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SUMÁRIO
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
Antes de classe de substantivos (Republic, State, etc.) estiver antes do nome, na seguinte estrutura: The +
class + of + name.
Ex:
The continent of Africa, The United States of America, The Republic of China
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
Antes de nomes de oceanos, mares, rios, canais, desertos, selvas, florestas, e pontes.
Ex:
The Atlantic Ocean, The South China Sea, The Nile River, The Panama Canal, The Sahara Desert
NOTA:
Podemos usar apenas o nome próprio de rios, oceanos, desertos, etc quando este é muito conhecido.
Ex:
The Pacific, The Mississippi, The Amazon
Quando as palavras faculdade, universidade, ou escola aparecem antes do nome. (The + ... + of + name).
Ex:
The University of Massachusetts, The Curso Pró-Militar.
Com adjetivos que se referem à nacionalidade e outros adjetivos que funcionam como substantivos.
Ex:
the Chinese (people), the French (people), the rich, the poor, the French language.
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
ATENÇÃO:
O artigo definido “THE” não é usado:
Antes dos nomes de planetas, continentes, países, estados, províncias, condados, cidades, e ruas.
Ex:
Saturn, Asia, South America, China, Minas Gerais, Paris, Wall Street, Av. Vieira Souto.
Antes de ilhas, lagos, baias e montanhas no singular.
Ex:
Tahiti, Samoa, Guanabara bay, Bandeira Peak, Mt. Everest, Fernando de Noronha island, Lagoa Rodrigo de
Freitas
Quando o nome da instituição aparecer antes da palavra universidade, faculdade, colégio, curso.
Ex:
Boston University, Pré-Militar Course, AFA academy
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
You can't talk to Alice now, she is at school. (ela está lá, estudando)
O emprego correto de “a”e “ab”, no entanto, baseia-se no som da letra seguinte, não em sua forma.
Ex:
a European, a university, a uniform, a U-turn (som de you) an uncle, an undestroyable ship (não soam como
you)
a one-way street, woman (som de w)
an orange, an orphan (som comum de o)
a home, a huge fire, a house (som de r gutural)
an hour, an heir, an honour (o h não é pronunciado, portanto o início é com vogal)
Nas expressões numéricas a dozen, half a dozen, a couple, a hundred, a thousand, a million, etc.
Ex:
She's forgiven him a thousand times.
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
ATENÇÃO:
Não usamos os artigos indefinidos A/AN
Antes de substantivos no plural.
Ex:
Dogs are riot allowed in here.
Antes de substantivos incontáveis e de nomes de materiais como “glass”, “wood”, “iron”. Em alguns desses
casos, utilize “some”ou “any”.
Ex:
Please, bring rime some milk.
The house was made of wood.
Antes de substantivos abstratos, como “happiness”, “sadness”, “pride”, “joy”, “hope”, “fear”, “jealousy”, etc.
Ex:
Happiness is something in your heart.
NOTA:
Os substantivos incontáveis, os materiais e os substantivos abstratos, quando tomados em sentido
específico ou particular, podem ser precedidos de “a” ou “an”.
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
Ex:
She suffers from a fear of the dark.
They really have a knowledge of Chemistry
Os comparativos de superioridade com -er são usados com adjetivos e advérbios até duas sílabas.
Ex:
Americans are taller than Indians.
Today is colder than yesterday.
Os comparativos de superioridade formados com more ... than são usados com adjetivos e advérbios com
mais de duas sílabas.
Ex:
Luiza Brunet is more beautiful than her daughter.
João is more intelligent than Roberto.
Os comparativos de igualdade são usados com qualquer adjetivo ou advérbio, independente do número de
sílabas.
Ex:
Australia is as hot as Brazil.
Pedro is not as tall as Felipe.
We cannot run as fast as horses.
Martha is as beautiful as Daniela.
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
Os comparativos de inferioridade são usados com qualquer adjetivo ou advérbio, independente do número
de sílabas.
Ex:
Bruna is less beautiful than Carla.
This house is less valuable than that one.
Bruno is less tall than Carlos
SUPERLATIVO
SUPERIORIDADE INFERIORIDADE
the ... –est
(o(a) mais, os(as) mais...)
the least...
ou
(o(a) menos, os(as) menos...)
the most ...
(o(a) mais, os(as) mais...)
Os superlativos com the ... –est são usados com adjetivos e advérbios até duas sílabas.
Ex:
That city is the coldest in the country.
My garden is the liveliest in town.
Os superlativo com the most ... são usados com adjetivos e advérbios com mais de duas sílabas.
Ex:
Pablo is the most foolish person of the office.
