1.

Different Definitions of Globalization

Globalization is a complex web of social processes that intensify and expand worldwide economic,
cultural, political, and technological exchanges and connections. Globalization is an interconnected web
of social, economic, political, cultural, and technological processes. In economic terms, it describes an
interdependence of nations around the globe fostered through free trade. Globalization motives are
idealistic, as well as opportunistic, but the development of a global free market has benefited large
corporations based in the Western world. Its impact remains mixed for workers, cultures, and small
businesses around the globe, in both developed and emerging nations. It both affect and does have a
contribution in our everyday life to be precise. However, this definition is extremely broad, and the
number of connotations and views on globalization is nearly endless.

Globalization can also be thought of as a flow of people because of migration. It is the increasing
trade and investment flows in many regions, which facilitated interest and awareness
in migration. Globalization forces have reinforced the movement of skilled workers who move with FDI
flows and multinational investments, while people have been migrating since the time of hunters and
gatherers, travel has become increasingly easier because of technology. Travel has progressed by leaps
and bounds and so have travelers. Thus, the industry ought to constantly transform and enhance itself in
numerous ways from technology to sustainability. We travel faster but we are also fortunate to have
better-quality, more comfortable accommodations together with helpful tools and apps that let us do it
more frequently. Technology has forever changed the way billions travel either for pleasure or
business. Smartphones, AI, electronic payments, social media and so on have, for better and worse,
affected travel in incalculable ways. Some move for work; others for safety; still others for a change of
atmosphere and scenery. However, the flow of people influences also a spread of ideas, goods, and even
capital as well.

Globalization is also a flow of goods and thus capital. Part of what globalization entails is greater
international trade in final goods, but that is by no means the whole story. In the current environment,
firms are able to fragment their operations internationally, locating each stage of production in the
country where it can be done at the least cost, and transmitting ideas for new products and new ways of
making products around the globe. It involves the increasing international integration of production
processes and the market for goods and services. It can raise the standard of living in poor and less
developed countries by providing job opportunity, modernization, and improved access to goods and
services. Economic growth is the main channel through which globalization can affect poverty. What
researchers have found is that, in general, when countries open up to trade, they tend to grow faster and
living standards tend to increase. But, that said, it is virtually impossible to find cases of poor countries
that were able to grow over long periods of time without opening up to trade. And we have no evidence
that trade leads to increases in poverty and declines in growth. These economic growth constitutes
to Capital flows across countries have played an important role in enhancing the production base. Capital
mobility enables the total savings of the world to be distributed among countries which have the highest
investment potential.
 Globalization is primarily an economic process of interaction and integration that's associated
with social and cultural aspects. a process driven by international trade and investment and aided
by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems,
on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the
world. Globalization is not new, though. For thousands of years, people—and, later, corporations—have
been buying from and selling to each other in lands at great distances, It is the process in which people,
ideas and goods spread throughout the world, spurring more interaction and integration between the
world's cultures, governments and economies. However, conflicts and diplomacy are also large parts of
the history of globalization, and modern globalization.

Globalization is the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international

influence or start operating on an international scale. It leads to increased competition. This
competition can be related to product and service cost and price, target market, technological
adaptation, quick response, quick production by companies etc. When a company produces with less cost
and sells cheaper, it is able to increase its market share. Globalization has been a boon to businesses,
consumers and the Western economy as a whole. Now, however, we are at risk of having a backlash
against globalization and all the opportunities that increasing economic freedom has provided us with
over the past decades. There is a new anxiety running through Western societies that challenges previous
perceptions about freer trade as a win-win for every country. There is rather a proliferating suspicion that
globalization may have been great for some countries, but not for others, and that it is affluent countries
in the West that have drawn the shortest straw.
2. News Item about Globalization and reaction

 Philippines is world's second top globalization destination: index

Arianne Merez, ABS-CBN News
Posted at Oct 20 2018 12:05 PM

Business process outsourcing is an economic lifeline in the Philippines with over 1.15 million Filipinos
working in the industry.

MANILA - The Philippines is the second top globalization destination in the world this year, according to
global strategic advisory firm Tholons.

The 2018 Services Globalization Index saw the Philippines rising to the second spot of the "Top 50 Digital
Nations" after placing third last year.

India continues to dominate the list while Brazil follows the Philippines at third place.

Other countries in the top 10 are the United States, Mexico, Canada, Russia, Vietnam, Colombia, and
South Africa.

"Most of the services will get commoditized for the biggest leaders in services globalization like US, UK,
Canada, Europe, India, Philippines, East Europe, and Latin America," the index report stated.

Business process outsourcing is an economic lifeline in the Philippines with over 1.15 million Filipinos
working in the industry.
 Reaction Paper

It is the world economy which we think of as being globalized. We mean that the whole of the
world is increasingly behaving as though it were a part of a single market, with interdependent production,
consuming similar goods, and responding to the same impulses. At first, The Philippines finds it hard to
cope with the globalization process because its weak institutions of governance have failed to create
suitable socioeconomic and political conditions that will attract more capital and technology from both
domestic and foreign sources necessary for economic growth.

But, trade globalization and migration have been more prominent than financial globalization.
The Philippine economy, like that of most other EMEs, has become increasingly integrated with the global
economy. This is evident in the general increase in trade in goods and labour migration. There is also
greater integration in finance, albeit at a relatively moderate pace While empirical estimates show that
globalization has positively affected the country’s economic growth and employment, substantial
evidence for its impact on inequality and poverty has yet to be found, as preliminary estimates show
mixed results. There are both winners and losers among industries and in the labor market. Thus, more
inclusive policies could potentially help cushion the negative consequences of globalization and facilitate
adjustments to narrow the gap between winners and losers. Towards this end, the Bangko Sentral ng
Pilipinas has made contributions primarily through its focus on low and stable inflation; the facilitation of
greater financial inclusion; and greater involvement in global cooperation efforts to further strengthen
rule-based international transactions.

