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It is used to measure knowledge outcomes and other types of learning outcomes. It is the
most commonly used format in measuring student achievements at different levels of learning.
1. Make a test item that is practical or with real-world applications to the students.
2. Use diagram when asking question about application, analysis or evaluation.
3. When ask to interpret or evaluate about quotations, present actual quotations from
secondary sources.
4. Use tables figures, or charts when asking question to interpret.
5. Use pictures if possible when students are required to apply concepts and
principles.
6. List the choices/ options vertically not horizontally.
7. Avoid trivial questions.
8. Use only one correct answer or best answer format.
9. Use three to five options to discourage guessing.
10. Be sure that distracters are plausible and effective.
11. Increase the similarity of the options to increase the difficulty of the item.
12. Do not use “none of the above” options when asking for a best answer.
13. Avoid using “all of the above” options. It’s usually the correct answer and makes
the item too easy for the examinee with partial knowledge.
Guidelines in Constructing the Stem