This exercises is difficult of the book.
Os superlativos de inferioridade são usados com qualquer adjetivo ou advérbio, independente do número
de sílabas.
Ex:
Rita is the leasttall of all the girls I know.
Lisa is the leastbeautiful woman of the course.
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
Os adjetivos abaixo, que terminam em -y e -ly, podem formar o comparativo e superlativo de superioridade
da seguinte forma.
Ex:
heavy / heavier than / the heaviest
handy / handier than / the handiest
lonely / lonelier than / the loneliest
happy / happier than / the happiest
lively / livelier than / the liveliest
funny / funnier than / the funniest
Os adjetivos e advérbios abaixo, embora tenha duas sílabas, podem ser usados com o comparativo more ...
thane superlativo com the most. São exceções à regra de até duas sílabas.
Ex:
afraid / more afraid than /the most afraid
frequent / more frequent than /the most frequent
certain / more certain / the most certain
correct / more correct / the most correct
exact / more exact / the most exact
often / more often / the most often
seldom / more seldom / the most seldom
modern / more modern / the most modern
normal / more normal / the most normal
recent / more recent / the most recent
Os adjetivos quiet, simple, clever, common, gentle, narrow, pleasant e polite aceitam as duas formas
comparativas de superioridade.
Ex:
clever / cleverer than / more clever than / the cleverest / the most clever
narrow / narrower than / more narrow than/ the narrowest / the most narrow
shallow / shallower than / more shallow than / the shallowest / the most shallow
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
Alguns adjetivos e advérbios apresentam formas irregulares para o comparativo e para o superlativo de
superioridade.
Ex:
good / well / better than / the best
bad / badly / worse than / the worst
little / less than / the least
many /much / more than /the most
far / farther than / the farthest (para indicar distância)
further than / the furthest (para indicar tempo)
old / older than / the oldest (para pessoas, animais, coisas e eventos)
elder / the eldest (somente para pessoas, e da mesma família) elder nunca é seguido de than. É usado em
estruturas como "my elder brother ...”
A estrutura de gradual increase, ou crescimento gradual (= cada vez mais, mais e mais) é formada através
de begetting/becoming + uma forma comparativa de superioridade (com -er ou more) repetida ou não.
Ex:
Those teachers are getting / becoming fatter.
Those students are getting / becoming fatter and fatter.
Those policemen are getting / becoming more and more fat.
Those girls are getting / becoming more beautiful
Those women are getting / becoming more and more beautiful
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
Adjetivos com duas consoantes e apenas uma vogal entre essa consoantes dobramos a ultima consoante.
Ex:
sad / sadder / the saddest
thin / thinner / the thinnest
fat / fatter / the fattest
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
1. (AFA) Mark the item that completes the following passage with the appropriate missing articles when
required.
"For ____ amateur athlete, winning in ____ Olympics is ____ great achievement. ____ games are not easy to
win, whether _____ athlete competes in ____ Summer or in _____ Winter."
a) the / a / a / X/ an / X / X
b) the / an / the / The / the / X / X
c) an / the / a / The / an / the / the
d) X / the / X / X / X / the / the
2. (AFA) Think you feel bad about those lost vacation photos? Consider (1) Barry Mathews. In 1993 (2)
British geologist traveled to (3) Arctic Circle. There, he photographed soils and vegetation for (4) study on
climate change. Back in (5) England, he took (6) film to his local pharmacy for (7) developing. That was
(8) last he saw of it. Three years later, (9) pharmacy admits it lost (10) film. Mathews, 59, is suing for
£30,000 – (11) cost of another trip. Our advice: take (12) sketch pad.
About the 12 gaps on the text above, mark the false alternative.
a) We cannot use articles in three of the gaps;
b) Gaps number (4) and (12) are correctly completed with indefinite articles;
c) All the gaps can be completed with definite or indefinite articles;
d) It’s correct to use definite article in seven gaps.
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
3. (AFA) Everyone has something to learn from _______ Kosovo. But _______ keenest students of the war
should be those who live in Western Europe. Other places in _______ world have seen as much or more
bloodshed since _______ end of the cold war. But only _______ Europe has medieval hatred taken hold so
close to the heart of what boastfully supposes itself to be _______ rational, sophisticated civilization.
Complete the text above with some articles where they are necessary or just omit them when they are not
supposed to be used.
a) the / ___ / the / the / a / the
b) the / the / ___ / an / the / a
c) ___ / the / the / the / ___ / a
d) ___ / the / the / an / ___ / the
4. (AFA) Mark the item that completes the following passage CORRECTLY with the appropriate missing
articles when required.