Globalization improves the quality of goods and services. Improving our services and give more
quality goods and products to other countries can boost the Philippines and its nation. The Philippines
can offer a good quality product outside the country and Filipino people can serve their best to others. In
the Philippines, globalization has brought many job opportunities to all Filipino people. The government
encourages foreign companies to establish business and open many jobs to Filipino worker even abroad.
The impact of globalization helps the Philippines community to be more aware of what happens to the
Philippines, it also gives the idea to many Filipino people to have more knowledge and information on the
Philippines society. At present globalization is more effective in the Philippines, it helps to improve the
local and foreign companies, the culture, the education, and the development of the economy.

 Who will save globalization: Capitalists or communists? – view

By Carl Bildt, Sweden’s foreign minister from 2006 to October 2014 and Prime Minister from 1991 to 1994.
When he negotiated Sweden’s EU accession. He served as EU Special Envoy to the Former Yugoslavia,
High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, UN Special Envoy to the Balkans, and Co-Chairman of
the Dayton Peace Conference. He is Chair of the Global Commission on Internet Governance and a
member of the World Economic Forum’s Global Agenda Council on Europe.

“I must confess that I am a firm believer in the benefits of globalization. To my mind, the gradual
interlinking of regions, countries, and people is the most profoundly positive development of our time.”

But a populist has now assumed the United States presidency by campaigning on a platform of stark
economic nationalism and protectionism. And in many countries, public discourse is dominated by talk of
globalization’s alleged “losers,” and the perceived need for new policies to stem the rise of populist
discontent.

We now live in a world with 7.5 billion people, and yet the share of people living in absolute poverty has
declined rapidly, while the gap between rich and poor countries has steadily closed. Around the world,
average life expectancy has increased from 48 to 71 years – albeit with significant differences between
countries – and overall per capita income has grown by 500%.

Just looking back at the last 25 years, one could argue that humanity has had its best quarter-century ever.
Since 1990, the share of people living in extreme poverty in the developing world has fallen from 47% to
14%, and child mortality – a critical indicator – has been halved. The world has never seen anything like
this before.

A similarly bright picture emerges from other indicators. Fewer people are dying on battlefields than
during previous periods for which we have data; and, at least until a few years ago, the share of people
living under more or less representative governments was gradually increasing.

This spectacular progress has been driven partly by advances in science and technology. But it owes at
least as much to increased economic interaction through trade and investment, and to the overarching
liberal order that has enabled these positive developments. In short, globalization has been the single
most important force behind decades of progress.

Reaction Paper
 From my own point of view, these days, trade is often wrongly blamed for shuttering factories
and displacing workers in developed countries. But, in reality, the disappearance of older industries stems
primarily from new technologies that have improved productivity and expanded the wealth of our
societies. Likewise, rising inequality, real or imagined, has far more to do with technology than with trade.
For most people around the world, life before globalization was poor, brutal, and short. And yet today’s
anti-globalists have turned nostalgia into a rallying cry. They want to make America or Russia, or Islam
“great again.” Each may be rallying against the others; but all are rallying against globalization.

Globalization and nation-states are not in contradiction, since globalization is the present stage
of capitalist development, and the nation-state is the territorial political unit that organizes the space and
population in the capitalist system. Since the 1980s, Global Capitalism constitutes the economic system
characterized by the opening of all national markets and a fierce competition between nation-states.
Developing countries tend to catch up, while rich countries try to neutralize such competitive effort, using
globalism as an ideology, and conventional orthodoxy as a strategy. Middle-income countries that are
catching up in the realm of globalization are the ones that count with a national development strategy.
Many societies are undeniably experiencing a growing sense of cultural insecurity, not least because many
people have been led to believe that external forces such as migration are eroding traditional sources of
peace and stability. They are told that a return to tribalism in one form or another is a readily available
coping mechanism. Their mythical tribe was great in some mythical past, so why not try to recreate it?
Such thinking poses a serious threat to the world’s most vulnerable people. The strong will always
manage, but the weak will bear the burden of a nostalgic protectionism that erodes the benefits of
globalization. At the World Economic Forum’s Annual Meeting in Davos this year, Chinese President Xi
Jinping was the one extolling the virtues of globalization, while many Western business leaders wandered
the halls trying to sound concerned for the supposed losers of the process. It is that hard to decide on
whom among the two subjects would save globalization where in fact capitalism and communism serves
greatly bigger impact in promulgating globalization hand in hand around different country as
communism is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate
goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon
the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money, and
the state while capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of
production and their operation for profit. Characteristics central to capitalism include private property,
capital accumulation, wage labor, voluntary exchange, a price system and competitive markets.

The communists are keeping the globalization faith; but the capitalists seem to have lost theirs.
This is bizarre and entirely out of sync with past performance and current facts. We have every reason to
be confident in a process that has delivered more prosperity to more people than anyone could have
dreamed of just a few decades ago. We must not be shy in defending globalization and combating
reactionary nostalgia. We can have a brighter future, but only if we don’t seek it in the past. Therefore, in
the question as to whom will save the globalization whether capitalist and communist, I think communist
has a greater ability to do so.