑃(𝐴

̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
∩ 𝐵)
14. A = {(𝐻, 1), (𝐻, 2), (𝐻, 3), (𝐻, 4), (𝐻, 5), (𝐻, 6)} , B = {(𝐻, 3), (𝑇, 3)} , A∩B = {(𝐻, 3)}
6 1 2 1 1
P(A) = 12 = 2 , P(B) = 12 = 6 and P(A∩B ) = 12
1 1 1
P(A). P(B) = 2 × 6 = 12
= 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
Therefore, A and B are independent events.
15. 3 1
P( an even number ) = =
6 2
Required Probability = 1 – Probability of getting an even number in none of the throws

1 1 1
= 1-2×2×2
7
=8
16. 4 3 2
P(A) = 5 , P(B) = 4 , P(C) = 3
4 1
Therefore, P( 𝐴̅) = 1 − 5 = 5
3 1
P( 𝐵̅) = 1 − 4 = 4
2 1
P( 𝐶̅ ) = 1 − =
3 3
Therefore, P( 𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐵̅ ∩ 𝐶̅ ) = 𝑃(𝐴̅) × 𝑃(𝐵̅) × 𝑃(𝐶̅ )

1 1 1 1
= × × =
5 4 3 60
17. P ( problem is solved )
= P ( at least one of them solves the problem )
88 | P a g e
= 1 – P ( none of them solves the problem )
= 1 – P(𝐴̅). 𝑃(𝐵̅)
1 2
=1-2×3
2
=
3
18. P( not A and not B ) = P( 𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐵̅)
= 𝑃(𝐴̅) × 𝑃(𝐵̅) { not A and not B are independent events }

1 1
= (1 − 4) (1 − 2)
3
=8
19. P ( B∩R ) = P(B) × P(R)

10 8 20
= × =
18 18 81
20. P( EUF ) = P(E) + P(F) – P( E∩F)

5 4 9
= 25 + 25 − 0 = 25
21. P(𝐴|𝐵) > 𝑃(𝐴)

𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)
Implies > 𝑃(𝐴)
𝑃(𝐵)
𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)
Implies 𝑃(𝐴)
> 𝑃(𝐵)
Implies P(𝐵|𝐴) > 𝑃(𝐵)
22. n=3
3 1 1 1
p = 6 = 2 which implies that q = 1- p = 1 - 2 = 2
1 3
Therefore, Mean = np = 3 × 2 = 2
1 1 3
Variance = npq = 3 × × =
2 2 4
23. 𝑛𝑝𝑞 2 1 1
= implies q = which implies p = .
𝑛𝑝 4 2 2
1
Also, np = 4 which implies n × 2 = 4 which implies n = 8
1 𝑟 1 8−𝑟 1 8
Therefore, P(X = r) = 8Cr(2) (2) = 8Cr (2)
Therefore, P(X≥ 7) = P(X=7) + P(X=8)

1 8 1 8 1 9
= 8C7( ) + 8C8( ) = (8 + 1) =
2 2 28 28
24. n=6
89 | P a g e
3 1 1
p= = which implies that q =
6 2 2
1 5 1 1 1 6 1
Therefore, P(X=5) = 6C5 p5q1 = 1 × (2) × (2) = (2) = 64
25. q = 0.3, p = 1 – 0.3 = 0.7 and n = 5
Therefore, P(X=4) = 5C4(0.7)4(0.3) = 1.5(0.7)4
90 | P a g e

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Study Material

Class XII - Mathematics

SH. RAJIB DAS

PGT MATHS OF KVS TINSUKIA REGION

TOPIC- RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS ................................................................................................................................ 3

22 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑓: 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 𝑏𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 4 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓 𝑖𝑓 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡.