"Immediately after _____ assault, rape or robbery, victims or witnesses can usually summon up _____ mental
image of _____ assailant. But by _____ time they sit down with _____ sketch artist at _____ police station,
their memories often have faded."
a) X / the / an / X / the / the
b) an / a / the / the / a / the
c) the / X / the / X / the / X
d) an / the / X / the / X / a
5. (AFA) "In the beginning the Earth was inhabited only by men. At that time ______ gods Zeus and
Prometheus had______ quarrel because Zeus had hidden fire away from the men.
However, Prometheus found it and took it back to Earth.
Zeus got very angry with ______ Prometheus, and decided to take revenge on him and all men. So Zeus made
the first woman - Pandora. He have her ______ small box, but told her not to open it.
Pandora married the brother of Prometheus. One day she became curious about _____ box - too curious and
opened it. And a great number of tiny monsters flew out. They were: hate, envy, anger, jealousy, revenge,
selfishness, greed cruelty, disease, and all of the curses that often make us humans miserable.
Pandora quickly closed the box, but it was too late. The only thing left in _______ box was hope."
a) a / the / the / X / a / a
b) X / X / a / the / X / the
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
6. (AFA) _____ man I don't know has called you but didn't leave any message. _____ man just told me he'd
call again during _____ week.
a) An /A / an
b) A / The / the
c) The /A / the
d) The / The / a
7. (AFA) __________ milk and __________ meat are good for __________ our health.
a) X / X / X
b) X / the / X
c) The / the / X
d) The / the / the
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
13. (PUC-CAMP) Assinale a letra correspondente à alternativa que preenche corretamente a lacunas da frase
apresentada.
Fred: I've been thinking of buying............. .
Sam: Really? Which make are you considering?
Fred: That doesn't matter as long as ........... is economical.
a) a car - some car
b) a car - the car
c) some car - car
d) the car - a car
e) car - a car
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
17. (IME – RJ) Bob Evans, that athletic-looking young man, ran ______ and finally won the race.
a) fast and faster
b) fast and fast
c) faster and faster
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
18. (ITA – SP) “When will you be able to give us _____ information about the crime?”
a) far
b) further
c) farthest
d) farther
e) futhest
19. (AFA) I like being happy because I feel big inside ________ a balloon that gets ____________.
a) in a way / as big as
b) jus how / big and gibs
c) as well / rather bigger than
d) just like / bigger and bigger
20. (AFA) The Brazilian economy seemed to be getting _______ when the Asian financial crisis took place and
drastically affected FHC’s government.
a) better and best
b) heavy and heavier
c) the best financial
d) better and better
21. (AFA) England and France have had powerful military forces but the United States has ________ powerful
forces of them.
a) more
b) the most
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
c) many more
d) much more
22. (AFA) Michael played the piano ______ when he was _______ . Now he stopped practicing.
a) better/younger
b) very well/ newest
c) well/ more young
d) more right / more young
23. (AFA) He could play tennis very well but today he doesn't play it he used to
a) as often as
b) more often as
c) more frequently
d) the most frequently that
25. (ESC. NAVAL) If you are going to visit Paris, _______ you learn about this fascinating city, _________.
a) the more / better
b) more / better
c) more / the better
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
27. (UFRS) The phrase “longer than” is one of the comparative forms of the adjective “long”. Choose the
alternative which has another comparative form and a superlative one:
a) as long – longest
b) so much longer - longest
c) as long – the longest
d) as long as – longest
e) as long as – the longest
28. (FMU – SP) Air-jets are much _______. Let’s go by car. It’s __________.
a) more expensive – cheaper
b) cheaper – more cheap
c) expensive – more cheap
d) quicker – more slow
e) slower – quicker
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
30. (EFOMM) Choose the alternative that correctly shows the comparative form of the adjectives below.
far – good – bad – easy – old
a) further – best – worst – easier – oldest
b) farther – better – worse – easiest – older
c) further – better – worse – easier – elder
d) farther – best – worse – easier – oldest
e) farthest – better – worst – easiest – eldest
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
TEXT COMPREHENSION
TEXT 15 (EFOMM)
Survivors say Canadian tall ship sank in minutes
Students and crew rescued from the sinking of a Canadian-owned-tall ship in the South
Atlantic were back on solid land Saturday after spending up to 40 hours in life rafts after
their ship capsized.
The first of 64 people on board the three-masted SV Concórdia were ferried into Rio de Janeiro aboard
Brazilian Navy and merchant vessels, exhausted but relieved after their long ordeal.
