Faculty of Law

BATCH 2019-2020
PROJECT ON
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF CHILD LABOUR IN RAJKOT
SUBJECT :-Sociology
SUBJECT CODE:10BA0103

Submitted to Submitted by:

N.BANGKIM SINGH ROUNAK SINHA
Associate Professor RollNo:91901004101
Faculty of Law, Marwadi University B.ALLBHons.(Semester1)
 DECLARATION

I Rounak Sinha certify that the work embodied in this project work, entitled “AN
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF CHILD LABOUR IN RAJKOT”, is my own bona-fide
work carried out by me under the supervision of Prof. N. BANGKIM SINGH of
Faculty of Law, Marwadi University. The matter embodied in this Project has not
been submitted for the award of any other degree/diploma.
I declare that I have faithfully acknowledged, given credit to and referred to the
authors/ research workers wherever their works have been cited in the text and the
body of the project. I further certify that I have not willfully lifted up some other's
work, para, text, data, results, figures etc. reported in the journals, books, magazines,
reports, dissertations, theses, etc., or available at web-sites and included them in this
project work and cited as my own work.

Signature of the Student

Date:
Place:
 SUPERVISOR’S CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the work embodied in the accompanying project entitled “AN
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF CHILD LABOUR IN RAJKOT”, has been carried out
entirely by Rounak Sinha under my direct supervision and guidance and that the
candidate has fulfilled the requirements of the regulations laid down for the partial
fulfillment of B. A. LL. B Hons. Degree examination in the course Sociology I
(Semester I), Faculty of Law, Marwadi University.

N. BANGKIM SINGH
Associate Professor (Sociology)
Faculty of Law, Marwadi University
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my thanks to the people who have helped me most throughout
my project, be it directly or indirectly. I am most grateful to my teacher Mr. N.
Bangkim Singh who actually inspired to do this project by providing this
opportunity.
A special thank of mine goes to my senior Pratyush Khanna and my classmates
Yashi Jain and Jainam Shah who helped me out in completing the project, where
they all exchanged their own interesting ideas, and made me realize both the
perspectives to the issue and thus made it possible to complete my project with all
accurate information. I wish to thank my parents for their personal support or
attention who inspired me to go my own way.

Last but not the least, I would also extend my appreciation to those who could not
be mentioned here but well played their role to inspire the curtain.
 INDEX