𝑹𝑬𝑳𝑨𝑻𝑰𝑶𝑵𝑺 𝑨𝑵𝑫 𝑭𝑼𝑵𝑪𝑻𝑰𝑶𝑵𝑺 (𝟏 𝑴𝑨𝑹𝑲 𝑸𝑼𝑬𝑺𝑻𝑰𝑶𝑵𝑺 𝑨𝑵𝑺𝑾𝑬𝑹)

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS (2 MARKS QUESTIONS ANSWER)

4 (i) 3 ∗ 4 = 2 × 3 + 4 + 3 × 4 = 22, (𝑖𝑖) 2 ∗ 5 = 2 × 2 + 5 + 2 × 5 = 19

19 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(𝑏) ⇒ 2𝑎 = 2𝑏 ⇒ 𝑎 = 𝑏, 𝑆𝑜 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 − 𝑜𝑛𝑒

22 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑜𝑛𝑒 − 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓 -1(𝑥) =

1. If 𝑦 = sin−1 𝑥 then write the range of 𝑦

4. Find the principal value of tan−1(√3) − cot −1 (−√3)

5. Find the principal value of tan−1(−1) + sec −1(−2)

6. Find the principal value of cosec −1 (2) − cosec −1 (−√2)

15. Find the principal value of cos −1(cos(−680° ))

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

5. Show that sin−1 (2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 ) = 2 sin−1 𝑥 = 2 cos −1 𝑥

18. cos 𝑥 −3𝜋 𝜋

19. cos 𝑥 – sin 𝑥

20. 𝑎 cos 𝑥 –𝑏 sin 𝑥 𝑎

21. Solve 2 tan−1 (cos 𝑥) = tan−1 (2 cosec 𝑥)

22. Solve 2tan−1 (sin 𝑥) = tan−1 (2 sec 𝑥)

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

22. 𝜋 𝑥+𝑦 𝜋 𝑥+𝑦

( formula 2 sin−1(𝑥) = sin−1 (2𝑥√1 − (𝑥)2 ) )

5. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = sin 𝜃 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝜃 = sin−1 𝑥

𝑛𝑜𝑤 sin−1 (2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 ) = sin−1 (2 sin 𝜃√1 − sin2 𝜃) =

sin−1(2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃) = sin−1(sin 2𝜃) = 2𝜃 = 2 sin−1 𝑥

Similarly By taking 𝑥 = cos 𝜃 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 sin−1(2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 ) = 2 cos−1 𝑥

6. As above problem by taking 𝑥 = sin 𝜃 𝑤𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑔𝑒𝑡 3 sin−1 𝑥 = sin−1(3𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 )

Use formula sin 3𝜃 = 3 sin 𝜃 − 4 sin3 𝜃

7. As above problem by taking 𝑥 = cos 𝜃 𝑤𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑔𝑒𝑡 3 cos −1 𝑥 = cos−1(4𝑥 3 − 3𝑥)

Use formula cos 3𝜃 = 4 cos3 𝜃 − 3 cos 𝜃

8. 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = tan 𝜃 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑥

10. 1 1−𝑥 1 1 − (√𝑥)2 1

13. 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = tan 𝜃 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑥

16. Ans: sec −1 𝑥

By taking 𝑥 = sec 𝜃 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝜃 = sec −1 𝑥 and then substitute and simplify

by dividing numerator denominator with cos 𝑥

20. 𝑎 cos 𝑥 – 𝑏 sin 𝑥

21. 2 tan−1 (cos 𝑥) = tan−1(2 cosec 𝑥)

22. 2tan−1 (sin 𝑥) = tan−1 (2 sec 𝑥)

𝑥 = −1 𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑓𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

10. If matrix A = [1 2 3] write AA’. Where A’ is the transpose of matrix A.

Answers of 1 mark questions

17. Let (A - AT) = B, show that BT = -B.

Answers of 2 mark questions

7. A’ =A, B’ =B and if AB is symmetric, then (AB)’ = AB --------------(i)

Also, (AB)’ = B’A’ = BA -----------------------------------------------(ii)

From (i) and (ii), AB= BA

11. ( I + A )3 – 7A = I3 + 3I2A + 3IA2+ A3 – 7A = I +3A + 3A + A – 7A = I

13. 4 5/2 0 0 −1/2 −1

15. Show that LHS = RHS.

ONE MARK QUESTIONS:

9. Check whether the following matrix is singular.

18. If A is a skew-symmetric matrix of order 3, write the value of 𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴).

20. If A is a non-singular matrix such that |𝐴| = 5, then find|𝐴−1 |.

21. If A is an invertible matrix of order 3 X 3 and |𝐴| = 5, then find|𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴|.

22. If A is an invertible matrix of order 3 and |𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴| = 64, then find|𝐴|.

24. If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that |𝐴| = 3, then find|𝐴(𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴)|.

26. If A is an invertible matrix of order 3 X 3 and |𝐴| = 4, then find |𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴)|

ANSWERS: (1 MARK QUESTIONS)