Wearing navy caps and borrowed clothing, 12 of those rescued held an emotional news conference in Rio. The
rest were to arrive later in the afternoon on two merchant vessels.
CTV producer Ana Pereira said survivors indicated that the ship went down very quickly, slipping beneath the
waves.
The ship's captain said that his vessel sank Wednesday afternoon - a day earlier than previously reported -
after being flipped on its side by a powerful gust of wind. He and his passengers and crew were rescued by
merchant ships early Friday.
Capt. William Curry told reporters he was below deck when the
ship suddenly keeled, banking over at a sharp angle in the strong wind. Curry said that was normal, but when
the vessel immediately went over a second time, he knew the vessel was in great danger.
The captain blamed the wreck on a "microburst", a sudden, vertical downdraft that struck the entire surface
area of the Concórdia's sails as it was angled over to one side. Within seconds, the boat went from sailing
upright to lying on its side and beginning to sink.
Thirty minutes later it was completely underwater, Curry said.
"The boat started keeling a lot", said 16-year-old passenger Lauren Unsworth, a Dutch-Canadian who lives in
Amsterdam. "It carne back up, keeled again, was basically lying on its side and all the windows began to break.
That's when we knew it was time to flee."
Curry said that they abandoned ship and took to their life
rafts in high winds and heavy seas, spending more than a day adrift in the Atlantic before spotting their
rescuers.
"We had been in the life raft for about 30 hours when we saw a search plane for the first time", Unsworth
added. "That's when we knew we were not alone and that help was on the way."
Toronto-native Keaton Farwell said her biggest fear was that no one was aware the group needed to be
rescued.
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
"We thought our signal had failed and nobody knew and it could be weeks before we were saved", she told a
news conference. "The worst life-and-death thoughts were going through our heads, and everybody was
panicking."
The Navy said the distress signal was picked up about 5 p.m.. Thursday. An Air Force plane later spotted life
rafts in the ocea-n about 500 kilometers from Rio and a Navy ship and nearby merchant vessels moved in to
aid in the rescue.
The first 12 crew and students came into port aboard a Brazilian Navy frigate. The rest were heading into Rio
aboard slower merchant vessels and were expected to arrive later Saturday afternoon.
The Concórdia was five days out from Montevideo, Uruguay, when it sank.
The Federal Transportation Safety Board says it will assist in an investigation to be led by the ship's flag state
country, Barbados.
The Concórdia is owned by West Island College International with offices in Lunenburg, N.S. Forty-two of
those onboard were identified as Canadians, mostly high school and university students, said Kate Knight,
head of West Island College International of Lunenburg, which operates the Class Afloat program.
Prime Minister Stephen Harper issued a statement thanking the Brazilian Navy and the merchant ships "for
their swift and heroic response."
(Adapted from: www.ctv.ca, www.ap.com, Feb. 2010)
1. The sentence "The Concórdia was five days out from Montevideo, Uruguay when ít sank." means that:
a) The Concórdia had just left Montevideo when it sank.
b) The Concórdia had left Montevideo for five days when it sank.
c) The Concórdia sank for it was five days from the coast of Montevideo.
d) The Concórdia had been going to Montevideo for five days when it sank.
e) The Concórdia was five days away from Montevideo when it sank.
3. Investigations leading to the causes of the accident will be primarily led by:
a) the Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper, who was thankful to the Brazilian Navy and Merchant Ships.
b) the Canadian Government, because 42 of the passengers onboard of the ship were Canadian citizens.
c) the Brazilian Navy, because they were responsible forthe rescue operations.
d) a third country, neither Brazil nor Canada, because ofthe ship's original flag.
e) the West Island College International, which owns theship and is thus responsible for the students on
board.
4. A news conference was held in Rio de Janeiro with some of the survivors. It is correct to affirm that:
a) Not ali survivors were able to attend the conference because some were still on life rafts waiting former
chant vessels to rescue them. Besides, other survivors were returning to Canada as soon as possible.
b) Some survivors were too emotional to participate because of ali the stress they suffered during the
accident and the only thing they wanted to do was to see their families as soon as possible.
c) Survivors gradually arrived in Rio de Janeiro due to different rescue procedures and some were still aboard
merchant ships on their way to the coast of Brazil while the interview was held.
d) A few survivors were not able to participate because they had lost all of their personal belongings in
thetragedy and did not have clothes to appear in public, though donations were received.
e) A number of survivors was brought to Rio de Janeiro by helicopter and therefore arrived faster than the
oneswho carne on slower merchant vessels. Also, there were some survivors who had already returned to
Canada.
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
TEXT 16 (AFA)
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Prof. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES AFA/EFOMM/EN MÓDULO 7
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