1. Introduction
2. Current Situation of Child Labour in Rajkot , Gujrat
3. The situation and cause of children regarding the
involvement in labor in “Bedi Village”.
4. Conclusion and Suggestion
5. Bibliography
6. Annexures
 CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Child labour can be defined as the employment of children in any work that deprives
them from their childhood and interferes with thier ability to attend thier regular
schools and that is physically, mentally, socially or morally dangerous and harmful.
UNICEF defines child labour differently. A child, suggests UNICEF, is involved in
child labour activities if between 5 to 11 years of age, he or she did at least one hour
of economic activity or at least 28 hours of domestic work in a week, and in case of
children between 12 to 14 years of age, he or she did at least 14 hours of economic
activity or at least 42 hours of economic activity and domestic work per week.
World Day against child labour was "Children should not work on fields, but on
dreams. Yet today 152 million children are still in child labour. According to Census
data 2011, 10.13 million child labourers are between the ages of 5-14 years in India.
As per 2011 census, 1 in 11 children are working in India (5-18). The International
labour Organization data indicates that there are 152 million working children in the
world between the ages of 5-17 years of which 23.8 million children are in India. A
recent Analysis by Child Rights and You (CRY) revealed a shocking and a grim
reality that 1.4 million child labourers in india in the age group of 7-14 years cannot
write thier names, means one in three child labourers in this group are illitrate.
Another report by CRY is that Child Labour has grown up by more than 50% in
urban areas.
The problem of Child Labour was basically an outcome of the industrial revolution
in many of the countries including developing societies. During the post- industrial
revolution period Child Labour became a growing phenomenon up to the first half
of the 20th century in the industrial countries. The problem of Child Labour has
become serious among the developing countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan, India,
Nepal, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Somalia and Myanmar. The factors that contribute to child
labour – Poverty, Illiteracy of a child’s parents, Family’s social and economic
circumstances, Lack of awareness about the harmful effects of child labour Under-
employment, and the cultural values of the family and surrounding society and may
be the they are not aware of their rights. Many International organizations have made
great efforts to eliminate child labour across the world. Many countries have adopted
different to prohibit child labour; but in developing countries due to poverty and lack
of schooling opportunity, this problem is prevalent. It is not easy task for low income
countries to achieve banning child labour. Several studies and international
organizations considered that education with the help of implementation of law
concerned, and the most important thing is increasing employment program for their
parents in addressing child labour, is the key strategy.
In this study, Researcher is going to study about the cause and effect of the child
labour in Rajkot, Gujrat . Also in this study , we are going to understand the situation
of children regarding the involvement in labour in " Bedi Village " of Rajkot district
in Gujrat.
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Christopher (2003) narrated that child labour exists because it is the best response
people can find in intolerable circumstances. Poverty and child labor are mutually
reinforcing: because their parents are poor, children must work and not attend
school, and then grow up poor.
Mondal, Abdul (2006) showed that, The key factors jeopardizing children’s
advancement in Bangladesh is the high drop-out rate from school, particularly for
marginalized and poverty ridden group in urban slums and rural areas. The causes
of child labor is multidimensional and derives from lack of access to various
entitlement especially important among which is access to good quality productive
employment.
Sharmin (2004) observed that children in many occupation are victimized both
physically and sexually by the employers. Also, child abuse particularly sexual
exploitation of children in certain cases remain hidden where discovery of truth is
complicated. This is mostly because in many cases children especially girl children
do not disclose sexual abuse due to social norms and values in their society.
Prabhe (2009) concluded that poverty at home and Socio economic compulsion
together with the failure of the school education system to retain all children below
14 Years in schools drive millions of families to send their children at a tender age
to work as labor to earn the bread for their families or to support their family income.
Child labor is interlinked with some socio-economic issues like poverty, Gender
discrimination lack of social security, illiteracy, growing unemployment and the
deteriorating conditions of workers in the informal economy particularly in the rural
areas.
Salahuddin (2001) examines that children are the most precious human capital of
any country. Children are the most productive and contributory to the society. The
children reed certain preparatory period of time along with care, nurturing and
protective from exploitation.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the present research are:-
1. To know the concept and theories of Child Labour.
2. To know the factors affecting Child labour in Rajkot.
3. To analyse the situation and cause of children regarding the involvement in
labour in “BEDI VILLAGE”
4. To provide suggestions for the elimination of child labour in Rajkot.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The present study has relied on both primary and secondary data. The primary data
consists of interviews with children aged between 7 to 14. The data was collected
using different data collection strategies and was analysed properly. In order to
answer research questions, secondary data is collected through literature material
researched from academic books, articles and news and research reports on child
labour, poverty ,education and public health of child labour. This study is also
limited to examining the nature and extent of child labour aged between seven to
fourteen years in Bedi village situated in Rajkot District, Gujrat.
 CHAPTER 2
CURRENT SITUATION OF CHILD LABOUR IN GUJRAT

As the present study is about the analytical study of child labour in Rajkot, Gujrat
so let us talk about the current scenario of Gujrat regarding Child Labour. According
to data provided by National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO), calculated on
the basis of Worker Population Ratio( WPR) has revealed that Gujrat has nearly 4.2
lakhs child workers in which 3.18 lakhs are in rural areas and a littile above 1 lakh
in urban areas. It points towards the fact that Gujrat has 2.2% child workers in the
urban areas and 4.3% child workers in rural areas in the age group of 5-14 , which
is highest than 20 states , except Jharkhand (6.7%) in the rural areas .
Figures from the Union ministry of labour and employment show an alarming
picture of Gujrat , regarding child labour that India has 43,53,247 child labourers
aged between 6 to 14 working in Medium, Small and Micro Enterprises (MSMEs)
of which Gujrat accounts for 2,50318 which is around 6 percent of the country's
total. The state also seems to be the worst performer in rescuing children from such
work to bring them back into mainstream under the National Child labour Project
(NCLP) in the last three years. It is just rescued only 1,345 children. Gujrat rescued
and rehabilited 453 child labourers in 2013-2014 and 892 in 2014-2015 under the
NCLP Scheme. According to Government records ,no child has rescued and
rehabiliated.Gujrat has touted as a model state but the number of the child laborers
here contradicts these claims. However, Gujarat has drastically slipped in child
labour.
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
CHILDREN RESCUED(2013-2014) CHILDREN RESCUED (2014-2015) CHILDREN RESCUED(2015)

NO. OF CHILD LABOURERS RESCUED UNDER NCLP SCHEME

 CHAPTER 3
The situation and cause of children regarding the involvement in
labour in “Bedi Village”.

In this chapter, the researcher used qualitative methodology in the form of interview
schedules .

In this present study , an attempt has been made to find out the status and problems
of working children in Bedi village which is situated in Rajkot district of Gujrat state.
The researcher conducted 2 days field interview and 30 children and 10 parents were
interviewed.

Table 1.1 Distribution of respondents by age

AGE NO. OF RESPONDENTS

7-10 6
10-12 11
12-14 13
Total 30

In table 1.1, there is data about different age groups of the respondents
as majority of respondents 43.3% is in the group of 12-14 years.
 Table 1.2 Distribution of Respondents by Education
Education Qualification No. of Respondents
Illiterate 20
1st to 3rd Class 2
4th to 6th Class 3
6th to 8th Class 5
Total 30

Above table clearly shows that most of the children are illiterate 67%
and a few of them studied till 8th but after that they discontinued their
studies.
Table 1.3 Distribution of Respondents by Interest in Study
Interest In Study No. of Respondents
Yes 7
No 18
Neutral 5
Total 30

The question asked by the interviewer is that whether you have interest
in study or not and the data which came is very interesting as well as
shocking.
As shown in the table, most of them have no interest in study as well as
five respondents were neutral as they have interest or not. Three
respondents R18, R19, R26 mentioned that they do go to the school but
they have no interest in studies.

Table 1.4 Distribution of Respondents by reason for work

Reason for work No. of respondents

Lack of Schooling Facilities 3
Parents can’t afford school fees. 12
Economic help to family 7
School has no value for Family 8
Total 30

As Shown in Table most of the respondents (40%) do work as their parents can’t
afford school fees. The interviewer came to know that there are two private schools
and one government school in Bedi .
One interesting fact is that, almost all the children of Patel community goes to
school. Two Respondents R4 and R8 told that They do go to school but also work
in tea stalls ,dhabas etc in order to support family. While interviewing parents , the
Parents told that there is no environment of study in this village.
 Table 1.5 No of Respondents by monthly Income
Monthly Income No. of Respondents
200-500 07
501- 800 15
800-1000 08
Total 30

As shown in above table 1.5, most of the respondents have a monthly income
between 500 to 800. It shows that Children are working on very low wages.
When the Interviewer asked the question regarding getting less money ,then many
respondents told that they get money along with food for three times in day. One
respondent R15 gave a very touching statement that If I do not come for work
today , then I will have to remain hungry for a complete day. Such statements
clearly states that the basic concern of working of children is getting food and
nothing more.

Table 1.6 No. of Respondents by working hours

Working Hours No. of Respondents
8-10 07
10-12 20
12-14 03
Total 30

Table 1.6 reveals a shocking data as most of children work for around 10 to 12
hours. In previous table 1.5, it was found that most of children are working on very
low wages. It clearly states that working for such a long hour and getting less
money is equivalent to the physically as well as mentally harassment.
 Table 1.7 No. of respondents by Personal Habbits
Personal Habbits No. of Respondents
Smoking 04
Gutka 10
Gambling 05
Gambling + Gutka+ Smoking 11

Table 1.7 shows that